{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["methodology note"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'methodology note' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=methodology+note","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iisd-002942","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002942","title":"Fanning the Flames: G20 provides record financial support for fossil fuels","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-08","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-08/g20-fossil-fuel-support-methodology.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details the data sources and estimation techniques used to track G20 financial support for fossil fuels, including subsidies, state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments, and international public finance. It highlights significant data gaps and transparency issues, particularly regarding subnational support and Chinese SOE reporting, and explains the methods used to approximate 2022 subsidy levels during the energy crisis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002942#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The authors estimated 2022 G20 fossil fuel price-gap subsidies at USD 537 billion, based on the G20's 49% share of the International Energy Agency's (IEA) 2021 global estimate applied to the IEA's 2022 global estimate of USD 1,097 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002942#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Government support for fossil fuels is likely underestimated in this analysis because the study only collects data on national-level subsidy and SOE policies, omitting subnational jurisdictions which can provide large subsidies and include large SOEs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002942#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Data transparency for Chinese energy SOEs is limited; some reports provide only gross figures, making it impossible to determine if investments have shifted between fossil fuels and renewables, and some listed subsidiaries are more transparent than their parent groups.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002942#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The analysis of state-owned enterprise (SOE) investment is likely an underestimate because the authors applied a strict 50% government ownership rule, excluding SOEs with lower ownership that may still be state-directed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002942#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Estimates for international public finance for fossil fuels in 2022 were derived from the average of 2019–2021 data because 2022 data was unavailable at the time of writing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002942#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies a lack of up-to-date databases for G20 or global renewable energy subsidy expenditures, leading the authors to estimate government spending commitments rather than actual expenditures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002942#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The cost of ending world hunger was estimated at USD 33 billion in additional annual public funding until 2030, which the authors adjusted to USD 41.5 billion by 2023 when accounting for annual global inflation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002942#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel subsidy","renewable energy","carbon price","energy transition","carbon capture and storage","hydrogen","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","India","France","United States","Australia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["methodology note"]},{"id":"iisd-002590","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002590","title":"Burning Billions: Record public money for fossil fuels impeding climate action","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-11/burning-billions-record-fossil-fuels-support-2022-methodology-note.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document outlines the methodology for a briefing on public money for fossil fuels, detailing how the authors tracked subsidies, state-owned enterprise (SOE) investments, and international public finance. It specifies the use of IMF and IEA data for 2022 subsidies and explains the 50% government ownership rule for SOE analysis. The note also highlights significant data gaps, particularly regarding subnational support and transparency in Chinese SOE reporting, suggesting that total government support for fossil fuels is likely underestimated.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002590#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"For 2022, the authors used IMF estimates for 'explicit' fossil fuel subsidies, totaling USD 1.3 trillion, because the IMF's data provided greater country coverage and included producer subsidies compared to IEA estimates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002590#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The analysis of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) was limited to national-level entities with at least 50% government ownership, which the authors acknowledge likely results in an underestimation of total SOE investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002590#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Data transparency for Chinese energy SOEs is limited, as some companies provide only gross investment figures or report data only for listed subsidiaries, making it difficult to distinguish between fossil fuel and renewable energy investments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002590#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report distinguishes between 'explicit' subsidies and 'implicit' subsidies (externalities), the latter of which include environmental damages from air pollution and climate change, as well as traffic-related costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002590#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Renewable energy support was estimated using government spending commitments from the IEA Government Energy Spending Tracker and other sources for G20 countries, rather than actual annual expenditures, making them not directly comparable to fossil fuel data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002590#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors identify a significant global gap in reporting on government support, noting that the exclusion of subnational jurisdictions and missing data for certain SOEs (such as Argentina’s YCRT and Energia Argentina) likely leads to an underestimation of total support.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002590#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel subsidy","transition finance","carbon price","energy transition","G20"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","India","France","Argentina","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["methodology note"]}]}