{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["network analysis"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":42,"relation":"eq"},"page":2,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=network+analysis&page=2","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=network+analysis&page=3","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"isdglo-000166","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000166","title":"Uisce Faoi Thalamh An Investigation Into the Online Mis- and Disinformation Ecosystem in Ireland","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Uisce-Faoi-Thalamh_Topic-Analysis.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies health as the most prominent topic of mis- and disinformation in Ireland, followed by Irish politics and immigration. It highlights the role of alternative media outlets like Gript and TheLiberal.ie in amplifying false narratives, and documents the use of conspiratorial tropes—such as the 'Great Replacement' and 'plantation' narratives—to fuel anti-immigrant sentiment and target political figures. The analysis also covers the spread of COVID-19 misinformation, anti-LGBTQ+ campaigns, climate change denial, and 5G conspiracy theories, noting a significant overlap between these themes and a tendency for narratives to be imported from international far-right movements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Health was the most discussed topic in the Irish mis- and disinformation ecosystem, accounting for 14.27% of the content produced between January 2020 and April 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Alternative media outlets Gript and TheLiberal.ie are central to the ecosystem; Gript was the most shared media platform for seven of the nine topics analysed and received 30% of all shares in the dataset.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Discussions regarding immigration surged in late 2022 and 2023, with the term 'plantation' being used as a localized version of the 'Great Replacement' conspiracy theory to frame asylum seekers as an enemy force intended to replace indigenous populations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Irish politics was the second most popular topic (8.1%), with high levels of threatening and violent rhetoric directed at senior government figures, including calls for politicians to be sent to the gallows.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Anti-LGBTQ+ narratives have increased significantly, with a 1571.5% increase in average daily posts from 2020 to 2023, often employing the 'groomer' slur to frame the community as a threat to children.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate-related disinformation often frames environmental action as a 'culture war' or a 'climate lockdown' conspiracy designed by global elites to restrict individual freedoms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Russia-Ukraine conflict (3.33% of content) saw the proliferation of pro-Kremlin narratives and the use of the sanctioned Russian state media outlet RT as a frequent reference point.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"5G conspiracy theories peaked during the early COVID-19 pandemic, with some users encouraging the vandalism and arson of telecom masts based on false claims that the technology was linked to the virus.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Conspiracy narratives involving the World Economic Forum (WEF) and the 'Great Reset' were the most popular within the conspiracy dataset, often linking these to a 'globalist' agenda for mass immigration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000166#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","carbon dioxide emissions","energy poverty","2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference"],"geography_discussed":["Dublin","Finglas","Dungarvan","East Wall","Ballymun","World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["narrative analysis","quantitative analysis","network analysis"]},{"id":"cssn-000013","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cssn-000013","title":"Conflicted transitions: Exploring the actors, tactics, and outcomes of social opposition against energy infrastructure","publisher":{"name":"Climate Social Science Network","organization":"climate-social-science-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2022-01-31","source_url":"https://cssn.org/conflicted-transitions-exploring-the-actors-tactics-and-outcomes-of-social-opposition-against-energy-infrastructure/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The research analyzes 130 case studies from the past decade to examine social mobilization against energy infrastructure, including low-carbon options. It identifies how national institutions and responses to global pressures influence the varying politics of energy transitions across different countries and energy types.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000013#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The study utilizes a literature review and a dataset of 130 case studies from the last ten years to analyze opposition to various energy infrastructures, including nuclear power and renewable energy, as well as the actors, tactics (such as protest or litigation), and outcomes (such as labor protections, concessions, policy change, or remuneration) associated with these events.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000013#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The politics of energy transitions in carbon-intensive regions differ significantly by country and energy type, with these variations explained by differences in national institutions and their reactions to supranational or global pressures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000013#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","renewable energy","nuclear power","energy infrastructure","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["comparative analysis","network analysis","frequency analysis"]},{"id":"grelat-000118","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/grelat-000118","title":"Los Eco-Ilógicos","publisher":{"name":"GreenLatinos","organization":"greenlatinos"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://www.greenlatinos.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/los-eco.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a multinational network of right-wing and libertarian actors in Latin America and Spain that amplify climate disinformation. These actors often translate English-language content and employ tactics such as coordinated sharing, recruitment of like-minded influencers, and the use of coded language to evade platform moderation. Key narratives include claims that 'global elites' fabricated climate change to consolidate power, that the UN's Agenda 2030 is a tool for population control, and that extreme weather is caused by geoengineering rather than climate change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"grelat-000118#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The network of climate disinformation in Spanish is not a cohesive group based in the United States, but rather a multinational network with distinct geographic communities in Spain and Latin America that serves as a conduit for disinformation reaching Spanish speakers in the U.S.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"grelat-000118#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Influential actors in the network are divided into two types: high-reach right-wing or libertarian figures who sporadically share climate content, and smaller-scale users who focus exclusively on climate disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"grelat-000118#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A primary tactic of the network is the translation and amplification of English-language content from prominent climate skeptics, such as Bjorn Lomborg, Michael Shellenberger, and Alex Jones, to reach Spanish-speaking audiences.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"grelat-000118#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To bypass social media content moderation, actors use coded language (e.g., referring to Bill Gates as 'Bill Puertas'), intentional misspellings of keywords like 'Agenda 2030', and direct users to platforms with laxer rules such as Telegram and Rumble.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"grelat-000118#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The network promotes several core disinformation narratives: that 'global elites' created the climate crisis for financial gain and power, that the UN Agenda 2030 is a conspiracy for population control, and that extreme weather is the result of geoengineering (including HAARP and 'chemtrails').","ai_generated":true,"unit":"grelat-000118#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The network frequently targets and attacks climate scientists, politicians, and activists, specifically portraying Greta Thunberg as a pawn of global elites and mocking Joe Biden for his use of a caravan while promoting electric vehicles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"grelat-000118#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","geoengineering"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Spain","Latin America","Argentina","Chile","Uruguay"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["network analysis","content analysis"]},{"id":"foei-000965","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-000965","title":"Exponer la captura corporativa de la Cumbre de la ONU sobre los Sistemas Alimentarios mediante el enfoque de múltiples partes interesadas","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2021-11","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Exponer-la-captura-corporativa-de-la-Cumbre-de-la-ONU-sobre-los-Sistemas-Alimentarios-mediante-el-enfoque-de-multiples-partes-interesadas.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that the UN Food Systems Summit has been 'captured' by corporate interests through the use of multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs), which shift governance from state-led multilateralism to a model dominated by transnational corporations and philanthropic foundations. An analysis of 26 MSIs reveals that the private sector holds the most influence, often occupying leadership roles. The document highlights the roles of the World Economic Forum (WEF), the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), and the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) in promoting industrial agriculture and 'nature-positive' solutions that the authors claim are 'false solutions' designed to maintain corporate dominance. It specifically criticizes the appointment of AGRA's president as the UN Special Envoy for the Summit as a conflict of interest and details how companies like Nestlé and Shell use nature-based solutions to offset emissions without reducing production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000965#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The UN Food Systems Summit represents a shift from state-led multilateralism to a 'multi-stakeholder' governance model, which allows transnational corporations to lead international policy, financing, and governance while promoting corporate-friendly solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000965#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"An examination of 26 multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) in food and agriculture shows that the corporate private sector is the most influential group, frequently serving as chairs or vice-chairs of decision-making bodies, while UN agencies rank only fourth in influence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000965#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The World Economic Forum (WEF) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) are primary corporate drivers of the Summit, with the WEF having signed a strategic agreement with the UN in June 2019 to expand multi-stakeholder governance into food and climate sectors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000965#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), founded by the Gates and Rockefeller foundations, promotes industrial agriculture and seed patenting in Africa; its president, Agnes Kalibata, serves as the UN Special Envoy for the Summit, which the report identifies as a conflict of interest.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000965#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Corporate 'nature-based solutions' are criticized as fraudulent offsets; for example, Nestlé plans to increase production of industrial dairy and livestock by 68% by 2030 while using carbon offsets, and Shell plans to offset 120 million tonnes of CO2 annually by 2030 through extensive tree planting.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000965#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) exerts significant influence over food governance financing, with 50% of its grants distributed among CGIAR, AGRA, AATF, the World Bank, and UN agencies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000965#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Summit's 'Action Track 3' (Boost Nature-Positive Food Production at Scale), there is a stark imbalance of representation: 29 private sector corporations and 26 MSI leadership teams are present, compared to only one indigenous group.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-000965#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food system","nature-based solutions","carbon offset","climate change","biodiversity loss","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Africa","Switzerland","Sweden","Norway","Brazil"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["governance analysis","network analysis","policy critique"]},{"id":"cssn-000041","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cssn-000041","title":"The Mises Institute Network and Climate Policy. 9 Findings","publisher":{"name":"Climate Social Science Network","organization":"climate-social-science-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-07","source_url":"https://cssn.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/CSSN-Mises-Research-Report.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes the Mises Institute Network, a global group of ultra-libertarian think tanks, and its efforts to obstruct climate change mitigation. It finds that the network uses the philosophy of Ludwig von Mises to argue against state intervention and climate science, promoting 'free-market environmentalism' instead. While climate change was not a primary focus before 2016, there was a significant spike in opposition content in 2019, coinciding with the U.S. and EU Green Deal proposals. The network operates across 25 countries, utilizing social media and university presence to recruit young activists and employing climate contrarians to spread its messaging.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000041#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Mises Network utilizes the philosophy of Ludwig von Mises to provide a structured set of arguments against climate change mitigation, focusing on radical anti-government interventionism, critiques of climate science, and opposition to social movements supporting mitigation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000041#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The network promotes 'free-market environmentalism' and market democracy as superior alternatives to state-led climate policy, viewing government intervention as a form of 'eco-dictatorship'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000041#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Mises Network expanded globally from 2000 onward and maintained a presence in 25 countries as of 2021, with origins in the U.S. Mises Institute founded in 1982.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000041#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There was a marked increase in the network's focus on climate change starting in 2016, with a specific spike in published articles in 2019 linked to the U.S. Green New Deal and the European Union Green Deal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000041#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The network employs climate contrarians and economists, such as Robert P. Murphy, to disseminate obstruction discourse through research, op-eds, and books, rather than relying on climate or environment researchers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000041#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mises Institutes use social media and university outreach to recruit young people and activists, with the U.S. Institute showing higher web traffic than other major denial sources like the Heartland Institute.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000041#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While fossil industry funding is not explicitly evidenced due to lack of transparency, the network has ties to various business groups, including tobacco companies in the U.S., gold and investment firms in Germany, and financial groups in Sweden.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000041#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change mitigation","climate policy","Green New Deal","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Germany","Spain","Sweden","Brazil","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["network analysis","content analysis","policy analysis"]},{"id":"sei-001576","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001576","title":"Interactions among the Sustainable Development Goals in Sri Lanka","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-05","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/sdg-synergies-in-sri-lanka-report.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that SDG implementation in Sri Lanka is highly synergistic, with only 2% of direct interactions between analyzed targets being restricting. Key 'accelerators' with the highest outward influence include policy coherence, reducing corruption, and climate change capacity. Conversely, targets like drinking water and housing show the lowest outward influence due to potential trade-offs with environmental and resource management. The study emphasizes that because targets are closely intertwined, Sri Lanka requires cross-sectoral collaboration rather than siloed approaches.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001576#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The overall interaction between the 36 analyzed SDG targets in Sri Lanka is overwhelmingly positive, with only 2% of direct interactions identified as trade-offs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001576#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Three specific targets act as systemic 'accelerators' with the highest potential to promote progress across the entire set of analyzed goals: strengthening policy coherence, reducing corruption, and enhancing climate change capacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001576#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Access to drinking water and expanded decent housing have the lowest outward influence, primarily because their implementation can create restricting influences on other targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001576#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Agricultural and economic productivity are the targets most heavily influenced by progress in other areas, meaning they receive the highest degree of inward influence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001576#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Access to information and reduced corruption are the least influenced by other targets, suggesting they require specific, targeted interventions to achieve progress.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001576#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Progress on social protection (target 1.3) promotes economic development, food security, and equality without restricting any other analyzed targets, though it is weakly restricted by sustainable resource management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001576#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food, nutrition, and agriculture targets (2.1-2.4) are highly synergistic and promote most other targets, but increased agricultural productivity can create trade-offs with water quality and forest conservation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001576#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While improving access to drinking water (target 6.1) promotes health, education, and gender equality, it can restrict water quality, water-related ecosystems, and natural resources due to poor monitoring and institutional coordination.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001576#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Improved housing (target 11.1) promotes poverty reduction and drinking water access but can restrict water quality, transportation efficiency, and natural resource management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001576#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The high level of interconnectedness among all analyzed targets suggests that Sri Lanka should avoid siloed, sector-based approaches in favor of collaborative processes representing all goals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001576#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change mitigation","climate change adaptation","sustainable agriculture","water management","natural resource management","renewable energy","social protection","poverty reduction","gender equality","urban development","food security"],"geography_discussed":["Nuwara Eliya District","Colombo","North Central Province","Northern Province"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["network analysis","cross-impact analysis","expert assessment"]},{"id":"sei-001953","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001953","title":"Understanding the interactions of Sustainable Development Goals in Sri Lanka","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2021-05","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/sri-lanka-sdg-synergies-brief.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The analysis of 36 SDG targets in Sri Lanka reveals a highly synergistic environment where only 2% of direct interactions are restricting. The most significant 'accelerators' for the entire agenda are strengthening policy coherence, reducing corruption, and enhancing climate change capacity. Conversely, expanding access to drinking water and decent housing present the highest risks of trade-offs, particularly regarding natural resource management and water wastage. The findings emphasize that most trade-offs are non-deterministic and can be mitigated through mindful implementation and institutional coordination.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001953#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The interactions between the 36 analyzed SDG targets in Sri Lanka are overwhelmingly synergistic, with only 2% of all direct interactions identified as restricting.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001953#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Three specific targets act as 'accelerators' that provide the greatest potential to promote progress across the entire set of analyzed goals: policy coherence (target 17.14), reducing corruption (target 16.5), and building climate change capacity (target 13.3).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001953#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Increasing access to drinking water (target 6.1) and expanding safe and affordable housing (target 11.1) are the targets most likely to undermine progress in other areas, requiring careful implementation to mitigate trade-offs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001953#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While progress in food, nutrition, and agriculture (targets 2.1-2.4) generally supports poverty reduction and economic development, increasing agricultural productivity may create trade-offs with deforestation, water pollution, and environmental sustainability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001953#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Improving access to drinking water can enhance labor productivity and education by reducing water-borne diseases, but it may restrict the management of freshwater and marine ecosystems due to risks of water wastage and poor institutional coordination.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001953#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Expanding affordable housing can reduce poverty by increasing household assets, but it may negatively impact water, transportation, and natural resource management depending on building materials, energy sources, and city expansion locations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001953#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Sustainable Development Goals","agricultural productivity","water management","deforestation","water pollution","social protection","affordable housing"],"geography_discussed":["Nuwara Eliya District"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systemic review","network analysis","cross-impact matrix"]},{"id":"isdglo-000109","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000109","title":"An Online Environmental Scan of Right-wing Extremism in Canada","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/ISDs-An-Online-Environmental-Scan-of-Right-wing-Extremism-in-Canada.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a resilient and multifaceted online ecosystem for Canadian right-wing extremists (RWEs), noting that while mainstream platform enforcement (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube) removes some content, new channels quickly emerge. The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a significant driver of activity, with 38.8% of coded messages relating to the pandemic, often focusing on conspiracy theories and anti-government sentiment. Canadian RWEs exhibit a strong internationalist outlook, mentioning the US more than Canada. While overt hate speech is a small proportion of total activity on mainstream sites, fringe platforms like 4chan and Telegram host more explicit racism, neo-Nazi imagery, and accelerationist content, including instructional material for violence. The report recommends government regulation of platforms, algorithmic auditing, and international coordination on RWE designations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000109#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Canadian RWE activity on social media showed growth in 2020 compared to 2019 on several platforms, with content production increasing by 66.5% on 4chan and 8.2% on Facebook.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000109#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic was the primary driver of conversation among Canadian RWEs in 2020, accounting for 38.8% of all messages that could be categorized by topic.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000109#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Canadian RWEs demonstrate a strong transnational orientation, mentioning the United States nearly twice as often as they mention Canada.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000109#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mainstream platform enforcement has a limited long-term effect; while many 2019 accounts were removed, new channels emerged, leaving the total ecosystem size on Facebook and YouTube relatively consistent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000109#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fringe platforms like 4chan and Telegram host significantly more explicit and violent content than mainstream platforms, including neo-Nazi imagery and accelerationist guides on guerrilla tactics and 3D printed firearms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000109#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Canadian RWEs act as hubs for disinformation, exemplified by a 4chan-seeded campaign using a fake CBC article to claim Prime Minister Justin Trudeau promised military intervention in the US.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000109#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ethnonationalism is the most common ideological subcategory of RWE operating across the analyzed platforms, as these groups are often more effective at avoiding terms-of-service breaches through euphemistic language.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000109#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Incel communities in Canada glorify mass murderers such as Alek Minassian and Marc Lépine, viewing them as heroes or 'saints' within the movement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000109#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Geographic analysis of mentions shows that while Ontario is the most mentioned province, Alberta is a disproportionate outlier due to discussions regarding the 'Wexit' movement and Albertan independence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000109#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["United States","Ontario","Alberta","Quebec","British Columbia","People's Republic of China","United Kingdom","France","Germany","Israel","Toronto","Red Deer"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["environmental scan","social media analysis","network analysis","qualitative analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000112","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000112","title":"Layers of Lies: A First Look at Irish Far-Right Activity on Telegram","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/Layers-of-Lies.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines 34 Irish far-right Telegram channels, revealing a massive increase in activity between 2019 and 2020. It details how these communities use the platform's limited moderation to target minorities, LGBTQ+ individuals, and political opponents through orchestrated disinformation campaigns. Case studies show the far-right's role in inciting racial tension following the shooting of George Nkencho, spreading false claims about a house fire in Balbriggan, and launching a homophobic smear campaign against Minister Roderic O'Gorman. The analysis also highlights a significant intersection between far-right actors and COVID-19 conspiracy networks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000112#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There was a massive surge in Irish far-right activity on Telegram between 2019 and 2020, with the number of messages increasing by 7,438%. In 2019, a small number of channels posted 801 messages, whereas 34 channels posted 60,377 messages in 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000112#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Far-right Telegram channels in Ireland orchestrate disinformation campaigns to incite racial and social tension. Following the shooting of George Nkencho, channels provided specific instructions to followers to 'make memes, dig up stats, turn on your VPN and get trolling' and to use racial slurs like 'joggers' to provoke Black people on other social media platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000112#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Irish far-right uses Telegram to launch targeted harassment and homophobic smear campaigns. A campaign against Minister Roderic O'Gorman used the platform to amplify baseless claims that he was a 'paedophile apologist', which then served as an entry point for wider attacks against the LGBTQ+ community in Ireland.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000112#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Far-right actors use Telegram to spread racist tropes and disinformation about specific locations. In Balbriggan, channels promoted the false claim that a house fire was caused by 'African drug gangs', leveraging a pre-existing narrative that synonymises Blackness with criminality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000112#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant intersection between far-right movements and COVID-19 conspiracy networks in Ireland. Analysis of nine COVID-19 conspiracy channels found that 9% of all messages originated from a far-right source, with some individual far-right activists exerting high influence across the entire network.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000112#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Hostility toward mainstream media and researchers is a core tactic of the Irish far-right. During anti-mask protests and the Nkencho incident, channels used Telegram to label news reports as 'blatant lies' and spread conspiracy theories that researchers from the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) were funded by MI5.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000112#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Dublin","Balbriggan","Galway","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["digital analysis","case study","network analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000158","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000158","title":"The networks and narratives of anti-refugee disinformation in Europe","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/The-networks-and-narratives-of-anti-migrant-discourse-in-Europe.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a network of nearly 5,000 social media accounts producing over 280,000 messages in 2020 to spread anti-refugee disinformation. It highlights how key events, such as the Evros border crisis and the Moria camp fires, served as flashpoints for transnational mobilisation. The research demonstrates a significant overlap between mainstream political parties—such as the AfD in Germany and New Democracy in Greece—and far-right extremist ecosystems. Common narratives include the 'Great Replacement' conspiracy, the depiction of refugees as 'invaders' or 'soldiers', and the targeting of NGOs with claims of criminal complicity in human smuggling. The report concludes that anti-migrant discourse is increasingly transnational and integrated into broader geopolitical tensions, such as Greek-Turkish relations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000158#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The study identified a network of 4,937 social media channels across Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, and Instagram that produced 280,627 posts in 2020. This included 1,117 Greek channels (99,013 messages), 950 German channels (54,342 messages), and 2,870 English channels (127,284 messages).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000158#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Far-right extremism is highly transnational, with 60% of the analysed sub-groups containing far-right elements. The refugee crisis activated networks not only in Europe but also in Canada, Australia, and the United States.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000158#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a documented overlap between mainstream political actors and far-right extremists. In Germany, 41% of the German language network showed interconnection between channels associated with the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) and far-right extremist channels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000158#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Elected officials have amplified anti-refugee disinformation. In Greece, comments by New Democracy government spokesperson Stelios Petsas regarding refugee deaths at the border were widely shared. In Germany, AfD Bundestag member Johannes Huber described refugees as 'oriental invaders'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000158#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific events acted as catalysts for spikes in activity: the Evros border incident in March 2020 and the Moria refugee camp fires in September 2020. German language activity surged by 115% during the Evros crisis, while Greek language activity surged by 75% around the Moria fires.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000158#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"NGOs are frequent targets of disinformation, often accused of being part of conspiracies to 'Islamise' Europe or replace native populations. Specific claims in Greece and Germany suggested NGOs were involved in smuggling drugs and people.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000158#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Anti-refugee narratives are often merged with broader geopolitical tensions. In Greece, refugees are depicted as a 'weapon' of the Turkish state, with claims that Turkey inserts 'saboteurs and jihadists' into refugee flows to destabilise the country.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000158#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Transnational mobilisation is evidenced by activists travelling across borders to produce content. German activist Rebecca Sommer travelled to Lesvos to document the Moria fires, producing content that stoked anti-NGO sentiment in both Germany and Greece.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000158#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","climate change disinformation","human rights","climate migration"],"geography_discussed":["Evros Prefecture","Lesbos","Turkey","United Kingdom","Canada","Australia","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["network analysis","qualitative content analysis","case study"]},{"id":"sei-002096","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002096","title":"Promoviendo una implementación coherente de la dimensión ambiental de los ODS en Colombia","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2020-09","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/201218-ortiz-lobos-colombia-sdgs-onu-medio-ambiente-working-paper.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This report by the Stockholm Environment Institute and UNEP analyzes the synergies between SDG targets in Colombia and the department of Antioquia. Using a cross-impact matrix and network analysis, the study identifies 'catalytic' goals—those that most positively influence others—to inform the implementation of the National Development Plan (PND) 2018-2022. Key findings highlight that while national priorities focus on sustainable production and urban impact, regional priorities in Antioquia center on sustainable agriculture, demonstrating that SDG interactions are highly dependent on local contexts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002096#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"At the national level, the most catalytic goal is target 8.4, which focuses on efficient production and consumption and decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation. This target positively influences at least eight other goals, including those related to agricultural resilience (2.4), water access (6.1), and terrestrial ecosystem use (15.1).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002096#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The second most catalytic goal nationally is target 11.6, concerning the negative impact of cities. It is noted for its high impact on reducing marine pollution (14.1) and increasing the resilience of vulnerable communities (1.5).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002096#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the regional analysis for Antioquia, target 2.4 (sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices) is the most influential goal. It strongly impacts the resilience of poor and vulnerable populations (1.5), water quality (6.3), and the reduction of chemical pollution (12.4).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002096#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The regional analysis in Antioquia revealed more negative interactions than the national analysis. These primarily involve conflicts between energy production (7.2) and drinking water availability (6.1), as well as private sector development (8.3) and the quality of natural resources (15.1).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002096#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study identifies that the most impacted goals nationally are target 15.1 (conservation and restoration of forests) and target 1.5 (reducing disaster effects), meaning their progress is highly dependent on the actions taken toward other goals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002096#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to negatively affect the achievement of the 2030 Agenda in Colombia, potentially reversing poverty levels (SDG 1) to those of two decades ago and risking the employment of 15 million people.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002096#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Sustainable Development Goals","circular economy","green growth","water management","forest conservation","sustainable agriculture","climate policy","renewable energy","greenhouse gas emissions","biodiversity conservation"],"geography_discussed":["Bogotá","Medellín"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["synergy analysis","cross-impact matrix","network analysis","policy alignment"]},{"id":"isdglo-000064","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000064","title":"An Online Environmental Scan of Right-wing Extremism in Canada","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2020","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/An-Online-Environmental-Scan-of-Right-wing-Extremism-in-Canada-ISD.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a significant online presence of right-wing extremism in Canada, involving 6,660 accounts and channels across seven platforms with a collective reach of over 11 million users. While ethnonationalists are the most prevalent group on mainstream platforms like Facebook and Twitter, explicit white supremacist activity is concentrated on fringe sites such as Iron March and Fascist Forge. The study finds that RWE activity spikes around key events, specifically the Christchurch attack and the 2019 Canadian federal election, with anti-Muslim and anti-Trudeau rhetoric serving as primary drivers of conversation. Offline findings indicate a growth in RWE activity in the Maritime provinces and an increasing fascination with paramilitary training and weaponry among groups like the Three Percenters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000064#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Researchers identified 6,660 right-wing extremist entities across seven platforms, including 6,352 Twitter accounts, 130 Facebook pages and groups, 32 YouTube channels, 42 Gab accounts, 88 Iron March accounts, and 31 Fascist Forge accounts, collectively reaching over 11 million users.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000064#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ethnonationalists constitute the largest RWE community on mainstream platforms, representing 60% of communities on Twitter, 53% on Facebook, and 46% on YouTube. In contrast, white supremacists dominate fringe platforms, accounting for 100% of identified Canadian users on Fascist Forge and 72% on Iron March.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000064#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"RWE online activity experienced significant spikes in March 2019, linked to the Christchurch attack, and in October 2019, linked to the Canadian federal election.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000064#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mainstream platform users rarely use explicit extremist language; only 1% of identified Canadian RWE Twitter users were 'prolific' (12+ extremist tweets in 2019), and only 0.7% of posts by RWE-associated Facebook pages and groups contained anti-minority slurs or extremist slang.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000064#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Anti-Muslim and anti-government rhetoric targeting Justin Trudeau are the most prominent themes. Muslims were the most discussed minority on Facebook and the primary target of hate speech (23%), while Justin Trudeau was mentioned in 11.4% of RWE Facebook posts and 28% of analyzed YouTube content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000064#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Offline analysis indicates that RWE activity has grown in the Maritime provinces and that there is an increasing focus on paramilitary training and weaponry, exemplified by the Three Percenters in Alberta and Quebec.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000064#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Canadian users are highly active on extreme fringe boards; they represent the third largest nationality using 4chan's /pol/ board after the US and UK, and were the third largest community on Iron March during its activity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000064#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fascist Forge targets a young, male demographic, with some prospective users claiming to be as young as 15, suggesting that recruitment efforts targeting Generation Z may be effective.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000064#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["United States","United Kingdom","Australia","Ontario","Quebec","British Columbia","Toronto","Montreal","Vancouver"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["environmental scan","network analysis","qualitative analysis","natural language processing"]},{"id":"sei-001620","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001620","title":"SDGs and the environment in the EU: A systems view to improve coherence","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-10","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/sei-2019-pr-weitz-sdg-synergies-eu-env.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report applies the SDG Synergies approach to eight environmental targets in the EU to identify synergies and trade-offs with other Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It finds that while most interactions are promoting, significant trade-offs exist, particularly with SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure). Targets 12.4 (chemicals and waste management) and 13.1 (climate adaptation) are identified as having the highest synergistic potential to drive overall progress on the 2030 Agenda in the EU context.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001620#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The analysis identifies Target 12.4 (environmentally sound management of chemicals and wastes) and Target 13.1 (climate adaptation and disaster resilience) as having the highest synergistic potential among the eight environmental targets studied in the EU.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001620#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Across the 21 goals and targets analyzed for the EU, approximately 70% of interactions were found to be promoting, while less than 20% were restricting.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001620#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) is identified as one of the most challenging goals, as it was assessed to hinder progress on all selected environmental targets except for Target 13.1.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001620#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Progress on environmental targets in the EU is generally mutually supportive of SDG 3, 4, 5, 6, 16, and 17, but faces more challenging relationships with SDG 1, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001620#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Second-order (indirect) interactions can reveal hidden trade-offs; for example, while Target 13.2 (climate mainstreaming) directly promotes SDG 7 (Clean Energy), progress on SDG 7 can indirectly restrict progress on five environmental targets and SDGs 2 and 6.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001620#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report highlights a specific short-term trade-off where wind power expansion, promoted by EU energy policy to meet climate goals, can negatively impact biodiversity and ecosystems through habitat loss and bird/bat mortality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001620#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"SDG 16 (Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) were found to have the strongest overall positive influence on all other targets and goals in the EU analysis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001620#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Sustainable Development Goals","climate change adaptation","circular economy","waste management","renewable energy","offshore wind power","biodiversity","ecological restoration","industrial emission"],"geography_discussed":["Sweden"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["network analysis","cross-impact analysis","qualitative assessment"]},{"id":"sei-002697","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002697","title":"Visualizing connections: Mapping the landscape of adaptation research and practice through weADAPT","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2015-09","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate/SEI-WP-2015-08-CAMA-weADAPT-visualization.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The CAMA project combined weADAPT's semantic tagging with Gephi visualization software to analyze the landscape of climate adaptation. By mapping relationships between organizations, keywords, and geography, the project identified 'hot topics', research gaps, and the role of bridging networks like SUMERNET in Southeast Asia. The analysis demonstrated how ICT tools can reveal patterns in complex datasets to inform strategic planning and identify potential collaborations for the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) in Africa and Asia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002697#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The project identified several highly active organizations on the weADAPT platform, including the Climate System Analysis Group (CSAG) at the University of Cape Town, ENDA Tiers-monde, START, the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), and AfricaAdapt, which are characterized by their high degree centrality and use of common keywords such as \"social vulnerability\", \"vulnerability\" and \"risk\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002697#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Geographic analysis of the weADAPT dataset as of April 2014 revealed a high proportion of community-based adaptation case studies globally, with a concentration of adaptation decision-making projects in the UK, and a notable lack of case studies from North America, Australia, and Russia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002697#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Southeast Asia, the Sustainable Mekong Research Network (SUMERNET) acts as a critical bridging network for SEI, facilitating connections to countries such as Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam that SEI would otherwise not reach through direct engagement, and opening research areas in forestry and flooding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002697#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"SEI's adaptation research in East Africa is characterized by distinct focal areas by country: Tanzania shows a high volume of research on biophysical issues through partnerships with IUCN and WWF, while Kenya's focus is on health and disease modelling, coastal adaptation, rural institutions, fisheries, and forced migration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002697#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project demonstrated that repeated mapping over time can reveal evolving research dynamics; for example, a niche community using agent-based modelling grew between 2013 and 2014 to include new organizations in Bangladesh and further work from the University of Oxford.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002697#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors conclude that while visualization tools can reveal complex patterns and identify collaborative opportunities, the process is not neutral and is limited by the quality of metadata and tagging, requiring clear research questions and regular feedback from boundary partners to be effective.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002697#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","Community based adaptation","forestry","flood","coastal management"],"geography_discussed":["Thailand","Bangladesh","Kenya","Tanzania","Vietnam","United Kingdom","Myanmar","Cambodia","Laos","Indonesia","Philippines","Djibouti","Uganda"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["network analysis","geographic analysis","thematic analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-003501","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003501","title":"An Experiment With Social Network Analysis: Assessing the scope and scale of IISD’s relationships on Internet governance to test the usefulness of social network analysis for network evaluation","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2008","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/social_network_analysis.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report uses a case study of IISD's Internet governance relationships to test social network analysis (SNA). It finds that while SNA provides valuable insights into network gaps—specifically weak connections with developing nations—the high cost, complexity, and need for specialized expertise make it a challenging tool for resource-limited policy networks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003501#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The IISD network of relationships on Internet governance is relatively dense, with a calculated density of 44.8 per cent, which is significantly higher than results in other similar studies that often produced results below 20 per cent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003501#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) are the most prominent institutional types in the network, representing 44 per cent of links, while private sector links are marginal at 5 per cent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003501#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a correlation between the centrality of a network actor and the formality of their relationship with IISD; more central actors tend to have more formal links.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003501#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Geographic analysis reveals that IISD's connections are strongest in developed nations, specifically North America and Europe, while links with less-developed nations are weaker.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003501#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The SNA experiment led to specific strategic organizational changes at IISD, including the appointment of two new Associates to strengthen connections with governments in Europe and developing countries, and with NGOs and the technical community in Africa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003501#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"SNA is identified as a costly and labor-intensive process that requires specialized software and external expertise, which may be prohibitively expensive for research and policy networks operating on limited budgets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003501#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable development"],"geography_discussed":["Canada","North America","Europe","Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","network analysis","methodological evaluation"]},{"id":"caad-000048","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000048","title":"DENY, DECEIVE, DELAY","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/DDD_ExposingClimateDisinfo-COP27.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a resurgence of climate denial and the rise of 'delayism' during COP27, highlighting how fossil fuel-linked entities used Meta's advertising tools for greenwashing and how Twitter's algorithms surfaced the #ClimateScam hashtag despite lower engagement than pro-climate terms. It details a 'narrative playbook' where climate action is framed as an elitist plot or a 'culture war' issue, often overlapping with anti-vaccine and right-wing conspiracy communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000048#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between 1 September and 23 November 2022, fossil fuel-linked entities ran 3,781 active ads on Facebook and Instagram, spending approximately USD $3-4 million. Energy Citizens, a PR group for the American Petroleum Institute, produced more daily ads than all other monitored pages combined.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000048#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The hashtag #ClimateScam saw a significant spike on Twitter starting in July 2022, accruing over 362,000 mentions from 91,000 unique users by December. Despite having lower volume and engagement than #ClimateCrisis or #ClimateEmergency, Twitter's organic search and hashtag suggestions frequently recommended #ClimateScam as a top result during COP27.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000048#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"State-owned oil companies and initiatives used 'nature-rinsing' tactics on Meta to project green credentials. The Saudi Green Initiative promoted goals to plant 10 billion trees and reach carbon neutrality by 2060, while Petrobras and the Chinese National Petroleum Company (CNPC) touted sustainable transitions and carbon capture and storage (CCS) despite continuing high fossil fuel production.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000048#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Carbon Major companies, including Shell, Chevron, and ExxonMobil, used advertising to promote Net Zero goals and technologies like biofuels and hydrogen, which the report notes is often contradictory to their actual investment portfolios.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000048#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Anti-climate narratives at COP27 shifted toward 'culture wars' and conspiracism. The most engaging content often framed climate actors as 'alarmist' or presented climate action as part of a 'Great Reset' plot by global elites to exert control and destroy capitalism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000048#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Loss and Damage' mechanism negotiated at COP27 was co-opted by right-wing actors who framed it as 'climate reparations' and an unfair transfer of wealth from the Global North to the developing world, often linking this to the UK's cost of living crisis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000048#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A small group of high-influence accounts drives a large portion of climate misinformation. Twelve identified actors produced 388 posts that garnered 343,862 shares between 29 October and 27 November 2022, with many of these accounts also promoting claims about electoral fraud and COVID-19 vaccinations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000048#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Network analysis reveals a strong overlap between climate misinformation and other conspiratorial communities. In the COP27 network, 22.27% of the map comprised COVID-sceptic figures, an increase from 12.35% in 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000048#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","greenwashing","Net-zero emissions","carbon capture and storage","loss and damage","fossil fuel","renewable energy","electric vehicle","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["United States","United Kingdom","Saudi Arabia","People's Republic of China","Brazil","Canada","Australia","United Arab Emirates"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["social media analysis","advertising analysis","network analysis","narrative analysis"]},{"id":"caad-000049","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/caad-000049","title":"COP28 Pre-Summit Report","publisher":{"name":"Climate Action Against Disinformation","organization":"climate-action-against-disinformation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://caad.info/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Deny-Deceive-Delay-Vol.-3-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies three primary ecosystems driving climate mis- and disinformation: the 'attention economy' of online influencers, state-affiliated networks (specifically Russia), and the fossil fuel lobby. It details how the #ClimateScam hashtag has gained prominence on X, how ad tech companies monetise websites hosting climate denial, how Russian state media instrumentalises climate topics for geopolitical influence, and how fossil fuel companies use Facebook advertising for greenwashing. The document argues that these efforts undermine the public mandate for Net Zero and calls for structural changes to digital platform incentives and greater transparency in ad tech.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000049#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The hashtag #ClimateScam, used to promote denialist and conspiratorial content, has seen increased prominence on X (formerly Twitter) since 2022, outperforming #ClimateCrisis and #ClimateEmergency in monthly retweets and likes between December 2022 and October 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000049#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The virality of #ClimateScam on X is driven by a small group of high-engagement accounts, including Wide Awake Media, Tony Heller, Tom Fitton, and Anastasia Maria Loupis. The hashtag is also consistently recommended by X's autocomplete search function.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000049#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Over 150 ad exchanges, including those owned by Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Yahoo, enable the monetisation of climate mis- and disinformation on 15 key websites, such as Breitbart, Newsmax, and The Washington Times, despite having policies that ostensibly prohibit such content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000049#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Russian state media accounts use climate and energy topics as tools for geopolitical influence rather than consistent scientific messaging. They 'play both sides' by framing renewable energy and fossil fuels differently depending on whether the target audience is in Western countries or the Global South.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000049#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Russian state-affiliated networks promote the continued extraction of fossil fuels globally, provided it is funded by Russia or its allies, and use pejorative framing (such as 'Klima-Kleber' or 'Climate Gollum') to discredit climate activists and figures like Greta Thunberg.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000049#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Between 1 January and 31 October 2023, 13 fossil fuel companies spent between $4.13 million and $5.21 million on Facebook ads labelled as 'Social Issues, Elections or Politics', achieving at least 246 million impressions. Shell, ExxonMobil, BP, and TotalEnergies accounted for approximately 98% of this spend.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000049#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Chinese National Petroleum Company (CNPC) specifically targeted countries in the Global South, particularly in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, with ads that used natural imagery to promote both renewable energy and oil and gas extraction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"caad-000049#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","greenwashing","energy transition","Net-zero emissions","renewable energy","petroleum industry","carbon capture and storage"],"geography_discussed":["United Arab Emirates","United States","Canada","Greece","Spain","Portugal","Norway","Australia","United Kingdom","People's Republic of China","Germany","European Union","Russia","France","Sweden","Netherlands","Denmark","South Africa","Iran","Uganda","Equatorial Guinea","Niger","Bangladesh","Turkey","Egypt","Hungary","India","Belgium"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","network analysis","monitoring report"]},{"id":"cssn-000035","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cssn-000035","title":"Silencing the Voice: the fossil-fuelled Atlas Network’s campaign against constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australia","publisher":{"name":"Climate Social Science Network","organization":"climate-social-science-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cssn.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/8813-Article-Text-40601-1-10-20230930.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The author contends that the 'No' campaign against the Australian Indigenous Voice to Parliament is not a grassroots movement but a strategic operation by the Atlas Network, a global infrastructure of neoliberal think-tanks. The paper links this effort to a long-term pattern of climate disinformation and opposition to environmental policy, suggesting that the Voice is opposed because it could empower Indigenous communities to challenge fossil-fuel projects. The author details the interlocking memberships between the Atlas Network, the Mont Pelerin Society, and Australian political figures, arguing that these networks use 'astroturfing' and disinformation to shift public opinion in favor of corporate interests.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000035#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 'No' campaign against the Voice to Parliament is led by Advance Australia and is integrated into the global Atlas Network, an umbrella organization coordinating over 500 'think-tanks' across 99 countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000035#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Atlas Network's Australian outposts, including the Centre for Independent Studies (CIS) and the Institute of Public Affairs (IPA), share the same methods and goals as the network's global campaign against climate policy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000035#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Opposition to the Voice is motivated by fears that an Indigenous advisory body would strengthen the ability of First Nations communities to legally challenge fossil-fuel projects in areas such as the Murujuga/Burrup, Pilliga, and Tiwi Island gas basins.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000035#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Atlas Network utilizes a strategy of 'astroturfing'—creating a false impression of grassroots support—and employs 'second-hand dealers in ideas' like journalists to disseminate corporate agendas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000035#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Centre for Independent Studies (CIS) was established in 1976 with foundation grants from major resource companies, including Santos, Shell, BHP, and Rio Tinto, to counter the Whitlam government's policies on resource sovereignty and Aboriginal land rights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000035#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The author identifies a pattern of 'authoritarian neoliberalism' where the Atlas Network and the Mont Pelerin Society seek to immunize corporations from democratic intervention while capturing state coercive powers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000035#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The paper links the Australian 'No' campaign to similar international efforts, such as the Macdonald-Laurier Institute's campaign in Canada to remove barriers to oil and gas projects by opposing the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000035#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document asserts that the Atlas Network's influence extends into the Liberal Party of Australia, citing the membership of former Prime Minister John Howard in the Mont Pelerin Society.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000035#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel industry","climate change disinformation","extractive industry","climate policy","renewable energy","carbon tax","environmental law","United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change"],"geography_discussed":["Canada","Hungary","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["political analysis","historical analysis","network analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000052","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000052","title":"Die Grünen als Feindbilder während der Gaspreiskrise 2022","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"de","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/2023-08-15-NOTORIOUS_Dokumentation2.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes how disinformation actors, including right-wing influencers and AfD politicians, targeted the Green Party during the 2022 gas crisis. Using a dataset of over 1.2 million Twitter posts, the study finds that the Greens were mentioned more than twice as often as any other party, frequently as targets of narratives that blamed them for energy shortages while ignoring Russia's role in the crisis. Key narrative clusters identified include claims that the stop of Nord Stream 2 was an ideological act, that the gas levy was a 'war declaration' against the people, and that Minister Robert Habeck was implementing a 'planned economy' to force a climate agenda.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000052#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Quantitative analysis of Twitter data from February 24 to October 15, 2022, shows that the Green Party was mentioned significantly more than other political parties, with 81,799 posts, more than double the mentions of the SPD (30,410), FDP (28,242), and CDU (25,086).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000052#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Minister Robert Habeck was the most mentioned individual politician in the dataset with 74,229 posts, far exceeding mentions of Chancellor Olaf Scholz (26,298) and other cabinet members.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000052#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A prominent narrative cluster claims the cessation of Nord Stream 2 was an ideological decision by the Green Party intended to risk an energy emergency, while ignoring that the pipeline was never certified by the Federal Network Agency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000052#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Disinformation actors used the gas levy (Gasumlage) to frame the Green Party as hostile to the German population, describing the levy as a \"war tax\" and using a 2018 quote from Robert Habeck taken out of context to suggest he does not care about the people.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000052#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Another narrative cluster alleges that Minister Habeck used the Ukraine war as a pretext to implement a \"planned economy\" and a \"climate agenda,\" with some posts comparing Green politics to the regime of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000052#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study identifies a network of alternative media and influencers driving these narratives, with high volumes of links to sites such as 'Freie Welt', 'Recentr', and 'Newsposter.net', as well as the Russian state broadcaster RT.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000052#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","natural gas","climate policy","climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Russia","Ukraine","Cambodia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative analysis","qualitative analysis","network analysis","content analysis"]},{"id":"isdglo-000149","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000149","title":"DENY, DECEIVE, DELAY","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Summative-Report-COP26.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies a shift from outright climate denial to 'discourses of delay'—narratives that accept climate change but justify inaction. During COP26, four primary delayist narratives trended: 'Hypocrisy and Elitism', 'Absolutionism', 'Unreliability of Renewables', and 'Ineffective Electric Vehicles'. The authors argue that a small group of 'repeat offender' influencers and right-wing media outlets drive the majority of this content, often leveraging algorithmic amplification on platforms like Facebook and Twitter. The report concludes with seven policy recommendations, including the adoption of a unified definition of climate disinformation and stricter enforcement against repeat offenders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000149#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate opposition has evolved from outright denial to 'discourses of delay', which accept the existence of climate change but 'justify inaction or inadequate efforts'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000149#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Four key 'discourses of delay' were identified on social media during COP26: 'Hypocrisy and Elitism', 'Absolutionism', 'Unreliability of Renewables', and 'Ineffective Electric Vehicles'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000149#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Hypocrisy and Elitism' narrative was the most active around COP26, portraying the summit as elitist and highlighting alleged double standards, such as the use of private jets by delegates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000149#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Absolutionism' narrative seeks to excuse a country from climate action by pointing to the perceived failings of other states, frequently targeting China and India in Western contexts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000149#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Disinformation regarding the unreliability of renewables often uses unrelated images or false claims, such as the debunked assertion that COP26 was powered by diesel generators.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000149#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A small number of 'repeat offender' accounts generate a disproportionate amount of anti-climate content; 16 Twitter accounts amassed 507,000 interactions, far exceeding 148 other known sceptic accounts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000149#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate sceptic communities on social media often overlap with other 'culture war' and anti-science groups, including those focused on COVID-19 and anti-vaccine sentiment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000149#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Authoritative sources on Facebook, such as those in the Climate Science Center, receive significantly less engagement than climate sceptic actors, with the latter garnering 12 times the level of interaction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000149#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mainstream media outlets, specifically the Daily Mail, The Telegraph, and the Wall Street Journal, serve as vectors for laundering climate scepticism and 'discourses of delay' into the mainstream.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000149#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Carbon Majors use sponsored advertising to spread disinformation; for example, ExxonMobil spent over $4 million on 1,211 Facebook and Instagram ads containing energy and climate mis- and disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000149#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","renewable energy","electric vehicle","2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference","greenwashing","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom","United States","Canada","Australia","Glasgow","People's Republic of China","India"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["social media analysis","network analysis","policy assessment","content analysis"]}]}