{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["least-cost optimisation modelling"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'least-cost optimisation modelling' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":1,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=least-cost+optimisation+modelling","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"cer-000903","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-000903","title":"An assessment of new coal plants in South Africa’s electricity future","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2018-05-28","source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/ERC-Coal-IPP-Study-Report-Finalv2-290518.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study finds that new coal-fired power plants are not necessary to meet South Africa's electricity demand at the lowest cost and that their inclusion would substantially increase both system costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Using the South African Times Model (SATIM), the authors demonstrate that a least-cost build plan relies on wind, solar PV, and gas, while the coal IPPs would create a generation surplus and potentially accelerate Eskom's financial crisis. The report highlights that the emissions from these plants would almost entirely offset the savings from the National Energy Efficiency Strategy or the carbon tax, complicating South Africa's ability to meet its Paris Agreement commitments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000903#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In all modelled scenarios, neither new coal nor new nuclear power plants are required to meet South Africa's electricity demand at the lowest cost.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000903#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The inclusion of the coal IPPs increases total discounted system costs across all scenarios, with additional costs ranging from R16.4 billion in the best-case scenario to R27.99 billion in the climate change mitigation (CCP) scenario.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000903#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the reference scenario, the combined coal IPPs would increase greenhouse gas emissions by 205.7 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent over the period, which represents a negative carbon price of R96/t CO2-eq.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000903#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The greenhouse gas emissions from the coal IPPs in the reference and worst-case scenarios would almost entirely offset the projected 214 million tonnes of CO2-eq savings from the post-2015 National Energy Efficiency Strategy to 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000903#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The coal IPPs use fluidised bed combustion (FBC) technology, which results in a GHG intensity of 1.23 tCO2-eq/MWh—approximately 24% higher than the current Eskom fleet average and 58% higher than the Medupi and Kusile plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000903#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Committing to the coal IPPs while attempting to meet the low-PPD carbon budget (9.5 Gt CO2-eq from 2020-2050) would dramatically increase costs, requiring higher investment in renewables to displace existing coal assets and increasing the mitigation burden on other sectors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000903#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The coal IPPs are not necessary for supply security because South Africa currently faces a large surplus in generation capacity, and the 2010 IRP demand forecasts were consistently overestimated.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000903#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The power purchase agreements (PPAs) for the coal IPPs include a fixed minimum off-take of 85% of energy generation capacity, which locks the country into future emissions and reduces system flexibility.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000903#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal-fired power station","greenhouse gas emissions","electric energy consumption","renewable energy","photovoltaics","onshore wind farm","natural gas","carbon tax","Paris Agreement","Nationally Determined Contributions","energy efficiency","carbon budget","stranded asset"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["least-cost optimisation modelling","scenario analysis","sensitivity analysis"]}]}