{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["network mapping"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'network mapping' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=network+mapping","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"isdglo-000150","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000150","title":"Tangled Web","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Tangled-Web.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report provides a cross-platform analysis of harmful online activity in the UK, identifying a complex ecosystem where disinformation, conspiracy theories, and extremism interlink. Using a dataset of 768 UK-relevant accounts, the study finds that while explicit hate speech is a small proportion of total messaging, extremist actors maintain significant reach on platforms like Facebook and YouTube. The research highlights a 'hybridised' threat landscape where anti-vaccine and anti-government narratives often blend into overt white supremacy, and notes a growing migration toward 'alt-tech' platforms such as Bitchute and Odysee.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Accounts associated with hate speech and extremist content are more easily discoverable on the studied platforms than those associated with terrorism. Of the 768 UK-relevant accounts identified, only 55 met the project's definition of terrorism, with 42 of those supporting proscribed groups linked to Northern Ireland-related terrorism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is significant overlap and linguistic continuity between harmful conspiracists and white nationalist communities. Natural language processing identified nine interlinked linguistic communities, showing a spectrum that blends Covid-19 conspiracies, anti-immigration narratives, and opposition to the LGBTQ+ community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major social media platforms continue to host high-reach extremist content. Islamist extremist accounts on Facebook averaged over 568,000 followers among the top four accounts, while the largest UK extreme-right channel on YouTube had close to 2 million subscribers and some far-right Telegram channels exceeded 150,000 subscribers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"YouTube is the most frequently linked-to platform by the studied harmful actors, accounting for 78% of all external platform links (over 50,000 links). Additionally, accounts on 4chan, Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook regularly directed followers to Telegram.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a notable trend of UK-relevant harmful actors linking to 'alt-tech' platforms. Bitchute, Odysee, Gettr, and Rumble were each linked to more frequently than Facebook, Instagram, or Reddit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Explicit hate speech constitutes a very small fraction of the total messages sent by the identified harmful accounts, representing only 0.35% of overall messages. This suggests that extremists often promote supremacist worldviews through 'grey area' content that avoids overt dehumanisation to evade moderation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Among the detected hate speech, the highest proportion targeted individuals based on national origin (47%), followed by anti-Muslim hate speech (24%), antisemitism (15%), and anti-black hate speech (7%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Engagement levels varied by platform: 4chan's /pol/ board saw the highest volume of UK user activity with 1,891,328 comments. Telegram channels received 95,388,986 cumulative views, and YouTube videos from associated accounts were viewed 37,429,616 times.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Northern Ireland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["cross-platform analysis","network mapping","semantic clustering","hate speech classification"]},{"id":"isdglo-000083","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000083","title":"DENY, DECEIVE, DELAY","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Deny-Deceive-Delay-Vol.-2.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a resurgence of outright climate denial and the rise of 'culture war' narratives used to delay climate action. It highlights systemic greenwashing by fossil fuel entities on Meta and the algorithmic amplification of the #ClimateScam hashtag on Twitter. The analysis reveals that climate misinformation is increasingly integrated into broader 'anti-woke' and conspiratorial communities, with a small number of high-influence actors driving a significant portion of the engagement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000083#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between 1 September and 23 November 2022, fossil fuel-linked entities ran 3,781 active ads on Facebook and Instagram, spending approximately USD $3-4 million.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000083#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Energy Citizens, a PR and lobby group for the American Petroleum Institute, was the most prolific advertiser by volume, while America’s Plastic Makers spent roughly USD $1.1 million on climate-related campaigns.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000083#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"State-owned oil companies from Saudi Arabia, China, and Brazil used 'nature-rinsing' tactics on Meta to promote green credentials despite their governments' efforts to weaken fossil fuel phase-out ambitions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000083#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The hashtag #ClimateScam saw a sudden spike on Twitter in July 2022, accruing over 362,000 mentions from 91,000 unique users by December 2022.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000083#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Twitter's recommendation algorithm actively suggested #ClimateScam as a top result for organic searches of 'climate' during COP27, despite the hashtag having lower volume and engagement than #ClimateCrisis or #ClimateEmergency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000083#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis of high-engagement content shows that claims portraying climate actors as 'alarmist' received more likes than any other sub-claim, while claims that climate change is a 'hoax' or 'conspiracy' were more frequently shared.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000083#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Right-wing contrarians framed the COP27 'loss and damage' negotiations as unfair 'climate reparations' from the Global North to the developing world, often linking this to the UK cost of living crisis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000083#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate misinformation is increasingly shared by 'anti-woke' and COVID-sceptic communities; 22.27% of the COP27 misinformation network comprised COVID-sceptic figures, up from 12.35% in 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000083#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A small group of 12 key actors were identified as the most prolific amplifiers of the five monitored narratives, generating 343,862 shares in the four weeks surrounding COP27.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000083#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","greenwashing","Net-zero emissions","loss and damage","carbon capture and storage","electric vehicle","renewable energy","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["United States","United Kingdom","Saudi Arabia","People's Republic of China","Brazil","Australia","Canada","United Arab Emirates"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["social media analysis","network mapping","narrative analysis","advertising audit"]},{"id":"isdglo-000099","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000099","title":"Information Warfare and Wikipedia","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Information-Warfare-and-Wikipedia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes how Wikipedia is targeted by information warfare, including undisclosed paid editing, state-sponsored infiltration, and the use of biased sources. Through a case study of the English-language page on the Russo-Ukrainian war, researchers identified patterns where blocked editors used state-affiliated domains and split their edit histories across multiple accounts to evade detection. The document also highlights the risk of 'community capture' in non-English Wikipedias and the psychological toll on volunteer editors fighting these campaigns.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Wikipedia faces several specific threats from coordinated actors, including undisclosed paid editing for 'reputation management', the use of 'sock-puppets' (multiple deceptive identities), and 'entryism', where states attempt to infiltrate the community of administrators to change policies from within.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-English Wikipedias are susceptible to 'community capture', where a lack of editor diversity allows a specific ethno-linguistic or national group to distort content. An example is the Croatian-language Wikipedia, where editors promoted a 'fascist worldview' and whitewashed crimes of the Nazi-allied Ustashe regime.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In a case study of the English-language Russo-Ukrainian war page, researchers found that bad actors may use a strategy of dividing edits on similar pages across different accounts to avoid scrutiny.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis of 86 blocked editors on the Russo-Ukrainian war page revealed that 16 of 22 edits containing state-sponsored domains exhibited narratives consistent with Kremlin-sponsored information warfare, focusing on casting doubt on objectivity, altering historical narratives, and adding Kremlin press releases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Wikimedia Foundation took significant action in September 2021 by banning seven editors and removing administrator powers from 12 others linked to a mainland China group attempting to promote 'the aims of China'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Volunteer editors who defend key pages from systematic manipulation face burnout and targeted harassment, including aggressive messages on talk pages, reputation tarnishing, and the leaking of personal information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Ukraine","People's Republic of China","Croatia","Russia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","literature review","expert interviews","network mapping"]}]}