{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["infrastructure evaluation"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'infrastructure evaluation' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=infrastructure+evaluation","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"saiia-002020","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/saiia-002020","title":"Nuclear Energy in Ghana","publisher":{"name":"South African Institute of International Affairs","organization":"south-african-institute-of-international-affairs"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-03","source_url":"https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Special-Report-foy-bosman.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Ghana is pursuing a nuclear power programme to address chronic electricity shortages and support industrialisation, aiming for a plant by 2030. While the country has made significant progress in establishing a regulatory framework and converting its research reactor from highly enriched uranium to low enriched uranium, it still faces challenges in funding, stakeholder involvement, and the completion of a national strategy. The report also highlights Ghana's extensive use of nuclear technology in medicine, agriculture, and research.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-002020#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Ghana has experienced recurring electricity crises over approximately four decades, including periods from 1983–4, 1997–8, 2003, 2006–7, and 2011–2017. The 2014 crisis was particularly severe, causing a daily production loss of $2.1 million, totaling $680 million or 2% of the overall GDP.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-002020#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ghana is following the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) Milestones Approach to develop its nuclear infrastructure. An IAEA Integrated Nuclear Infrastructure Review (INIR) team visited in 2017 and 2019, concluding that Ghana had completed eight of 12 recommendations and six of eight suggestions by the second visit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-002020#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The government aims to have its first nuclear power plant operational by 2030. The estimated cost to build the plant is between $8 billion and $10 billion, and Ghana has sought financial assistance from China, Russia, and the Republic of Korea.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-002020#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ghana has established a legal and regulatory framework, notably through the Nuclear Regulatory Authority Act No. 895 of 2015, which created the Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NRA) to manage the peaceful use of nuclear material and radiation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-002020#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Between August 2016 and July 2017, Ghana successfully converted the fuel of its Ghana Research Reactor-1 (GHARR-1) from 90.2% highly enriched uranium (HEU) to 13% low enriched uranium (LEU). This process cost over $20 million and was funded by the US government's Global Threats Reduction Initiative.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-002020#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While there is currently no uranium mining in Ghana, studies between 1982 and 2012 indicated an increase in uranium concentration in rocks (<10ppm), suggesting a high chance of finding commercial deposits, particularly given the correlation with Ghana's extensive gold reserves.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-002020#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 2019 IAEA review team identified several areas requiring further action, specifically government funding, goals for local participation, fuel cycle options for the first plant, and stakeholder involvement planning.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-002020#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ghana utilizes nuclear technology for various non-power applications, including the Gamma Irradiation Facility for medical sterilization, external beam radiotherapy (using Cobalt-60 and linacs) for cancer treatment, and radiological imaging (CT and MRI) for diagnostics.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-002020#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["nuclear power","energy security","electricity generation","climate change","renewable energy","hydropower"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","Russia","South Korea","United States","South Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","historical review","infrastructure evaluation"]},{"id":"eesi-000420","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/eesi-000420","title":"Federal Support and Local Action","publisher":{"name":"Environmental and Energy Study Institute","organization":"environmental-and-energy-study-institute"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2020-06","source_url":"https://www.eesi.org/files/transcript_060220.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document is a transcript of a briefing featuring experts from the U.S. House Committee on Natural Resources and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources. It examines the devastating impacts of Hurricanes Irma and Maria, as well as recent earthquakes in Puerto Rico, highlighting the vulnerability of the electric grid and coastal infrastructure. The speakers argue that while Congress has approved significant funding for recovery and resilience, bureaucratic delays in federal agencies like HUD and FEMA have stalled the disbursement of these resources. The briefing emphasizes the effectiveness of nature-based solutions, such as coral reef restoration, for wave attenuation and coastal protection, while noting that traditional cost-benefit analysis tools often favor short-term returns over long-term resilient infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000420#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017 caused catastrophic damage in the Caribbean, with Hurricane Maria alone resulting in approximately 3,000 deaths in Puerto Rico and nearly destroying the island's electric grid.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000420#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Since late 2019, the southern region of Puerto Rico has been impacted by approximately 1,000 earthquakes, including 13 exceeding magnitude five, which further destabilized the already unreliable electric grid.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000420#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant federal funding approved by Congress for disaster relief and grid transformation has faced severe disbursement delays due to bureaucratic processes and slow publication of notices by federal agencies, specifically HUD.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000420#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Nature-based infrastructure, specifically coral reefs, provides superior coastal protection compared to man-made structures, with some reefs attenuating up to 97 percent of wave energy during major storms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000420#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Puerto Rico's Law 33 of 2019 establishes a policy for climate change mitigation and resilience, including a coal phase-out and a goal of 100 percent clean energy production by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000420#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Traditional cost-benefit analysis (BCA) tools used by FEMA, HUD, and the Army Corps of Engineers discourage the adoption of nature-based solutions because they prioritize rapid return on investment over long-term design life and lower maintenance costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000420#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sea level rise poses a critical threat to Puerto Rico's coastal infrastructure; a 10-foot increase by 2100 is presented as an extreme scenario that would severely impact international communications.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"eesi-000420#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coastal management","climate change adaptation","nature-based solutions","coral reef restoration","sea level rise","climate finance","energy transition","greenhouse gas emissions","coastal erosion","ocean acidification"],"geography_discussed":["Florida","North Carolina","Hawaii","California"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","damage assessment","infrastructure evaluation"]},{"id":"gem-000200","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000200","title":"Chinese Version 中文翻译--Draft 2 - China Briefing Draft - 18/06/26","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"zh","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/2026-07/GEM%20China%20Wind%20%26%20Solar%20brief%20July%202026%20-%20Chinese.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"China leads the world in planned utility-scale solar and wind capacity, with over 500GW already under construction. However, the transition has shifted from a 'capacity race' to a 'system integration' phase, where transmission bottlenecks and a continued reliance on coal-fired power for grid stability lead to increasing curtailment, particularly in the northwest and northern regions. While green hydrogen and local consumption offer paths for industrial decarbonization, there is a risk that these technologies may be used to justify the continued expansion of coal-based chemical industries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000200#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"China's planned utility-scale solar and wind capacity is larger than the rest of the world combined, with over 500GW of the total 1,360GW planned capacity already in the construction phase. As of June 2026, China has 664GW of planned utility-scale solar capacity, representing about one-third of the global total, and 698GW of planned wind capacity, which is more than 2.5 times that of Brazil, the second-ranked country.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000200#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Renewable energy development is highly concentrated in six provinces and regions in the northwest and north—Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia, and Shaanxi—which hold 714GW of planned capacity, over half of the national total. This concentration has led to severe curtailment issues; in 2025, solar curtailment rates in Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Gansu reached 10%–17%, while wind curtailment in the six northern/northwestern regions ranged between 4% and 9%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000200#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The transmission system remains heavily dependent on coal power. Since 2021, wind and solar have consistently accounted for only about one-fifth of the electricity transmitted via Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current (UHVDC) lines, while coal power accounts for 42%. Future plans for 11 UHVDC channels serving renewable energy bases include 129GW of wind and solar but also 40GW of coal power, suggesting coal continues to play a core role in transmission rather than a purely auxiliary one.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000200#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The '15th Five-Year Plan' for New Energy System Construction sets a target for wind and solar to exceed 50% of total power installed capacity by 2030, a goal likely to be met by the end of 2026 based on current pipelines. The plan also targets 300GW of new energy storage by 2030 and 2 million tons of green hydrogen annual production by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000200#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["wind power","green hydrogen","energy storage","Industrial decarbonization"],"geography_discussed":["Xinjiang","Inner Mongolia","Gansu","Qinghai","Ningxia","Shaanxi","India","United States","Australia","Spain"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["capacity assessment","policy analysis","infrastructure evaluation"]}]}