{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["policy effectiveness assessment"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'policy effectiveness assessment' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=policy+effectiveness+assessment","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"ucs-001178","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-001178","title":"The Lacey Act\u001a Effectiveness in Reducing Illegal Wood Imports","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2015-10","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/attach/2015/10/ucs-lacey-report-2015.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study finds that U.S. imports of illegal wood declined by 32% to 44% since the 2008 Lacey Act amendments, with China accounting for two-thirds of this reduction. While the law contributed to this decline, it has not eliminated illegal imports, which were estimated at $2.8 billion in 2013. The report highlights that the reduction was driven more by U.S. buyers avoiding high-risk products and countries rather than discriminating between legal and illegal wood within the same product category.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001178#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"U.S. imports of illegally sourced wood products decreased by an estimated 32% to 44% in roundwood equivalent (RWE) volume between 2007 and 2013. The 32% figure represents a baseline analysis of total imports from high-risk countries, while the 44% figure includes assumed discrimination by buyers in China, Indonesia, and Vietnam.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001178#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"China was the primary driver of the overall reduction in illegal wood imports, accounting for approximately two-thirds of the decline. This was largely due to a shift in China's own sourcing; the proportion of Chinese imports of logs and sawn wood from high-risk countries dropped from over 80% in 2007 to 45% in 2013.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001178#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite the overall decline, significant volumes of illegal wood still enter the U.S. In 2013, these imports were estimated at 4.7 million cubic meters RWE, with a value of approximately $2.8 billion. China, Indonesia, and Vietnam combined for 78% of these estimated illegal imports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001178#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proportion of U.S. wood imports originating from high-risk countries actually increased from 19% in 2007 to 27% in 2013. This trend is attributed to the housing market collapse affecting low-risk imports more severely and the growth of China as a supplier, rather than a failure of the Lacey Act to reduce illegality within those flows.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001178#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"U.S. importers showed significant discrimination against high-risk product types from China. Specifically, imports of tropical plywood from China—perceived as higher risk—fell by nearly 90% between 2007 and 2013, dropping from 25% of Chinese plywood imports to just 4%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001178#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The impact of the Lacey Act varied by country and product. In Indonesia, the proportion of paper imports likely coming from illegal natural forest conversion fell from 34% in 2007 to 2% in 2013. In Peru, tropical lumber imports decreased by over 70% between 2007 and 2010. Conversely, estimated illegal imports from Vietnam doubled due to a surge in wood furniture imports.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-001178#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["illegal logging","deforestation","forest degradation","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","Indonesia","Vietnam","Peru","Congo Basin","Malaysia","Brazil","Russia","Mexico","Canada","New Zealand","Gabon"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative analysis","trade data analysis","policy effectiveness assessment"]},{"id":"iisd-001131","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001131","title":"Business Sentiments Survey of China’s Low-Carbon and Energy Policies","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2015-03","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/business-sentiments-survey-china-low-carbon-energy-policies-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes a survey of 230 manufacturing companies across 16 Chinese provinces to evaluate how businesses interact with low-carbon and energy policies. It finds that while flagship programs like carbon-trading pilots have significant reach, there is a critical lack of policy awareness and technical capacity, particularly among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Major barriers to implementation include uncertainty regarding technology, lack of capital, and high administrative burdens caused by overlapping government jurisdictions. The document recommends streamlining administrative procedures, increasing transparency in carbon quota allocations, and lowering participation thresholds for subsidies to better include smaller firms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001131#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a significant gap in energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) management systems among smaller firms; while 82% of large energy-using facilities (>10,000 tonnes of coal equivalent) have energy targets, this drops to less than 20% for facilities using less than 5,000 tonnes annually.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001131#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"GHG inventory adoption is low across the sample, with 61% of companies having no GHG emission inventory in place. Reasons for this include lack of expertise, concerns over data confidentiality, and a perception that GHG reporting is a low government priority.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001131#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Policy awareness is generally low, with only 19% of enterprises reporting they are familiar with low-carbon and energy policies, and 26% stating they do not understand the policy mix at all. Awareness levels decrease as firm size decreases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001131#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Businesses identify three primary barriers to implementing low-carbon projects: technical uncertainty (affecting 50% of the sample), inadequate or unpredictable government incentives (35%), and a lack of financial capital (35%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001131#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"High administrative transaction costs are a major deterrent, with 33% of respondents citing the burden of reporting the same or similar data to multiple government departments and jurisdictions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001131#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Companies express a strong preference for economic instruments over regulatory ones, with 54% desiring subsidized loans to reduce the long payback periods associated with energy-saving and low-carbon technologies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001131#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There are concerns regarding the fairness and transparency of pilot carbon-trading schemes, specifically that power plants received large free quota allocations while some high-performing manufacturers were forced to buy permits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001131#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy efficiency","greenhouse gas inventory","climate finance","subsidy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["business sentiments survey","policy effectiveness assessment"]}]}