{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["policy model"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'policy model' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=policy+model","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iisd-001704","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001704","title":"Modèle d’accord international sur l’investissement pour le développement durable (IIDD)","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"guide","language":"fr","date_published":"2006","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/investment_model_int_handbook_fr.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) presents a model international investment agreement that shifts the focus from purely protecting foreign capital to integrating sustainable development, human rights, and environmental protections. The guide proposes a comprehensive framework of rights and obligations for investors, host states, and home states, including mandatory environmental and social impact assessments, anti-corruption measures, and a reformed dispute resolution mechanism featuring an appellate body and increased transparency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The model agreement aims to replace the traditional bilateral investment treaty (BIT) model, which the IISD argues is outdated and focused exclusively on the \"protection du capital étranger et des investissements\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To prevent 'treaty shopping' or the use of 'shell companies', the agreement requires investors to have a \"présence physique importante\" in the host state and to select a home state based on the location of \"contrôle réel de l’investissement\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The agreement establishes that non-discriminatory regulatory measures taken in good faith to protect public welfare objectives, such as public health, safety, and the environment, do not constitute indirect expropriation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The model incorporates the 'precautionary principle' from the 1992 Rio Declaration into the impact assessment and decision-making process for proposed investments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Strict anti-corruption obligations are imposed on investors, host states, and home states, prohibiting the offering or acceptance of undue advantages to public agents or their family members.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To address the asymmetry of international law, the model allows investors to be subject to civil liability lawsuits in their home state for significant harm, bodily injury, or loss of life caused in the host state.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Host states are prohibited from lowering labor, public health, safety, or environmental standards to attract or retain foreign investment, aiming to prevent a 'race to the bottom'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proposed dispute resolution system replaces the ad hoc arbitrator model with a permanent list of 35 members and introduces a standing appellate body to ensure uniform interpretation of the law.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The agreement mandates transparency in dispute proceedings, requiring that all documents, including notices of intent and final awards, be made public via the Internet and that oral hearings be open to the public.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Investors must exhaust all local remedies in the host state before initiating international arbitration, unless they can prove a lack of independence or timeliness in the national processes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The model includes a financial mechanism and a Technical Assistance Committee to support developing and least-developed countries in improving their investment climates and implementing the agreement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001704#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable development","environmental impact assessment","human rights","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Canada","The Hague"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy model","legal framework","negotiation guide"]},{"id":"iisd-003167","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003167","title":"Acuerdo internacional modelo del IISD sobre inversión para el desarrollo sostenible","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"guide","language":"es","date_published":"2005-04","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/investment_model_int_handbook_es.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The IISD proposes a new model for international investment agreements (IIAs) to replace outdated 20th-century frameworks. The model introduces mandatory investor obligations regarding environmental and social impact assessments, anti-corruption, and human rights, while preserving the right of host states to regulate for the public interest. It also proposes a systemic overhaul of dispute resolution, moving from ad hoc arbitration to a permanent panel and appellate system similar to the WTO.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The current model of international investment agreements (IIAs) is outdated, having been developed in the 1950s and 60s with a singular focus on the \"protección de capital e inversiones extranjeros\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IISD model defines 'investment' strictly to exclude portfolio investments and requires a \"presencia física significativa\" in the host state to prevent the use of 'shell companies' to gain treaty protections.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The agreement establishes that non-discriminatory regulatory measures taken to protect legitimate public welfare objectives, such as public health, safety, and the environment, do not constitute indirect expropriation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Investors are mandated to conduct environmental and social impact assessments before establishing an investment, applying the \"principio de precaución\" as defined in the 1992 Rio Declaration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The model imposes mandatory anti-corruption obligations on investors, prohibiting the offering or giving of undue advantages to public officials, and allows for the revocation of investor rights if these rules are violated.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Investors are required to maintain environmental management systems, with companies of a certain size (proposed at 250 or 500 employees) or those in high-risk industrial sectors required to hold ISO 14001 certification or an equivalent standard.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The agreement establishes that investors are subject to civil liability actions in the courts of their home state for decisions related to the investment that cause significant damage, personal injury, or death in the host state.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Host states are prohibited from lowering or derogating national labor, public health, safety, or environmental standards to attract or retain foreign investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The model proposes a radical shift in dispute resolution by creating a permanent Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) consisting of a Council of Parties, a panel division with 35 permanent panelists, and an appellate division.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To prevent the 'internationalization' of simple contract disputes, the agreement requires investors to exhaust local remedies in the host state before initiating international arbitration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The agreement mandates transparency in arbitration, requiring that notices of intent, pleadings, evidence, and final decisions be made public via the internet, and allowing for amicus curiae submissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The model includes a 'balance of payments' exception, allowing states to take necessary measures to mitigate such emergencies without violating the agreement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003167#insight-12","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable development","environmental impact assessment","human rights","environmental protection"],"geography_discussed":["Argentina","Brazil","Thailand","South Africa","The Hague","Canada"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy model","legal framework","negotiation guide"]}]}