{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["platform analysis"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'platform analysis' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":4,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=platform+analysis","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"isdglo-000004","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000004","title":"TikTok series: Policy recommendations","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2024-09-13","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/digital-dispatch/tiktok-series-policy-recommendations/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) identifies systemic failures in TikTok's moderation of hate speech and extremism, noting that 30% of a sampled white supremacist dataset contained multiple policy violations. The report recommends enhancing Trust and Safety resourcing, updating moderator training to recognize nuanced 'dog-whistles', and overhauling the auto-suggest feature which currently suggests workarounds for accessing violative content. Additionally, ISD calls for expanded Research API access for civil society organizations beyond the US and Europe to improve platform transparency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000004#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"TikTok exhibits systemic failures in moderating both nuanced and overt policy violations; in an assessment of white supremacist content, 30% of the total sample contained two or more policy violations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000004#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The platform's auto-suggest function is identified as a major safety risk because it proactively suggests ways for users to find violative content or communities promoting extremist narratives, operating independently of video moderation strategies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000004#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"TikTok's hashtag and search blocking systems are insufficient and easily bypassed by misspellings, which allows users to discover networks of accounts spreading anti-migrant and white supremacist content through 'dog whistles' and coded language.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000004#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a critical need for specialized moderator training and dedicated issue-based moderation queues to handle the complexity of hate speech, as general moderators often lack the contextual knowledge to identify subtle derogatory language regarding migration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000004#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"TikTok's Research API is currently too restrictive, as it is limited to non-profit academic institutions in the US and Europe, which hinders the ability of civil society organizations to monitor the platform.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000004#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Europe","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation","platform analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000164","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000164","title":"Uisce Faoi Thalamh An Investigation Into the Online Mis- and Disinformation Ecosystem in Ireland","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Uisce-Faoi-Thalamh-Summary-Report.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a growing online mis- and disinformation ecosystem in Ireland, where far-right actors have transitioned from pandemic-related conspiracy theories to targeting immigrants and the LGBTQ+ community. Based on an analysis of over 13 million posts, the study finds that social media platforms are failing to enforce community guidelines, allowing harmful content to proliferate. Twitter (X) is the most active platform, while Telegram serves as a key hub for organization. The research highlights that online disinformation fuels offline hostility and violence, including vigilante-style attacks and protests. It recommends stronger platform regulation, algorithmic transparency, and increased data access for researchers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The online mis- and disinformation ecosystem in Ireland grew between 2020 and 2023, with increases in the number of active accounts, posts, and engagement levels across all analyzed platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms are failing to enforce their own community guidelines, creating an 'enforcement gap' that allows harmful, false, or misleading content to remain active and reach audiences.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Twitter (now X) is the primary hub for this ecosystem, hosting the highest number of accounts and serving as the dominant platform for eight of the nine analyzed topics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Far-right actors and alternative media outlets are the primary drivers of disinformation; these actors often use a 'veneer of credibility' to promote conspiratorial claims and hateful ideologies, including white nationalism and antisemitism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The focus of the disinformation ecosystem shifted from COVID-19 health narratives in 2020-2021 to the war in Ukraine, and subsequently to anti-immigration and anti-LGBTQ+ narratives in early 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Online disinformation has directly contributed to offline violence and hostility, including anti-lockdown protests, vigilante-style violence linked to anti-immigration rhetoric, and protests targeting libraries and schools over LGBTQ+ issues.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is increasingly being exploited by far-right political parties to frame the issue as a 'culture war' and a conspiracy to control the population, often to position themselves as defenders of rural interests.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000164#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["landscape study","narrative analysis","platform analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000165","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000165","title":"Uisce Faoi Thalamh An Investigation Into the Online Mis- and Disinformation Ecosystem in Ireland","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Uisce-Faoi-Thalamh_Platform-Analysis.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes 12 social media platforms and various fundraising mechanisms used by actors in the Irish mis- and disinformation ecosystem. It finds that Twitter (X) is the most popular platform for these activities, while Telegram has seen exponential growth as a hub for original content and Russian state-backed media. Mainstream platforms like Facebook and Instagram show a shift in focus from COVID-19 health misinformation toward anti-immigration narratives. Alternative platforms such as Gab, Gettr, BitChute, and Rumble are used to host more explicit hate speech, including Holocaust denial and neo-Nazism, often serving as storage for content that would be banned on mainstream sites. Additionally, the report identifies 41 entities using 27 different donation platforms, including Stripe and PayPal, often in violation of the platforms' terms of service regarding hate speech and disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Twitter (X) is the most dominant platform in the Irish mis- and disinformation ecosystem, with 1,158 accounts producing 11.7 million tweets between January 2020 and April 2023. A small number of highly prolific accounts drive the majority of activity, with the top 10 accounts responsible for over 14% and the top 50 for over 35% of total content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Telegram has experienced exponential growth within the ecosystem, evolving from 23 channels publishing an average of 38 posts per day in 2020 to 102 channels averaging 1,150 posts per day in 2022. Unlike Twitter, Telegram is primarily used for original content, with 69% of all activity consisting of original posts rather than forwards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a clear thematic shift across mainstream platforms (Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter) where health-related discussions, which dominated during the COVID-19 pandemic, have been superseded by immigration-focused narratives from 2022 onwards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Alternative platforms like Gab and Gettr are used to disseminate extreme content that is typically banned on mainstream sites, including explicit antisemitism and Holocaust denial. Gemma O'Doherty is identified as a prominent actor using these platforms for such purposes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Telegram serves as a significant conduit for Russian state-backed media in Ireland, specifically through the RIPT News Media Ireland channel, which shares content from RT to bypass EU sanctions and blocks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"YouTube is used by Irish actors to produce and monetise misleading claims via livestreams and the 'Super Chats' feature. Actors also employ a cross-posting strategy, uploading 24.2% of their YouTube content to alternative platforms like BitChute, Rumble, or Odysee to ensure content survives if their mainstream accounts are terminated.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"TikTok is less prominent than other platforms, but its algorithms may amplify controversial content; some videos from accounts with low follower counts reached over one million views. Content on TikTok frequently involves the harassment and doxxing of migrants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Alternative video platforms (BitChute, Rumble, Odysee, and DLive) are primarily used as storage spaces rather than for audience growth, with 25% of uploads on the three main sites being cross-posted videos.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Actors in the Irish mis- and disinformation ecosystem use 27 different fundraising mechanisms to solicit financial support. Stripe and PayPal are the most popular, despite both having policies prohibiting the promotion of hate or discriminatory content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000165#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Northern Ireland","United Kingdom","United States","Russia","Ukraine"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["platform analysis","content analysis","quantitative analysis","qualitative analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000097","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000097","title":"Hatescape: An In-Depth Analysis of Extremism and Hate Speech on TikTok","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/HateScape_v5.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) analyzed 1,030 TikTok videos to assess the state of hate and extremism on the platform. The research found significant amounts of content promoting white supremacy, glorifying terrorists and fascists, and denying genocides. The report highlights a substantial 'enforcement gap,' noting that 81.5% of the sampled hateful videos remained live during the study. It further details how TikTok's creative tools—such as Duets, Stitches, and specific 'Sounds'—are repurposed to spread hate, and how users employ evasion tactics like 'respawned' accounts and alternative hashtag spellings to bypass bans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000097#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"White supremacy was the most prevalent category of hate in the sample, with 312 videos (30%) promoting ideologies such as the 'Great Replacement' and 'white genocide' conspiracy theories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000097#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant portion of the sample glorified extremist or terrorist figures; 246 videos (24%) featured the praise or promotion of individuals and groups including Adolf Hitler, ISIS, and Brenton Tarrant.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000097#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Terrorist propaganda is discoverable on the platform, including 30 videos supporting Brenton Tarrant (some containing his original footage) and 8 videos originally released by ISIS, including drone footage of car bomb attacks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000097#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"TikTok's creative features are actively used to spread hate: 27% of the sample used specific Sounds and 17% utilized Duet/Stitch functions or video effects to promote extremist content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000097#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a notable enforcement gap in content moderation, as 81.5% of the sampled hateful and extremist videos remained live at the time of writing, while only 18.5% were removed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000097#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extremist creators use their profiles to signal ideologies, with 33% of analyzed accounts featuring references to hate or extremism in usernames, images, or biographies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000097#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Users employ various evasion tactics to bypass bans, including creating 'respawned' accounts with slightly altered usernames (e.g., adding 'v' and a number), restricting comments to avoid reports, and using alternative hashtag spellings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000097#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The research identified a trend of using 'vaporwave-inspired' retro and vintage filters to evoke nostalgia for a perceived 'purer' past with less diversity, often accompanying far-right narratives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000097#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"COVID-19 misinformation and conspiracies were used to target and threaten public health officials, including calls for the execution of Dr. Anthony Fauci and Bill Gates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000097#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["United States","Hungary","New Zealand","Canada","Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["content analysis","platform analysis","moderation audit"]}]}