{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["production analysis"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'production analysis' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":1,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=production+analysis","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iisd-002745","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002745","title":"Critical Raw Materials: A production and trade outlook","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2024-08","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2024-08/critical-raw-materials-production-trade-outlook.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the strategic importance of critical raw materials (CRMs) for OACPS member states, highlighting their significant global production shares in minerals like cobalt, platinum-group metals, and manganese. It identifies a critical gap in local beneficiation capacities, noting that most CRMs are exported as raw ores, which results in lost economic value. The document analyzes the impact of new industrial policies from the US, EU, and China—such as the US Inflation Reduction Act and the EU Critical Raw Materials Act—which emphasize reshoring and 'friendshoring' and may conflict with OACPS industrialization goals. It concludes that OACPS countries must move beyond extractive 'pit-to-port' models through regional cooperation, strategic partnerships, and robust regulatory frameworks to maximize socio-economic benefits while managing environmental and social risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002745#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"OACPS countries hold dominant global positions in several critical raw materials. In 2021, the group's share of global production included 90.73% for rhodium, 81.92% for platinum, 77.62% for cobalt, and 61.15% for manganese.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002745#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant imbalance between raw material production and processing capabilities in OACPS countries. In Africa, while production is established, beneficiation facilities are largely insufficient; for example, smelting and refining each only make up about 20% of processing facilities for CRMs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002745#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The global demand for CRMs is projected to grow rapidly due to the energy and digital transitions. The IEA estimates that if climate pledges are met, demand for key minerals for renewable energy technologies could more than double by 2030 and increase by a factor of 3.5 by 2050 compared to 2022.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002745#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Industrial policies in partner countries, specifically the US and EU, are shifting toward reshoring and domestic content requirements that may hinder OACPS industrialization. The EU's Critical Raw Materials Act requires that by 2030, no more than 65% of the EU's annual consumption of each strategic raw material should come from a single third country.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002745#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The US Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) uses tax credits and subsidies to prioritize domestic or free trade agreement (FTA) partners. To qualify for certain tax credits in 2024, 50% of the critical minerals in a vehicle's battery by value must meet these sourcing requirements, rising to 80% by 2027.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002745#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"China maintains a dominant position in the midstream and downstream segments of the CRM value chain. It is estimated that China produces 70% of cathodes, 85% of anodes, 66% of separators, and 62% of electrolytes, and holds 78% of global EV cell manufacturing capacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002745#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"OACPS countries are increasingly using export bans on unprocessed minerals to force local value addition. Such measures have been implemented in the DRC, Namibia, and Zimbabwe.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002745#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Deep-sea mining presents a potential but risky source of CRMs for Pacific Island countries. Resources like polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulphides, and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts are found in Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs), but the environmental impacts pose high risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002745#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Trade patterns show a high reliance on Asian markets, particularly China. In 2021, Asia accounted for 49.2% of all OACPS CRM exports, while Europe accounted for 22.3%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002745#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","electric vehicle","renewable energy","industrial policy","trade policy","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Democratic Republic of the Congo","South Africa","People's Republic of China","United States","European Union","Zambia","Madagascar","Cuba","Jamaica","Papua New Guinea","Guinea","Zimbabwe","Namibia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["trade outlook","policy assessment","production analysis"]}]}