{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["policy advice"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'policy advice' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=policy+advice","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iisd-001418","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001418","title":"FORCE MAJEURE ET COVID-19 : UNE ARME À DOUBLE TRANCHANT JURIDIQUEMENT RISQUÉE","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"fr","date_published":"2020-05","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/force-majeure-covid-19-fr.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The policy brief warns governments that force majeure is a 'double-edged sword' during the COVID-19 pandemic. While governments may use it to justify emergency measures, they must also face claims from companies unable to operate. The author recommends a case-by-case approach, avoiding general legal declarations, and using 'without prejudice' communications to mitigate future litigation risks in contractual and investor-state disputes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001418#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Force majeure allows entities to stop fulfilling obligations without financial penalties when an event beyond their control makes execution impossible, whether permanently or temporarily.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001418#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Governments face a strategic dilemma where they may need to defend their own COVID-19 measures using force majeure while simultaneously processing similar claims from companies seeking to avoid obligations to the state.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001418#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"China has already declared COVID-19 a case of force majeure for many of its companies' commercial contracts, likely to avoid claims from foreign firms regarding non-delivery or breach of purchase contracts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001418#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Governments are advised to avoid making official general declarations on force majeure and should instead use 'without prejudice' communications to prevent being legally bound by general arguments in specific future disputes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001418#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant risk of legal action from companies and third-party litigation funders alleging breach of contract or non-compliance with international investment treaties due to government COVID-19 responses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001418#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["legal analysis","policy advice"]},{"id":"saiia-000896","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/saiia-000896","title":"Engaging with Parliaments: Advice to Civil Society","publisher":{"name":"South African Institute of International Affairs","organization":"south-african-institute-of-international-affairs"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2008-07","source_url":"https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/Occasional-Paper-8.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The paper argues that civil society organisations (CSOs) should not dismiss parliaments as 'rubber stamps' but instead build strategic partnerships with individual members of parliament (MPs). It emphasizes the importance of understanding electoral systems to identify independent-minded MPs, providing high-quality non-partisan research to resource-poor legislators, and cultivating 'champions' within the governing party. The author highlights that credibility and public legitimacy—built through community rooting and financial transparency—are more valuable than funding when influencing policy. Practical guidance is provided on lobbying, media engagement, and monitoring MP performance through 'report cards' to drive accountability during elections.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000896#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The type of electoral system significantly impacts an MP's ability to act independently of their political party. In 'single-member district' systems using 'first-past-the-post' voting, MPs often have a stronger individual power base to bargain with their parties compared to those in multi-member districts or closed-list systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000896#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many parliaments in developing democracies suffer from severe resource deficits, including a lack of staff, neglected research archives, and insufficient training for MPs. This creates an opportunity for civil society organisations to provide value by offering accurate, non-partisan information and research that MPs cannot produce themselves.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000896#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective advocacy requires identifying and supporting a 'champion'—ideally an MP from the governing party—who can navigate the levers of power to advance a cause. CSOs are advised to build long-term relationships based on trust rather than only contacting officials during crises.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000896#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The legitimacy of a civil society organisation in the eyes of politicians is derived from its credibility and community rooting rather than its financial resources. This includes maintaining financial transparency, including beneficiaries on boards of directors, and soliciting small contributions from the local public to demonstrate a broad voter base.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000896#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"CSOs can increase the pressure on political elites by creating 'newsworthy events' for the media and by issuing non-partisan 'report cards' that track how MPs voted on specific issues, which can then be circulated to voters before elections.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-000896#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["governance","civil society"],"geography_discussed":["Uganda","Ethiopia","South Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy advice","best practices"]}]}