{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["multi-level governance perspective"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'multi-level governance perspective' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":1,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=multi-level+governance+perspective","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"sei-001115","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001115","title":"How can sanitation policy deliver in Africa?","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2018-06","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/180822a-gill-ekane-sanitation-uganda-rwanda-pb-1806f.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines sanitation governance in Rwanda and Uganda, arguing that top-down policies often fail because they ignore the socio-cultural drivers of household behaviour and lack adequate national funding. It highlights a significant 'implementation gap' where international targets drive policy, but households—who provide approximately 60% of sector investment—face cultural and emotional barriers to adoption. The brief advocates for 'backward mapping' to include ground-level stakeholders in design and a deeper understanding of behavioural drivers to ensure sustainability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001115#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Sanitation is frequently undervalued in national budgets in Rwanda, Uganda, and other sub-Saharan African countries, despite increased political commitments. This leads to a reliance on external funding from multilateral organisations, which often results in unsustainable programmes once that funding ceases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001115#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant 'implementation gap' caused by a disconnect between macro-governance policy objectives—often driven by international goals—and the actual actions taken at the community and household levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001115#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Households are the primary financiers of sanitation, contributing roughly 60% of the total investment in the sector globally, including in Uganda and Rwanda.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001115#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technical solutions alone are insufficient because sanitation and hygiene are primarily behavioural issues influenced by slowly changing cultural norms, religion, and codes of conduct.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001115#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Top-down pressure to meet prescribed targets often fails because it ignores local context, distorts priorities, and can compromise the long-term sustainability of sanitation services.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001115#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A 'backward mapping' approach is recommended to improve policy outcomes by involving people at the ground level in the design and implementation of reforms, which fosters consensus and flexibility.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001115#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Emotional responses, such as repugnance toward using human excreta as fertilizer, can conflict with risk management information, indicating that communication strategies must account for emotional drivers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001115#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sanitation","water-supply management","public health","governance","Sustainable Development Goals","climate finance","waste management"],"geography_discussed":["Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["comparative research","multi-level governance perspective"]}]}