{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["longitudinal study"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":40,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=longitudinal+study&page=1","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=longitudinal+study&page=2","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iai-000088","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000088","title":"Land use systems and livelihoods in demographically heterogeneous frontier stages in the Amazon","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2025-01-08","source_url":"https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/land-use-systems-and-livelihoods-in-demographically-heterogeneous-frontier-stages-in-the-amazon/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The research utilizes a 25-year panel dataset from Machadinho, Brazil, to analyze the relationship between household demographics and land use choices during frontier development. The study finds that as frontiers integrate into markets, successful settlers are those who diversify their livelihood strategies, moving from subsistence agriculture to a mix of on- and off-farm activities. This diversification prevents long-term deprivation and eventually makes land use choices independent of household demographic dynamics in advanced stages of development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000088#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Successful original settlers in the colonization frontier were those who diversified their livelihood strategies and capital portfolios to adapt to evolving local and regional market conditions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000088#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a transition from subsistence-based land use to diversified systems combining on-farm and off-farm activities, which helps prevent households from entering long-term deprivation trajectories as frontiers become more urban and market-oriented.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000088#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the advanced stages of frontier development, land use choices become progressively independent of household demographic dynamics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000088#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["land use"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","cohort analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000408","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000408","title":"Ten years on: Enabling the success of locally-led water investments in Kenya’s arid and semi-arid counties","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2024-11","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-12/CDKN%20Policy%20Brief%20-%20Functionality%20study%20Kenya_WEB.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The brief evaluates 62 of 95 water investments established between 2013 and 2018 in Kenya's ASAL regions, finding that functionality generally declined between 2019 and 2023 due to poor maintenance funding, governance gaps, and insufficient climate data. It recommends integrating indigenous knowledge, securing dedicated operations and maintenance budgets, and adopting landscape-level management to ensure long-term resilience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000408#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The overall functionality of water investments in most studied counties declined between 2019 and 2023, with the exception of Garissa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000408#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sustainability was hindered by a lack of dedicated budget allocations at the county level for the operations and maintenance (O&M) of existing CCCF climate projects, making it difficult for communities to fund routine upkeep.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000408#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Governance challenges impacted project longevity, specifically regarding the capacity of committees to manage water revenues, poor coordination by county governments, and ambiguous roles and responsibilities between government and community actors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000408#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The failure to use sufficient climate data and information led to the incorrect siting of several investments, resulting in a need for frequent repairs or total non-functionality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000408#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While the principle of subsidiarity fostered community ownership, sustainability was undermined by low transparency and accountability within local implementation committees and insufficient oversight from county departments after the project phase ended.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000408#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document suggests that integrating indigenous knowledge and traditional institutions, such as the Detha system, can improve the effectiveness and legitimacy of local climate resilience actions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000408#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water security","climate finance","climate change adaptation","Community based adaptation","water distribution system","traditional knowledge","Climate information service"],"geography_discussed":["Garissa County","Isiolo County","Kitui County","Makueni County","Wajir County"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","policy assessment"]},{"id":"iisd-002713","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002713","title":"COMPREHENSIVE WEALTH REPORT Indonesia","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2024-04","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2024-05/comprehensive-wealth-indonesia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes Indonesia's Comprehensive Wealth Index (CWI), which grew by an average of 4.3% annually between 1995 and 2020, driven primarily by human and produced capital. However, real per capita GDP grew more slowly at 2.8%, indicating a declining rate of return on wealth from 6.8% in 1995 to 4.8% in 2020. The study highlights inefficiencies in natural resource management and a lack of investment in renewable energy, suggesting that better asset management could have pushed Indonesia into the World Bank's upper-middle-income category by 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002713#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Indonesia's Comprehensive Wealth Index (CWI) nearly tripled between 1995 and 2020, rising from IDR 404.3 million (USD 86,100) to IDR 1,130 million (USD 240,750) per capita, representing an average annual growth rate of 4.3%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002713#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The growth of comprehensive wealth has outpaced GDP growth, with real per capita GDP growing at an average annual rate of 2.8% compared to the CWI's 4.3%. This indicates a decline in the rate of return on wealth from 6.8% in 1995 to 4.8% in 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002713#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Human capital is the largest component of Indonesia's wealth portfolio, increasing from IDR 315.8 million (USD 67,260) in 1995 to IDR 895.4 million (USD 190,690) in 2020, though it experienced a dip from 1997 to 2000 due to the Asian financial crisis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002713#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Produced capital grew by an average of 5.3% annually from 1990 to 2020, but investments are heavily skewed toward buildings, which accounted for 74% of produced capital in 2020, while machinery and equipment contributed only 10%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002713#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesia's market natural capital grew by an average of 2.2% annually from 1990 to 2020. The composition shifted from renewable resources in 1990 to a higher share of non-renewables during the commodity boom, peaking at 55% in 2010.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002713#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesia is underperforming in the economic extraction of its natural resources compared to peers; for example, Malaysia generates approximately six times more wealth for every tree harvested than Indonesia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002713#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial capital has remained consistently negative from 2001 to 2020, as foreign financial liabilities have exceeded foreign financial assets, with assets averaging around 40% of liabilities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002713#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-market natural capital is facing threats from climate change, evidenced by rising average temperatures and increased precipitation, which may lead to more frequent floods and coral bleaching.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002713#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social capital shows positive trends in communal participation and tolerance, though there are contradictory findings regarding trust in others and a high level of objection to interfaith marriage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002713#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["natural capital","biodiversity","deforestation","climate change","renewable energy","fossil fuel","coral bleaching","flood"],"geography_discussed":["Brazil","People's Republic of China","Malaysia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic assessment","longitudinal study","wealth accounting"]},{"id":"cdkn-000803","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000803","title":"Assessing the effectiveness of locally-led public good climate investments in water infrastructure in Garissa County","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/Technical%20Brief_Garissa_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 study found that none of the five water infrastructure investments in Garissa County were fully functional, with three partially functional and two non-functional. The primary drivers of failure were a lack of dedicated budgets for operations and maintenance (O&M), capacity gaps in local management, and limited early engagement with water institutions. The report recommends establishing sustainable financing mechanisms, integrating renewable energy to lower costs, and strengthening the technical and project management skills of local site committees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"As of 2023, none of the five assessed water infrastructure investments were fully functional; three were classified as partially functional and two as non-functional.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The sustainability of water security is undermined by Garissa County Climate Change legislation that prioritises new investments while providing no budget for the operations and maintenance (O&M) of existing infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A lack of O&M funding led to the total failure of two investments between 2019 and 2023, specifically due to the inability to replace ageing parts or repair pump and genset failures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant capacity gap in the management of these investments; although site committees exist for all projects, very few members have received training in facility management or basic maintenance skills.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Limited engagement with relevant water institutions during the design phase restricted their subsequent support, as the investments were viewed as solely community-owned and managed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-functional investments have experienced community abandonment, which has accelerated system deterioration and led to the vandalism of components.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water distribution system","Community based adaptation","climate finance","water security","renewable energy","climate resilience"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","functionality assessment","governance assessment"]},{"id":"cdkn-000804","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000804","title":"Assessing the effectiveness of locally-led public good climate investments in water infrastructure in Isiolo County","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/Technical%20Brief_Isiolo_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 study found that only two of nine assessed water investments were fully functional, with many others limited by inadequate maintenance, vandalism, and resource-based conflicts. While community-led planning and local knowledge improved sustainability, the report highlights a need for dedicated maintenance financing, better technical siting, and genuine gender inclusivity in management committees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"As of October 2023, the functionality of the nine assessed investments varied: two were functional, five were functional but not in use, and two were non-functional.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Long-term functionality has been hindered by a lack of regular maintenance, such as desilting and component rehabilitation; specifically, four investments that were functional in 2019 were no longer in use by 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Inter-community resource-based conflicts and insecurity have led to the destruction of infrastructure and the relocation of assets. For example, at the Harr Buyo Water Pan, the fence, pump house, storage tank, and gate were vandalised during conflicts between neighbouring communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The sustainability of investments is enhanced when local knowledge is integrated into planning, such as the community practice of using certain boreholes as strategic water points only during the rainy season to preserve rangeland for the dry season.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Incorrect technical siting can lead to project failure, as evidenced by the Kobe Dadach Guracha Borehole, which was deemed unsuccessful due to poor siting decisions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender inclusivity in project governance remains insufficient; while Ward Planning Committees comply with the two-thirds rule, men significantly outnumber women in site management committees, with the Belgesh Water Pan committee consisting entirely of men.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water distribution system","Community based adaptation","climate finance","water security"],"geography_discussed":["Garissa County","Wajir County"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","functionality assessment","governance assessment"]},{"id":"cdkn-000805","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000805","title":"Assessing the effectiveness of locally-led public good climate investments in water infrastructure in Kitui County","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/Technical%20Brief_Kitui_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A 2023 study of 12 water infrastructure investments in Kitui County, Kenya, found that 59% were functional or partially functional, while 16% were non-functional due to lack of maintenance. The report highlights that most investments failed to provide adequate water during dry seasons and suffered from insufficient funding for operations and maintenance. While local knowledge was integrated into planning via Ward Climate Change Planning Committees, the study recommends better integration of hydrogeological data, landscape restoration, and institutionalised project audits to ensure long-term sustainability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"As of October 2023, 59% of the 12 assessed water investments were either functional or partially functional and were considered sustainable for livestock and domestic use.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Approximately 16% of the investments were non-functional, primarily due to a lack of maintenance and repairs. For instance, the Mutethya Nzaini Earth Dam, which was partially functional in 2019, became non-functional by 2023 because of a breached embankment wall, vandalism of the fence, and poor spillway design.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Most water infrastructure investments failed to provide sufficient water during the dry season, often only remaining adequate during and shortly after the rainy season.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Long-term operations and maintenance were hindered by insufficient funding, a lack of cost-recovery mechanisms, and the unavailability of spare parts locally.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local communities were involved in the planning and execution of investments through community forums and public barazas led by Ward Climate Change Planning Committees, which helped identify and prioritise sites.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technical failures occurred because design stages often ignored climate and hydrogeological information, as well as landscape restoration. For example, earth dams lacked upstream check dams to control siltation, and the Kyandeve Earth Dam was sited too close to another dam, affecting water flow.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water distribution system","Community based adaptation","climate finance","water security"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","functionality assessment","governance assessment"]},{"id":"cdkn-000806","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000806","title":"Assessing the effectiveness of locally-led public good climate investments in water infrastructure in Makueni County","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/Technical%20Brief_Makueni_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A 2023 study of 13 water infrastructure projects in Makueni County, Kenya, found that most remain functional seven years after implementation. The success of these locally-led adaptation investments is attributed to the integration of local knowledge with technical data and strong partnerships between the county government and communities. While the projects have improved water access and increased agricultural incomes, challenges remain regarding siltation, funding for major repairs, and the need for green energy transitions to reduce production costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 2023 assessment of 13 water infrastructure sites revealed that seven were fully functional, two were partially functional, and one was non-functional due to silting. Three sites were not in use at the time of the study because of seasonality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The identification of suitable investment sites was achieved by combining technical climate and hydrogeological information with local knowledge gathered through community consultation and forums.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The water investments have positively impacted the community by reducing the distance women and children must travel for water and by increasing household incomes through new agricultural activities, such as micro-irrigation at the Ngutioni Sand Dam.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sustainability of the investments is supported by a partnership between the Makueni County Government, local communities, and institutions, with the county allocating 2% of its total development budget to the County Climate Change Fund (CCCF).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While minor repairs are typically managed by community user committees through water fees, there is a lack of financing mechanisms for major repairs, which are often too expensive for local resource mobilisation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water distribution system","Community based adaptation","climate finance","water security","Sustainable land management"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya","Kajiado County"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","functionality assessment","governance analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000807","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000807","title":"Assessing the effectiveness of locally-led public good climate investments in water infrastructure in Wajir County","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/Technical%20Brief_Wajir_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A 2023 longitudinal study of 23 water infrastructure projects in Wajir County, Kenya, found that boreholes are significantly more resilient to climate shocks than water pans, which accounted for all non-functional projects. While community involvement in planning fostered ownership, the study identified critical gaps in technical capacity for maintenance, a lack of climate information during the design phase, and a failure to budget for ongoing monitoring and evaluation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000807#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Boreholes demonstrated significantly higher resilience and functionality compared to water pans. Water pans represented 100% of non-functional projects and 80% of partially functional projects because they are seasonal and susceptible to siltation during floods and drying during prolonged droughts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000807#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The overall functionality of the 23 assessed investments varied: 11 were functional, four were partially functional, three were non-functional, and four were not in use during the visit. Seasonal differences were stark, with 19 projects providing sufficient water for domestic and livestock use in the wet season, but only 12 doing so in the dry season.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000807#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Community-led prioritisation, planning, and decision-making increased the long-term functionality of investments by fostering a sense of ownership. However, the study suggests that planning should also include broader water resource management entities like water service providers and water trust funds to ensure sustainability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000807#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technical and financial gaps hinder the maintenance of water infrastructure. Site committees often lack the technical skills for routine maintenance and face shortages of essential spare parts, leading to equipment deterioration. Additionally, community-raised user fees are often insufficient for major repairs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000807#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A lack of climate information during the design and siting phase, particularly for water pans, left investments vulnerable to climate shocks, resulting in physical damage and the need for frequent rehabilitation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000807#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The County Climate Change Fund (CCCF) failed to budget for the monitoring and evaluation of investments, allocating funds only for new projects. This gap prevents the early detection of challenges and the documentation of the investments' effectiveness as climate interventions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000807#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water distribution system","Community based adaptation","climate finance","water management","Climate information service"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","technical assessment","governance assessment"]},{"id":"cdkn-000895","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000895","title":"A longitudinal study on locally-led water infrastructure investments in select arid and semi-arid counties in Kenya","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-12/CDKN_Functionality%20Study%20Synthesis%20Report%20Kenya_WEB.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The longitudinal study evaluates water projects in Kenya's ASAL regions, finding a decline in functionality from 2019 to 2023, while highlighting the benefits of community-led investment and the critical need for dedicated operations and maintenance funding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The overall functionality of water investments declined between 2019 and 2023; functional projects dropped from 51.6% to 38.7%, while non-functional projects increased from 14.5% to 19.4%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite the decline, sustainability is possible, as 59.8% of the investments remained functioning eight to ten years after the first investments were implemented.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technical failures and poor maintenance are primary drivers of non-functionality, specifically pump malfunctions in boreholes and siltation in water pans and earth dams.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Poor siting of infrastructure, often caused by inadequate geological and hydrological assessments or a lack of actionable climate information, has rendered some projects non-functional.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Governance challenges include a lack of dedicated budget for operations and maintenance (O&M) at the county level and insufficient technical training for site management committees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The application of the principle of subsidiarity—involving communities in the identification, design, and management of projects—has fostered a sense of local ownership and resilience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Water infrastructure investments have provided significant socio-economic benefits, including reduced time burdens for women fetching water, increased school attendance for children, and improved food security through supported agriculture.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Environmental benefits include habitat restoration, reduced soil erosion, and the creation of microenvironments that attract wildlife and support biodiversity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water distribution system","climate finance","Community based adaptation","water scarcity","Climate information service","gender equality","social inclusion","ecosystem-based adaptation","Sustainable land management","climate resilience"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","functionality assessment","governance analysis"]},{"id":"commyale-000220","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000220","title":"Climate Change in the Irish Mind Wave 2 Report 1","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Climate-Change-in-the-Irish-Mind-Wave-2-Report-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 'Climate Change in the Irish Mind Wave 2' report reveals high levels of climate awareness and concern among the Irish public, with 95% believing climate change is happening and 81% expressing worry. While there is strong support for government climate action and renewable energy infrastructure, support for prohibitive policies like banning fossil fuel heating has weakened since 2021. The report also highlights a significant gap in climate literacy, noting that while most have heard of the 'greenhouse effect', very few can correctly define it or accurately estimate the carbon footprint impact of dietary changes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000220#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a very high level of consensus in Ireland that climate change is occurring and is driven by human activity; 95% of people think it is happening, and 92% believe it is caused at least in part by humans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000220#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public concern regarding climate change is high, with 81% of the population reporting they are at least 'somewhat worried', and 34% describing themselves as 'very worried'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000220#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Irish citizens perceive immediate and local risks from climate change, with 54% believing people in Ireland are being harmed 'right now' and 88% stating that climate change is affecting Irish weather.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000220#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Scientists are the most trusted source of climate information, trusted by 93% of respondents, followed by the Environmental Protection Agency at 88%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000220#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 79% of the public believe climate change should be a high or very high government priority, support for restrictive policies has declined since 2021, such as support for banning peat, coal, and oil for home heating, which fell by 9 percentage points to 59%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000220#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Public support for climate action remains generally resilient despite cost-of-living increases, although those experiencing financial difficulty show weaker support for higher taxes on petrol/diesel cars and bans on fossil fuel home heating.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000220#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is strong public support for using carbon tax revenues to fund clean energy (95%), transport infrastructure (95%), and energy efficiency for low-income households (95%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000220#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant gap exists between climate awareness and literacy; while 96% have heard of the 'greenhouse effect', only 5% can correctly distinguish it from other environmental issues like acid rain or the ozone layer.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000220#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Irish public tends to overestimate the carbon footprint reduction of highly visible actions like using reusable bags or energy-efficient lighting, while underestimating the impact of plant-based diets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000220#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Consumer activism is present in Ireland, with 52% of people purchasing from companies taking climate action and 41% avoiding products from companies opposing climate steps in the last year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000220#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","carbon footprint","carbon tax","public transport","electric vehicle","afforestation","extreme weather event"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["public opinion survey","longitudinal study"]},{"id":"isdglo-000114","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000114","title":"The German Far Right Online","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Longitudinal_Study_Matlach_Hammer.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes the online behavior of the German far right, finding that while they utilize 'alt-tech' platforms to evade moderation, they remain heavily reliant on very large online platforms (VLOPs) for reach. It highlights the central role of conspiracy theories, the opportunistic use of crises like COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine, and the increasing importance of audiovisual content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000114#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Conspiracy theories function as a primary heuristic for far-right online subcultures, framing their worldview as being besieged by \"dark forces\" and offering solutions of either individual preparation or collective revolution.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000114#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Telegram serves a dual purpose for the German far right: it is used for internal ideological learning and networking among believers, and as a tool for external propaganda aimed at the wider public using a more moderate tone.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000114#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Far-right actors opportunistically exploit current events and crises to spread ideology, specifically using the COVID-19 pandemic to align with the anti-lockdown movement and the Russian invasion of Ukraine to disseminate Russian state propaganda.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000114#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite the use of alternative platforms, very large online platforms (VLOPs) remain critical for far-right audiences, with accounts on these platforms expanding their followership and engagement over the study period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000114#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The far-right online ecosystem is characterized by platform-specific silos, where a high volume of shared URLs link back to the same platform (Facebook, X/Twitter, or Telegram) rather than external domains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000114#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant trend toward audiovisual content, with video-sharing platforms making up the largest proportion of shared social media links; Odysee emerged as a primary alternative to YouTube.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000114#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The takeover of X/Twitter by Elon Musk in late 2022 coincided with a steep increase in followers for far-right accounts, suggesting that relaxed moderation policies made the platform more attractive again.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000114#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Anti-feminist narratives, including transphobia and opposition to abortion rights, have increased, often mirroring US far-right discourse and spiking after the US Supreme Court's Dobbs v. Jackson ruling.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000114#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Racist and xenophobic discourse remains structural, with a focus on anti-migration sentiment and the 'Great Replacement' conspiracy, often framing migrants as a threat to German resources or security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000114#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The far right utilizes 'lifestyle' topics—such as nutrition, survivalism, and holistic health—as a 'coded' strategy to appeal to broader audiences and build community while avoiding overt ideological markers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000114#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","renewable energy","nuclear power","environmental policy"],"geography_discussed":["World","United States","Russia","Hungary","Brazil"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","content analysis","topic modelling","network analysis"]},{"id":"commyale-000291","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000291","title":"Global Warming’s Six Americas","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/six-americas-fall-2023-data-tables.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document presents longitudinal data on U.S. public perceptions of global warming, categorizing adults into six segments: Alarmed, Concerned, Cautious, Disengaged, Doubtful, and Dismissive. It tracks these percentages across 29 survey waves from November 2008 to October 2023 and provides a breakdown of 'Alarmed or Concerned' responses by political party for late 2022 and 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000291#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between November 2008 and October 2023, the percentage of U.S. adults categorized as 'Alarmed' regarding global warming fluctuated, starting at 17% in November 2008 and reaching 28% by October 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000291#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Political affiliation is strongly associated with levels of concern about global warming. In October 2023, 82% of Democrats were categorized as either 'Alarmed or Concerned', compared to 28% of Republicans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000291#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","climate change communication"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","demographic analysis"]},{"id":"pari-000210","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/pari-000210","title":"Remodelling Cabinet Departments in South Africa","publisher":{"name":"Public Affairs Research Institute","organization":"public-affairs-research-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2022-07","source_url":"https://pari.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/20220701_RemodellingCabinetDeptsInSA_VinothanNaidoo_WorkingPaper.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study tracks the internal machinery of seven South African Cabinet departments from 2009 to 2021. It finds an aggregate expansion in internal organisational units that peaked around 2018/19, coinciding with the presidency of Jacob Zuma, before declining under Cyril Ramaphosa. While most departments are dominated by externally-oriented specialist portfolio units, the research indicates that internal structural changes are generally not triggered by ministerial reshuffles. Furthermore, the creation of public entities (agencification) did not lead to a corresponding reduction in the internal functions of Cabinet departments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000210#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There was an aggregate expansion in the total number of internal organisational units across the sampled departments between 2011/12 and 2018/19, with a subsequent decline starting in 2019/20 that aligns with President Cyril Ramaphosa's macro-restructuring of Cabinet.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000210#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Growth in internal units was most significant at the operational level (level three/Chief Directorates) and the strategic level (level two/branches), while there was an overall decline in units at the leadership level (level one/Director-General).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000210#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The research found that ministerial changes generally did not trigger large-scale internal structural overhauls, as evidenced by departments that underwent major restructuring without a change in minister and others that changed ministers frequently without structural shifts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000210#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proliferation of non-departmental 'public entities' in South Africa did not result in the relocation or reduction of internal functions within Cabinet departments, suggesting that agencification operates independently of internal departmental composition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000210#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Most sampled departments show a high degree of similarity in the type of activities performed, with approximately 70% of units dedicated to externally-oriented specialist portfolio services rather than internal general management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000210#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Policy-oriented departments generally maintain more compact and balanced internal structural arrangements compared to implementation-oriented departments, though this varies by the breadth of the portfolio.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000210#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Department of Home Affairs exhibited the most asymmetrical and expansive strategic and operational footprint, characterized by a higher proportion of general management units due to administrative complexity and risk management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pari-000210#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","comparative analysis","quantitative analysis"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000134","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000134","title":"Rebuilding livelihoods in displacement","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-03","source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/ENDLINE-REPORT-Rebuilding-livelihoods-in-displacement-eversion-28022022_compressed.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while identification and mobile money access for refugees in Uganda improved significantly due to policy changes, formal financial service adoption remains hindered by high transaction costs and long travel distances to agents. Refugees rely heavily on non-employment income and informal savings groups (ASCAs and ROSCAs), with a notable increase in cash kept at home for health emergencies. The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately reduced refugee incomes and increased expenditures, particularly for food and medicine. The report recommends expanding branchless banking, improving digital and financial literacy, and introducing microinsurance and sustainable energy solutions to enhance refugee financial health.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000134#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Refugee identification improved from 94% at baseline to 99% at endline, though the type of ID significantly impacts financial access; 47% of those with a National ID could access financial services compared to only 17% with a Family Attestation letter.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000134#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mobile money usage among refugees saw a dramatic increase from 29% to 61% between the baseline and endline, driven by a 2020 policy change allowing refugees to own SIM cards in their own names.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000134#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-employment income, including cash and voucher assistance from the World Food Programme (WFP), remains the primary income source for 87% of refugees, though recipients reported significant reductions in aid, such as a 60% cut in cash-based transfers in Nakivale.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000134#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender disparities exist in livelihoods; men are more likely to have regular employment and contractual work, while women-owned businesses tend to be smaller, concentrated in low-margin sectors like vegetable stalls, and less likely to grow.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000134#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There was a sharp increase in refugees keeping cash at home, rising from 29% at baseline to 59% at endline, primarily to ensure immediate access to funds for health emergencies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000134#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Formal financial services are underutilized due to high transaction costs—sometimes reaching 15,000 UGX to access funds—and the need to travel long distances, with some refugees walking two hours each way to reach an agent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000134#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused a more severe income decrease for refugees than for host communities, with 72% of respondents in Nakivale reporting a significant decrease in income.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000134#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Refugees face high expenditures on charcoal for heating and cooking, spending an average of 35,000 UGX per month, which the report identifies as an opportunity for PAYGo solar and clean energy solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000134#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Financial health varies by region, with Bidi Bidi (69.7%) and Palorinya (56.7%) showing higher levels than Nakivale (15.6%) and Kampala (15.4%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000134#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Medical costs have risen significantly, with the median cost for medicine increasing from 5,000 UGX at baseline to 20,000 UGX at endline.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000134#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["microfinance"],"geography_discussed":["South Sudan","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Moyo"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["comparative analysis","longitudinal study","qualitative research","quantitative research"]},{"id":"cssn-000003","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cssn-000003","title":"Early Warnings and Emerging Accountability: Total's Responses to Global Warming, 1971-2021","publisher":{"name":"Climate Social Science Network","organization":"climate-social-science-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2022-02-14","source_url":"https://cssn.org/early-warnings-and-emerging-accountability-totals-responses-to-global-warming-1971-2021/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study tracks Total's transition from receiving early warnings of catastrophic global warming in 1971 to a strategy of promoting scientific doubt in the late 1980s, and finally to a position of public acceptance of climate science coupled with policy delay by the late 1990s. It also notes Exxon's role in coordinating an international campaign via IPIECA to dispute climate science and weaken policy starting in the 1980s.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000003#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Total personnel were warned about the potential for catastrophic global warming caused by its products by 1971, with their understanding of the issue deepening in the 1980s.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000003#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Starting in the late 1980s, Total began promoting doubt about the scientific basis of global warming, eventually shifting in the late 1990s to publicly accepting the science while advocating for policy delay or policies that did not focus on fossil fuel control.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000003#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Exxon used the International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association (IPIECA) to lead an international effort beginning in the 1980s to challenge climate science and undermine international climate policy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cssn-000003#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel industry","obsidian","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","archival research"]},{"id":"issafri-001519","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/issafri-001519","title":"Are parenting programmes enough to prevent violence?","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Security Studies","organization":"institute-for-security-studies"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/PB-171.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study found that while parenting programmes can reduce parenting stress and improve children's mental health, their overall effectiveness is undermined by systemic issues such as intimate partner violence, substance misuse, and poor adult mental health. The intervention showed a trend toward reduced spanking and increased positive parenting among Afrikaans-speaking caregivers, but failed to achieve a community-wide shift due to linguistic barriers and severe socio-economic stressors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001519#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The intervention achieved a community-wide reduction in parenting stress and improvements in children's mental health, with internalising and externalising behaviours decreasing by 2% and 3% respectively. However, a community-wide shift toward positive parenting was not achieved.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001519#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Parenting programmes were effective in increasing parental involvement and reducing the use of spanking, although shouting and beating children with objects did not decrease.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001519#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The effectiveness of parenting interventions is significantly undermined by interconnected stressors, specifically intimate partner violence, substance misuse, and poor mental health. Intimate partner violence was associated with a 12% decrease in positive parenting.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001519#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The intervention faced significant linguistic and social barriers; isiXhosa-speaking caregivers did not participate in the programmes because suitable facilitators could not be identified during the research period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001519#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Parenting programmes influenced the behaviour of non-participants through social networks. Caregivers who attended sessions showed greater activity and influence, seeking and receiving social support and sharing knowledge with others.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001519#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Among Afrikaans-speaking women, community-wide improvements in positive parenting were observed between waves three and four, driven by engagement in the social activation process and indirect exposure to the programmes, though these changes did not persist to wave five.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001519#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["mental health"],"geography_discussed":["Western Cape","George"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","longitudinal study","social network analysis"]},{"id":"wwf-000647","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000647","title":"Demand Under the Ban China Ivory Consumption Research 2021","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-10","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/459/684lg5f3au_China_Ivory_Consumption_Research_2021_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2021 research indicates a slight rebound in ivory purchases compared to 2020, though levels remain below 2019. While the 'Rejectors' segment remains the largest, 'Diehard Buyers' have increased in number despite a drop in their actual purchase rates. The report finds that combining knowledge of the ivory ban with targeted campaign videos, such as the Ma Weidu campaign, significantly reduces the intention to purchase ivory even among the most persistent buyers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000647#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Self-reported ivory purchases in the past 12 months increased to 15% in 2021 from 12% in 2020, although this remains lower than the 17% recorded in 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000647#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Retail stores remain the most used channel for ivory purchases, but their popularity has declined, while market stalls and street vendors have seen an increase in use.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000647#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The consumer market is divided into three segments: 'Rejectors' (the largest group at 73%), 'Ban-influenced Citizens' (which decreased to 16% in 2021), and 'Diehard Buyers' (which increased to 22% in 2021).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000647#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 88% of respondents believe ivory trade in China is illegal, spontaneous recognition of the specific 2017 ivory ban is low, remaining steady at 3% since 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000647#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Ma Weidu campaign video is most effective when combined with information about the ivory ban; this combination reduces the intention to purchase ivory by over 30% among Diehard Buyers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000647#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a growing perception that no suitable alternative exists for ivory, with 21% of respondents stating there is no substitute, up from 17% in 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000647#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The purpose of ivory purchases shifted in 2021, with a statistically significant increase in people buying ivory for themselves (43%) compared to 2020 (33%), while gift-giving decreased (56% in 2021 vs 66% in 2020).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000647#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Awareness of the ivory ban is primarily driven by online channels, specifically social media (38%), mobile news apps (36%), and TV/screens (33%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000647#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Diehard Buyers are the most likely to hold the misconception that it is legal to bring ivory into Mainland China from abroad, with only 35% correctly identifying it as illegal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000647#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Beijing","Shanghai","Guangzhou","Chengdu","Xiamen","Kunming","Fuzhou","Xi'an","Shenyang","Tianjin","Nanning","Chongqing","Nanjing","Jinan","Shenzhen"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["market segmentation","quantitative survey","longitudinal study","predictive modeling"]},{"id":"fsdafri-000139","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/fsdafri-000139","title":"Financial Inclusion for Refugees (FI4R) Results of Round 3 Diaries","publisher":{"name":"FSD Africa","organization":"fsd-africa"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-08-04","source_url":"https://fsdafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/FI4R-Diaries-Round-3-Insights-Digitization-of-saving-groups-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that COVID-19 significantly reduced refugee incomes from employment and self-employment, leaving non-employment income as the primary source of support. While there is openness to digitizing savings groups to improve speed and safety, significant barriers remain, including low smartphone ownership, high transaction costs, and fears that digital tools may undermine group cohesion and meeting attendance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000139#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic caused a decline in refugee livelihoods, specifically reducing income from regular employment due to school closures and decreasing self-employment revenue because of travel restrictions and reduced customer spending.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000139#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-employment income, consisting of support from governments, NGOs, and aid agencies, remains the primary source of income for refugees, as it provides more consistent support than seasonal or short-term work.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000139#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There has been a general decrease in the use of financial instruments due to reduced cash flow, with the exception of shop credit. Cash remains the preferred mode for most transactions, including savings in ASCAs and ROSCAs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000139#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Refugee households experienced increased vulnerability during the study period, with 53% of respondents reporting hospitalizations and half of the households having children sent home from school due to COVID-19 or lack of fees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000139#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While refugees value the speed, safety, and privacy of digital financial services, adoption is hindered by low smartphone ownership (27%), high mobile money charges, and poor network availability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000139#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a perceived risk that digitizing savings groups could negatively impact social dynamics, potentially leading to decreased meeting attendance and difficulties in sharing out funds due to transaction fees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"fsdafri-000139#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["South Sudan","Juba","Adjumani"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","qualitative research","quantitative research"]},{"id":"ucs-000822","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000822","title":"Losing Ground","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-04","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/sites/default/files/2021-04/losing-ground-final-4-15-21.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes the trend of farmland consolidation—the shift toward larger, fewer farms—and its role in hollowing out rural communities. It finds that consolidation creates significant barriers for new farmers, particularly in the Midwest, and has disproportionately harmed Black farmers through a combination of market pressures and systemic racism. The author argues that reversing this trend is essential for rural revitalization and social equity, recommending national initiatives for land transition and the redress of historical land theft from BIPOC farmers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000822#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Farmland consolidation in the United States is characterized by a steady decrease in the number of farms and an increase in average farm size, driven by capital-intensive agriculture and government policies that favor large operations. Between 1978 and 2017, harvested cropland on large farms (1,000 acres or larger) nearly doubled nationally, while in rural Midwest counties, it more than quintupled.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000822#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'hollowing out' of US agriculture is evidenced by the drastic loss of midsize farms (50 to 999 acres). Nationally, midsize crop farms decreased by approximately half in both number and acreage, losing over 690,000 farms and more than 96 million acres.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000822#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Farmland consolidation is strongly associated with increased barriers for new farmers in the rural Midwest. In counties with faster consolidation, the share of new farmers (those with less than five years of experience) declined 56 percent faster than in counties with slower consolidation. Additionally, average farmer age rose 26 percent faster and average years of experience increased 34 percent faster in these high-consolidation areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000822#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Black farmers have been disproportionately affected by consolidation and systemic racism, experiencing a 98 percent reduction in their numbers between 1920 and 2017, compared to a 65 percent decline for White farmers. The report notes that land theft has robbed the Black community of an estimated $3.7 to $6.6 billion in property and income.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000822#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis of state-level data from 1978 to 2017 shows that states with higher levels of farmland consolidation tended to drop in rank regarding their proportion of Black farmers, while states with less consolidation tended to rise in rank.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000822#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The cost of farmland rose an average of 67 percent nationally between 1978 and 2017 after inflation adjustments. In the Midwest, farmland value in rapidly consolidating counties crashed 118 percent faster than in slower consolidating counties between 1978 and 1997, but then rose 21 percent faster between 1997 and 2017.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000822#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["agroforestry","climate justice","land tenure"],"geography_discussed":["Illinois","Indiana","Iowa","Michigan","Minnesota","Missouri","Ohio","Wisconsin"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["statistical analysis","longitudinal study","policy assessment"]},{"id":"wwf-000197","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wwf-000197","title":"Demand Under the Ban China Ivory Consumption Research 2020","publisher":{"name":"WWF International","organization":"wwf-international"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-04","source_url":"https://www.worldwildlife.org/documents/512/17pm0lcko2_WWF_4th_Ivory_survey_report_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that self-reported ivory purchase in the past 12 months reached a four-year low of 12% in 2020. While the 'Diehard Buyers' segment has shrunk from 14% to 8% of the population, those remaining are more persistent, with higher purchase rates and a stronger belief in ivory's artistic value. Conversely, 'Rejectors' have grown to 72% of the sample. The study highlights that while 88% of participants believe ivory trade is illegal, spontaneous awareness of the specific 2017 ban has declined. The Ma Weidu campaign showed strong resonance, particularly among 'Diehard Buyers' and regular overseas travelers, with 74% of future intenders changing their minds after exposure to the ban and the campaign video.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000197#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Self-reported ivory purchase in the past 12 months declined to 12% in 2020, the lowest level recorded across the four survey years (2017-2020).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000197#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The consumer market has shifted toward a larger proportion of 'Rejectors' (72% in 2020) and a smaller proportion of 'Diehard Buyers' (8% in 2020, down from 14% in 2018 and 2019).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000197#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Remaining 'Diehard Buyers' exhibit higher persistence and attraction to ivory than in previous years, characterized by a higher Ivory Purchase Index and more frequent purchases (over once per year).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000197#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While 88% of participants believe ivory trading in China is illegal, spontaneous recognition of the specific 2017 ban has decreased, falling from 7% in 2019 to 3% in 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000197#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Retail stores in China remain the primary purchase channel (68%), though online purchases increased to 25% in 2020, with artefact collection websites and second-hand trade apps gaining prominence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000197#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regular overseas travelers are the only group that has increased its ivory purchase rate compared to 2017 levels, with 44% reporting purchases in the past 12 months.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000197#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Ma Weidu campaign video was highly persuasive, with 74% of those who intended to buy ivory changing their minds after being exposed to both the campaign and information about the ban.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000197#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gold (39%) and silver (33%) have emerged as the most popular alternatives to ivory, with luxury goods generally increasing in popularity as replacements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000197#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Concerns regarding elephant extinction and animal cruelty are the strongest deterrents to purchase, while artistic value and uniqueness are the primary drivers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wwf-000197#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Beijing","Shanghai","Guangzhou","Chengdu","Xiamen","Kunming","Fuzhou","Xi'an","Shenyang","Tianjin","Nanning","Chongqing","Nanjing","Jinan","Shenzhen","Hangzhou","Thailand","Cambodia","Hong Kong","Japan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative survey","market segmentation","longitudinal study"]}]}