{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["policy impact assessment"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":29,"relation":"eq"},"page":2,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=policy+impact+assessment&page=2","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"catf-000665","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/catf-000665","title":"Carbon Capture & Storage in The United States Power Sector","publisher":{"name":"Clean Air Task Force","organization":"clean-air-task-force"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-02","source_url":"https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/21093745/CATF_CCS_United_States_Power_Sector.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that the 45Q tax credit could lead to the annual capture and storage of approximately 49 million metric tonnes of CO2 by 2030 in the U.S. power sector, primarily through retrofits on coal and natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) plants. This deployment is found to be complementary to renewable energy growth and could meet two-thirds of the 2030 U.S. power sector goal set by the International Energy Agency (IEA) to limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius. The analysis emphasizes that the economics of the 45Q credit make enhanced oil recovery (EOR) more favorable than saline storage, necessitating rapid infrastructure development to realize the credit's full potential.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000665#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The expanded 45Q tax credits are projected to result in the annual capture and storage of approximately 49 million metric tonnes of CO2 by 2030 in the U.S. power sector, which is equivalent to removing roughly 7 million cars from U.S. roads.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000665#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coal plant retrofits are expected to be the primary driver of these reductions, capturing 41.3 million tonnes of CO2 annually by 2030, while NGCC plant retrofits capture 7.4 million tonnes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000665#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The modeling indicates that CCS deployment induced by 45Q is additive to and does not displace electricity generation from renewable sources, with renewable generation remaining near 550 TWh in 2030 regardless of the tax credit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000665#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The model predicts that all 45Q-driven CCS projects will be retrofits located near enhanced oil recovery (EOR) basins, as the combined value of the $35 tax credit and EOR revenue is more favorable than the $50 credit for saline storage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000665#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"By 2030, the model projects 20.4 GW of existing electricity generating capacity will be partially retrofitted with CCS, consisting of 10.8 GW of coal-fired and 9.6 GW of NGCC plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000665#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The projected CO2 storage by 2030 is distributed across three EOR basins: the Mid-Continent Basin (23.5 million tonnes), East & Central Texas (19 million tonnes), and the California Basin (6.4 million tonnes).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000665#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report argues that while 45Q is a powerful incentive, additional policy actions are needed to remove bottlenecks in the permitting, financing, and construction of CO2 pipelines and injection sites to fully realize the technology's impact.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000665#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon capture and storage","coal-fired power station","renewable energy","climate finance","Grid decarbonization"],"geography_discussed":["California","Texas","Canada","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic modeling","policy impact assessment"]},{"id":"sei-001254","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001254","title":"Bottom-Up Energy Analysis System – Methodology and Results","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2012-04","source_url":"https://cdn.leap.sei.org/documents/BUENAS.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Bottom-Up Energy Analysis System (BUENAS) is a policy analysis tool developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory to model energy demand for appliances and equipment in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. It projects energy consumption from 2005 to 2030 across 12 individual countries and the European Union, covering approximately 62% of global final energy demand (increasing to 77% if China is included). The model utilizes a modified Kaya identity—Energy = (Activity × Intensity) / Efficiency—and is implemented via the Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) system. BUENAS evaluates three scenarios: Business As Usual (BAU), Recent Achievements (modeling MEPS implemented or announced between 2010 and 2011), and Best Practice (assuming the adoption of the world's most stringent standards by 2015). Results indicate that the Best Practice scenario could reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 988 mt by 2030, with the most significant electricity savings projected in the residential (27%) and commercial (22%) sectors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001254#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"BUENAS covers 12 individual countries and the 27 Member States of the European Union as a single entity, representing 62% of global final energy demand based on 2005 IEA data, which would rise to 77% if China were integrated.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001254#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The model's scope includes residential end uses (such as air conditioning, refrigeration, and lighting), commercial building end uses (air conditioning, lighting, refrigeration, space heating, and laundry), and industrial electric motors over 750 kW and distribution transformers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001254#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Best Practice Scenario' projects that by 2030, total emissions reductions for the covered equipment would be approximately 988 mt of CO2, which is roughly 4.5 times the savings achieved since January 2010.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001254#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Under the Best Practice Scenario, electricity savings are most significant in the residential sector (27% reduction) and the commercial sector (22% reduction) compared to 2030 demand.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001254#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The United States and the European Union are projected to have the highest energy savings in the Recent Achievements Scenario due to their economic size, the volume of efficiency activities, and better data availability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001254#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The model employs different activity estimation methods based on data availability: unit sales flows, ownership rates, or econometric modeling driven by macroeconomic trends (GDP per household, urbanization, and electrification).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001254#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Business As Usual (BAU) scenario assumes 'frozen efficiency' from 2010 onwards, meaning the efficiency of new products remains constant unless specific market-driven projections are available.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001254#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy efficiency","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","Chile"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["bottom-up modeling","scenario analysis","policy impact assessment"]},{"id":"iai-000757","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000757","title":"Informe del Programa Científico","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2011-06","source_url":"https://archive.iai.int/admin/site/sites/default/files/iai-cop-18-science-report-s.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details the outcomes of the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) programs, specifically the Cooperative Research Networks (CRN II), Small Grants Program for Human Dimensions (SGP-HD), and an IDRC-funded project on the Río de la Plata basin. Key findings highlight the vulnerability of Andean cloud forests, the impact of land-use changes on hydrology in the Río de la Plata basin, and the increasing frequency of hurricanes in the Caribbean. The document emphasizes the 'value added' by integrating social and economic sciences (Human Dimensions) to bridge the gap between scientific research and policy implementation, citing specific influences on forest protection laws in Brazil and glacier protection legislation in Argentina.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000757#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The integration of Human Dimensions (SGP-HD) projects has bridged the gap between science and policy, leading to direct impacts such as the repeal of a 2010 state law in Minas Gerais, Brazil, that had removed protection from significant forest areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000757#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Andean cloud forests are particularly vulnerable to climate change as they are squeezed between rising temperatures and development pressures from below, and grazing impacts from above.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000757#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Río de la Plata basin, replacing permanent pastures with agricultural crops has altered regional hydrology by approximately one third, with recurrent flooding reducing agricultural production by an average of 21% in the western Pampa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000757#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Paleotempestology data indicates that Atlantic hurricane activity peaked during the Medieval period (c. 900-1100 CE) and has reached another peak since 1850, particularly after 1980, suggesting a higher future frequency of hurricanes in the Caribbean due to warming oceans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000757#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Patagonian shelf is a major atmospheric CO2 sink, but global warming may strengthen vertical stratification in the upper ocean, potentially reducing the 'biological pump's' efficiency in capturing carbon by favoring less efficient groups like dinoflagellates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000757#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the American cordillera, most Andean glaciers between 17-55°S have retreated over the last century; specifically, the Southern Patagonian Ice Field lost approximately 1,000 km2 (about 7%) of its cover between 1944 and 2009.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000757#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Urban air pollution in major Latin American cities often exceeds WHO standards, with dust particles exceeding standards in about 90% of cases and nitrogen oxide in 73%, with risks varying by demographic factors such as age and income.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000757#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Tropical dry forests in the Americas are highly threatened, with only 40% of the original area remaining and only 4.5% currently protected in parks and reserves.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000757#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI programs achieved significant capacity building between 2006 and 2011, with 318 students receiving scholarships and 1,144 students participating in training events and workshops under the CRN II program.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000757#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","land-use change","hydrology","biodiversity","glacier retreat","carbon sequestration","tropical cyclone","sea level rise","ecosystem service","climate change adaptation","biofuel","water security","climate finance","Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation"],"geography_discussed":["South America","Río de la Plata Basin","Caribbean","Brazil","Argentina","Chile","Mexico","Paraguay","Uruguay","United States","Costa Rica","Guatemala","Honduras","Bolivia","Colombia","Ecuador","Peru","Mendoza Province","Córdoba Province","Minas Gerais","São Paulo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["program evaluation","scientific synthesis","policy impact assessment"]},{"id":"iai-000756","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000756","title":"Report on Science Program","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011-05-09","source_url":"https://archive.iai.int/admin/site/sites/default/files/iai-cop-18-science-report-e.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details the progress of the Second Collaborative Research Network (CRNII), the Small Grants Program for the Human Dimensions (SGP-HD), and an IDRC-funded project on the La Plata Basin. It highlights the integration of social and economic research into natural sciences to bridge the science-policy divide, resulting in 343 joint scientific publications and significant capacity building for over 1,600 students. Key findings include the impact of land-use change on hydrology in the La Plata Basin, the vulnerability of Andean cloud forests and glaciers, and the influence of ocean currents on fisheries and carbon sequestration in the South Atlantic. The document also notes direct policy contributions, such as informing the National Glacier Protection Law in Argentina and updating urban decontamination plans in Bogotá and Medellín.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000756#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The IAI's science programs have significantly expanded scientific capacity in the Americas, with the CRNII program providing scholarships to 318 students and training to 1,144 students, while the SGP-HD program provided 25 scholarships and trained 437 students.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000756#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Research in the La Plata basin indicates that replacing permanent pastures with arable agriculture has altered regional hydrology by approximately one third, with groundwater accumulation from grain crops causing soil salinization and reducing yields.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000756#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Andean cloud forests are identified as particularly vulnerable because they are being squeezed between rising temperatures and development pressures from below and grazing impacts from above.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000756#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Glacial retreat is significant in the American Cordillera; the Southern Patagonian Icefield lost approximately 1,000 km2 (about 7%) of its ice cover between 1944 and 2009, with the annual loss rate doubling in the last 25 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000756#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the South Atlantic, the Patagonian continental shelf acts as a strong sink for atmospheric CO2, but global warming may alter the 'biological pump' by favoring less efficient carbon-sequestering groups like dinoflagellates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000756#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IAI's research has directly influenced policy, including the development of Argentina's national Glacier Protection Law and the revocation of a 2010 State law in Brazil that had removed protection from important dry forest areas in Minas Gerais.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000756#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Urban pollution research has led to the implementation of daily chemical-weather forecasts for Lima, Medellín, and Santiago, and provided data for decontamination plans in Bogotá and Medellín.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000756#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","land-use change","hydrology","biodiversity","ecosystem service","carbon sequestration","glacier retreat","biofuel","tropical cyclone","sea level rise","climate change adaptation","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Argentina","Brazil","Chile","Mexico","Paraguay","Colombia","Peru","Costa Rica","United States","La Plata Basin","Caribbean"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["program evaluation","scientific synthesis","policy impact assessment"]},{"id":"sei-001539","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001539","title":"FACT SHEET Software name: Resources and Energy Analysis Programme (REAP)","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2008","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/reap.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Resources and Energy Analysis Programme (REAP) is a software tool developed by the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) to track the environmental consequences of economic activity by analyzing consumption patterns across various spatial scales. It calculates ecological, carbon, and greenhouse gas footprints by combining consumption data with production impacts throughout the supply chain. In the UK, REAP has been applied in over 50 projects, including evaluating regional strategies and creating footprint reduction roadmaps. The tool emphasizes a lifecycle approach, highlighting that consumption-based emissions can exceed production-based emissions due to trade balances, as seen in the UK and Sweden.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"REAP is a software tool used to calculate and monitor ecological, carbon, and greenhouse gas (GHG) footprints for populations at local authority, regional, and national levels in the UK by combining consumption data with production impacts across the entire supply chain.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The software utilizes a scenario editor to assess the potential environmental impacts of policies in sectors such as energy, transport, food, housing, and planning, allowing users to test specific interventions like sustainable home codes or fuel efficiency improvements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Lifecycle analysis reveals that consumption-based emissions are often higher than production-based emissions in developed economies due to imports; specifically, UK consumption emissions were 21% higher than production emissions, and Swedish consumer emissions were 17% higher than producer emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Since its February 2006 launch in the UK, REAP has been used in over 50 projects, with approximately 20 local authorities integrating it into their policy processes and over two-thirds of all UK local authorities utilizing its footprint data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"REAP has been applied to specific UK regional policy tasks, including evaluating strategies in the West Midlands and Yorkshire and Humber, creating reduction roadmaps for Wales and the South East, and assessing housing policies in the Leeds City Region.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001539#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","carbon footprint","energy efficiency","transport policy"],"geography_discussed":["Sweden","Yorkshire and the Humber","West Midlands","South East England","Wales","Tees Valley","Greater Nottingham","Leeds City Region","Europe","Thailand","People's Republic of China","Canada","Australia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["software description","policy impact assessment"]},{"id":"catf-001151","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/catf-001151","title":"Power Plant Emissions: Particulate Matter-Related Health Damages and the Benefits of Alternative Emission Reduction Scenarios","publisher":{"name":"Clean Air Task Force","organization":"clean-air-task-force"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2004-06","source_url":"https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/21093536/Power_Plant_Emissions.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This report analyzes the health impacts of various US power plant emission reduction policies, comparing the Clear Skies Act (CSA) with the Carper Bill, Jeffords Bill, and an EPA Straw Proposal. Using the REMSAD air quality model and BenMAP health analysis tool, the study quantifies avoidable cases of premature mortality, chronic bronchitis, heart attacks, and respiratory/cardiovascular hospitalizations. The findings indicate that the Jeffords Bill provides the highest health benefits in both 2010 and 2020, while the CSA provides the lowest among the policy options. The report also includes a 'No EGU' scenario to establish the total health footprint of coal-fired electricity generating units.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-001151#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Jeffords Bill is the most effective of the analyzed policy options in reducing health damages, with the highest estimated number of avoided premature mortalities in 2010 (16,575 cases) and 2020 (21,749 cases).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-001151#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Clear Skies Act (CSA) results in the lowest health benefits among the four policy scenarios for both 2010 and 2020 across all quantified health endpoints.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-001151#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In 2010, the total monetized value of health benefits for the Jeffords Bill is estimated at $104.8 billion, compared to $52.0 billion for the Clear Skies Act.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-001151#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"For the year 2020, the monetized health benefits of the Jeffords Bill are estimated at $157.8 billion, while the Clear Skies Act is estimated at $107.0 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-001151#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'No EGU' analysis, which removes all emissions from fossil-fueled electricity generating units, estimates 23,604 attributable premature deaths in 2010.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-001151#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies premature mortality as the most significant monetized benefit, with a value of a statistical life estimated at $6.12 million in 1999 dollars.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-001151#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The analysis uses a five-year lag structure for premature mortality, assuming 25% of deaths occur in the first year, 25% in the second, and 16.7% in each of the following three years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-001151#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Speciated Modeled Attainment Test (SMAT) indicates that the Jeffords Bill would result in the fewest non-attainment counties in 2010 (16 counties) compared to the Clear Skies Act (38 counties).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-001151#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report estimates that the value of avoiding a case of pollution-related chronic bronchitis is $331,000 in 1999 dollars.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-001151#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Work loss days are valued using the national median daily wage, which was $105.8 in 1999 dollars.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-001151#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["particulates","public health"],"geography_discussed":["Canada","Gulf of Mexico"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy impact assessment","health impact assessment","economic valuation"]},{"id":"eesi-000259","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/eesi-000259","title":"Fact Sheet U.S. Climate Jobs","publisher":{"name":"Environmental and Energy Study Institute","organization":"environmental-and-energy-study-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.eesi.org/files/FactSheet_Climate_Jobs_2026.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"In 2024, the United States had more than 4,085,300 climate jobs, with clean energy job creation outpacing fossil fuel job creation. Energy efficiency was the largest sector, supporting nearly 2.4 million jobs, while renewable energy supported 596,100 jobs, dominated by solar and wind. Clean energy storage and grid modernization supported 160,300 jobs. Clean vehicle employment fell by 3% between 2023 and 2024, though renewable fuels remained steady. The adaptation and resilience industry grew by 18% to $4.8 billion in 2024, despite a lack of formal tracking by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Federal legislation including the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) significantly drove investment, although some incentives were weakened or eliminated in 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000259#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Total climate employment in the U.S. exceeded 4,085,300 jobs in 2024. Clean energy job creation grew at a rate of 2.8%, which was more than three times the overall U.S. job growth rate and exceeded the creation of fossil fuel jobs for that year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000259#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Energy efficiency was the largest climate job sector in 2024, supporting almost 2.4 million jobs. California had the highest number of these jobs (812,090), while the highest growth rates were seen in New Mexico (+7.7%), Idaho (+7.3%), Nevada (+7.3%), and Oklahoma (+7.2%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000259#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Renewable energy supported 596,100 jobs in 2024, with solar (370,600) and wind (133,000) making up over 84% of the sector. Solar photovoltaic installers and wind turbine service technicians have been the two fastest-growing occupations in the U.S. for three consecutive years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000259#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Clean transportation employment showed mixed results: clean vehicle jobs fell by 3% from 2023 to 2024, with hybrid electric vehicles losing nearly 6,000 jobs. Conversely, renewable fuels supported 111,800 jobs and remained steady, although woody biomass jobs decreased by more than 2%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000259#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The adaptation and resilience industry grew by 18% to $4.8 billion in 2024, outperforming the overall climate industry growth of 9%. However, these jobs are not comprehensively tracked because the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics lacks a specific category for them.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000259#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Federal policies including the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the CHIPS and Science Act, and the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) drove job creation between 2021 and 2024. The IRA alone was projected to create over 303,500 construction jobs and 100,000 permanent jobs annually, though some incentives were weakened or removed by the Trump Administration and Congress in 2025.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000259#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy efficiency","renewable energy","solar energy","wind power","hydropower","bioenergy","geothermal energy","energy storage","battery energy storage system","Grid modernization","electric vehicle","biofuel","public transport","climate change adaptation","climate resilience","Inflation Reduction Act of 2022","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["California","Texas","New York","Florida","New Mexico","Idaho","Nevada","Oklahoma","Illinois"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["employment analysis","policy impact assessment"]},{"id":"eninnova-000140","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/eninnova-000140","title":"Economic Impacts of U.S. Senate “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” Energy Provisions Summary","publisher":{"name":"Energy Innovation","organization":"energy-innovation"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://energyinnovation.org/wp-content/uploads/One-Big-Beautiful-Bill-Senate-Reconciliation-Analysis_July-2025.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The U.S. Senate's \"One Big Beautiful Bill Act\" is projected to reduce new electricity capacity by 340 GW by 2035, primarily affecting wind and solar. This reduction, combined with higher gas prices, is expected to increase wholesale electricity prices by 74% by 2035 and raise residential electricity rates by 10 to 18%. Consequently, the bill is forecast to cause annual GDP losses of $130 billion by 2030 and peak job losses of 900,000 in 2032.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000140#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Senate bill is projected to significantly reduce domestic electricity generation capacity by 2035 by 340 gigawatts, driven by the phase-out of technology-neutral clean energy tax credits and complex material sourcing requirements. Wind capacity is expected to decrease by approximately 200 GW, solar by 150 GW, and grid batteries by 17 GW. While natural gas capacity is forecast to increase by 19 GW by 2035, supply chain issues are expected to prevent any additional gas buildout for the next five years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000140#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Electricity prices are expected to rise significantly under the Senate bill, with wholesale prices increasing by 25% by 2030 and 74% by 2035. Total wholesale electricity costs are projected to rise from $140 billion to $230 billion by 2035. This is expected to result in electricity rate increases of 10 to 18% for residential, commercial, and industrial consumers by 2035, with annual household energy bills increasing by $130 by 2030 and $170 by 2035.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000140#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The bill is forecast to negatively impact the U.S. economy through decreased private investment and job losses. Annual GDP losses are projected at $130 billion by 2030 and $110 billion by 2035, with a total cost of $980 billion in GDP over the budget window. Employment is expected to decline, with job losses reaching 760,000 by 2030 and peaking at 900,000 in 2032.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eninnova-000140#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["wind power","solar energy","natural gas","electricity price","gross domestic product","employment"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic modeling","policy impact assessment"]},{"id":"wri-001445","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wri-001445","title":"Widespread Demand for the Clean School Bus Program","publisher":{"name":"World Resources Institute","organization":"world-resources-institute"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://files.wri.org/d8/s3fs-public/2025-03/widespread-demand-clean-school-bus-program-2-pager.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Clean School Bus Program (CSBP) has funded over 8,000 electric school buses across 48 states, four territories, Washington, DC, and 65 Tribal school districts, with over 2,000 already delivered. Electric school buses are presented as a viable alternative to diesel-powered buses, offering health benefits by eliminating tailpipe emissions and saving districts an average of $100,000 in lifetime fuel and maintenance costs per bus. Additionally, the CSBP is credited with spurring a manufacturing boom, supporting 21 facilities across 13 states and creating thousands of jobs, with an estimate that each electric vehicle manufacturing job can create three additional local third-party jobs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-001445#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Clean School Bus Program (CSBP) has funded more than 8,000 electric school buses across 48 U.S. states, four territories, Washington, DC, and 65 Tribal school districts, with over 2,000 buses already delivered.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-001445#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Electric school buses provide health advantages over diesel-powered buses by eliminating tailpipe emissions and offer economic benefits by saving school districts an average of $100,000 per bus in lifetime fuel and maintenance costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-001445#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The CSBP is driving growth in the U.S. manufacturing sector, supporting 21 facilities across 13 states and creating thousands of jobs; it is estimated that every electric vehicle manufacturing job generates three additional jobs in local third-party businesses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-001445#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major electric school bus manufacturing facilities are located in Georgia, Indiana, Michigan, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and West Virginia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-001445#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["green job","electromobility"],"geography_discussed":["Guam","United States Virgin Islands","American Samoa","Washington, D.C.","Georgia","Indiana","Michigan","North Carolina","Oklahoma","West Virginia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy impact assessment","economic analysis"]}]}