{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["lab experiment"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'lab experiment' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=lab+experiment","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"bc3res-000204","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/bc3res-000204","title":"Memory effect of appliance rebate programme: evidence from a lab experiment","publisher":{"name":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","organization":"basque-centre-for-climate-change"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2022-06","source_url":"https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/20220706121506213191801.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study employs a controlled lab experiment with 166 subjects to test the persistence of the RENOVE rebate programme's effect on fridge purchases. Findings indicate that while rebate programmes significantly increase the adoption of energy-efficient (EE) appliances, the 'memory effect' (continued EE preference after the rebate expires) is more likely among individuals with higher education levels and high environmental concern. Conversely, older participants and those in higher social classes are more likely to buy EE appliances regardless of the rebate, suggesting they are less sensitive to such financial incentives. The research also highlights that decision criteria, such as focusing on energy consumption or lifetime energy costs, significantly influence purchasing behavior.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000204#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The lab experiment demonstrated a clear increase in the adoption of energy-efficient (EF) fridges during the active rebate period, with the percentage of subjects choosing EF fridges rising from 60.24% in Scenario 2 (no rebate) to 89.75% in Scenario 3 (with RENOVE rebate).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000204#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A 'memory effect' was observed where the preference for energy-efficient appliances persisted after the rebate programme ended, although the percentage of subjects choosing EF fridges dropped to 66.86% in Scenario 4.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000204#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The probability of the memory effect is positively correlated with higher education levels (Bachelor's, Master's, or PhD) and high levels of environmental concern.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000204#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Age has a divergent impact: older participants are more likely to always purchase energy-efficient fridges but are less likely to be influenced by the RENOVE rebate programme itself.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000204#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social class significantly influences decision-making, with higher social class or income increasing the probability of choosing energy-efficient fridges, while lower-middle class subjects showed a higher likelihood of being affected by the memory effect.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000204#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Decision criteria play a critical role; subjects who primarily use energy consumption as their main criterion are more likely to choose energy-efficient options and exhibit the memory effect.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000204#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Recent experience in purchasing appliances (within the last 4 years) increases the probability of a consumer being nudged toward an efficient fridge while a rebate programme is active.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000204#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender differences were observed in the purchase of non-efficient appliances, with male participants being more likely to choose inefficient options, potentially due to gaps in energy-related literacy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000204#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy efficiency"],"geography_discussed":["Bilbao"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["lab experiment","probit model"]},{"id":"bc3res-000192","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/bc3res-000192","title":"Impact framing and experience for determining acceptable levels of climate change risk: A lab experiment","publisher":{"name":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","organization":"basque-centre-for-climate-change"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2020-11","source_url":"https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/20201111053032570769538.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study finds that visual appeals (photos) significantly lower the acceptable level of risk by triggering emotional and moral reasoning, though this effect is diminished when numeric data is presented as a range rather than a single value. Additionally, participants who experienced simulated damages increased their investment in protection in subsequent rounds, suggesting a reactive 'gut' response to experience that differs from the reflective reasoning triggered by visual cues.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000192#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Visual framings, specifically the inclusion of photos of climate impacts, lead to lower acceptable levels of risk (ALR) and higher investment in protection compared to text-only communications.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000192#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The influence of visual appeals on risk acceptability is stronger when damage costs are presented as a single value than when they are presented as a range, as the latter requires more cognitive effort and objective reasoning.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000192#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Presenting climate change damage costs as a range of values, rather than a single value, does not significantly change the overall level of risk acceptability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000192#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Personal experience of damages significantly reduces the acceptable level of risk in subsequent decisions, whereas those who do not experience damages maintain their initial risk acceptability levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000192#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Visual cues trigger a form of 'practical rationality' based on long-lasting narratives and moral duty, while the effect of experience is a transient, reactive 'gut' response that may lead to maladaptation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000192#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change adaptation","climate change communication"],"geography_discussed":["Zarautz","Basque Country","Spain"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["lab experiment","factorial design","within-subject design","ANOVA","logistic regression"]},{"id":"bc3res-000117","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/bc3res-000117","title":"Understanding Public Support for Externality-Correcting Taxes and Subsidies: A Lab Experiment","publisher":{"name":"Basque Centre for Climate Change","organization":"basque-centre-for-climate-change"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2013-01","source_url":"https://www.bc3research.org/h6T8Uy8Nm4gFs0O/201301310328091108627813.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The research paper employs a lab experiment with 195 subjects to compare public support for taxes and subsidies designed to correct a negative externality. The study finds that subsidies consistently receive higher support than taxes, a gap that is widened when participants have only partial information about how tax revenues are spent or subsidies are funded. While full budgetary information increases support for both instruments, it disproportionately benefits taxes. Interestingly, participants expected taxes to be more effective at reducing the externality than subsidies, despite preferring the latter. The authors conclude that the lack of trust or clarity regarding the use of tax revenues is a primary driver of tax aversion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000117#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Subsidies consistently receive higher levels of public support than taxes, regardless of whether participants have full or partial information about the budgetary rules.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000117#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Providing full budgetary information increases the acceptability of both taxes and subsidies, but the positive effect is significantly stronger for taxes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000117#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Under partial information, participants expect subsidies to increase their individual profits more than taxes; however, with full information, expectations for taxes shift from a perceived loss to a perceived gain.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000117#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Contrary to some existing literature, the experiment found that participants perceived taxes to be more effective than subsidies in reducing the total number of units purchased (the externality) when only partial information was provided.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000117#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The observed market efficiency gains following the implementation of either a tax or a subsidy (30-34 pesetas) were lower than the theoretical prediction of 70 pesetas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000117#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors conclude that the primary reason for lower support for taxes is the fear that participants will not receive the benefits from the tax revenues.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"bc3res-000117#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["subsidy","public policy"],"geography_discussed":["Spain","Bilbao"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["lab experiment","statistical analysis"]}]}