{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["geographic trend analysis"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'geographic trend analysis' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":4,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=geographic+trend+analysis","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"gem-000030","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000030","title":"追踪全球燃煤电厂发展","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"report","language":"zh","date_published":"2026-05","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/2026-05/Boom%20and%20Bust%202026_Chinese%20layout.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"In 2025, global coal capacity grew by 3.5% while generation fell by 0.6%, as coal plants increasingly serve as 'system insurance' rather than primary power sources. This trend is most prominent in China and India, where record-high new capacity is being offset by the rapid expansion of wind and solar energy. While the number of countries proposing new coal plants decreased from 38 in 2024 to 32 in 2025, significant expansion continues in China and India, which together account for 95% of global coal capacity under construction. In the US and EU, energy security concerns and government interventions have delayed planned retirements of coal units.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000030#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"China experienced record-breaking coal development in 2025, with 78 GW of new capacity commissioned (a ten-year high) and 161.7 GW of new or restarted projects proposed. Total capacity under development has exceeded 500 GW, despite a 1.2% drop in annual coal generation to 5,757 TWh.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000030#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"India's coal capacity grew by 3.8% in 2025, with 27.9 GW of new or restarted projects proposed and a government goal to add 100 GW of capacity over the next seven years. However, coal generation in India fell by 2.9% as non-fossil fuel capacity exceeded half of total installed capacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000030#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coal development is becoming geographically concentrated; only 32 countries proposed or built new coal plants in 2025, down from 38 in 2024 and 75 in 2014. Only 5% of global coal capacity under construction is located outside of China and India.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000030#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indonesia's coal capacity grew by 7% in 2025, with 25% of that growth linked to captive coal power for nickel and aluminum processing. Indonesia ranks third globally for proposed coal capacity at 11 GW.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000030#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal-fired power station","energy transition","renewable energy","wind power","solar energy","energy security","stranded asset"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","India","United States","European Union","South Korea","Japan","Turkey","Canada","Pakistan","Bangladesh","Southeast Asia","Latin America","Africa","Ukraine","Zimbabwe","Zambia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["statistical analysis","policy assessment","geographic trend analysis"]},{"id":"ember-000449","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ember-000449","title":"Grids for data centres","publisher":{"name":"Ember","organization":"ember"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-06-19","source_url":"https://ember-energy.org/chapter/chapter-1-grids-for-data-centres/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that while the EU aims to triple data centre capacity within five to seven years, grid congestion in traditional hubs like Dublin, Frankfurt, and Amsterdam is creating a primary barrier to growth. This is shifting investment toward markets with better grid preparedness, such as the Nordics and Belgium. Data centres are identified as unique grid challenges due to their large, localised, and continuous loads. Despite their economic benefits—including GDP growth and job creation—forecasts suggest the EU will likely only double its capacity by 2030, falling short of its target.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000449#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Grid congestion is the primary obstacle to data centre deployment in traditional European hubs, leading to restrictive measures. Ireland imposed a de facto moratorium on new data centres in Dublin until 2028, and similar challenges exist in Frankfurt and Amsterdam.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000449#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Data centres present specific technical challenges to electricity grids because they are large, localised loads that operate continuously and can ramp up operations faster than most other large energy users. In Italy, Terna reports that capacity applications for data centres average over 140 MW.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000449#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Electricity demand from European data centres is projected to grow from 96 TWh in 2024 to 168 TWh in 2030 and 236 TWh by 2035, an increase of nearly 150% over ten years. This growth is expected to be larger than that of electric vehicles by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000449#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The EU is likely to miss its goal of tripling data centre capacity within five to seven years, as forecasts from the IEA, IMF, McKinsey, and ICIS suggest a doubling of capacity by 2030 is more probable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000449#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Investment is shifting away from the 'FLAP-D' markets (Frankfurt, London, Amsterdam, Paris, and Dublin), which currently hold 62% of Europe's capacity but are expected to drop to 51% by 2035. Growth is accelerating in the Nordics and Belgium due to better grid planning and availability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000449#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["data center","electrical grid","energy demand","energy security","emission intensity"],"geography_discussed":["Ireland","Netherlands","Germany","Norway","United Kingdom","Italy","France","Dublin","Amsterdam","London","Frankfurt","Sweden","Denmark","Austria","Greece","Finland","Hungary","Portugal","Slovakia","Belgium","Flemish Region"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic impact assessment","infrastructure analysis","geographic trend analysis"]},{"id":"gem-000142","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000142","title":"Global gas pipeline expansion: Nearly US$200 billion under construction, with Asia building over 80%","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2023-12","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/migration/reports/GEM_Global_gas_pipeline_expansion_11.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Global gas pipeline construction has increased by 18% over the previous year, with approximately 69,700 km under construction at a cost of US$193.9 billion. Asia accounts for 82% of this construction, led by China and India. Other significant activities include the U.S. expanding export capacity from the Permian Basin and Haynesville Shale, and Argentina developing infrastructure for the Vaca Muerta shale gas reserve.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000142#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Globally, there are approximately 69,700 kilometers of gas transmission pipelines under construction, representing an 18% increase from the end of 2022, with an estimated cost of US$193.9 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000142#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Asia is the primary driver of global pipeline construction, accounting for 82% of the kilometers under construction at an estimated cost of US$117.2 billion. China and India are the most significant contributors to this development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000142#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"China has 30,300 km of pipelines under construction across roughly 150 projects, with an estimated capital expenditure of US$48.1 billion. This buildout is driven by the 14th Five-Year Plan's goals of energy security, economic growth, and a coal-to-gas transition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000142#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"India is expanding its network to establish a National Gas Grid, with over 15,000 km of pipeline under construction at an estimated cost of US$26.2 billion to increase natural gas consumption to 15% of total energy use.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000142#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The United States is focusing its pipeline buildout on increasing export capacity from the Haynesville Shale and Permian Basin to serve Asian and European markets, with 1,500 km under construction costing US$11.5 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000142#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Argentina is developing approximately 1,100 km of pipelines costing US$4.1 billion to connect the Vaca Muerta formation, the world's second-largest shale gas reserve, to the rest of the continent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000142#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Russia is constructing 2,900 km of pipelines at a cost of US$8.2 billion, shifting its export focus toward China and Asia following the loss of European buyers due to the Russia-Ukraine War.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000142#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["natural gas","shale gas","energy security","carbon capture and storage","green hydrogen"],"geography_discussed":["Asia","People's Republic of China","India","United States","Argentina","Russia","Iran","Pakistan","Australia","Mexico"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["infrastructure assessment","capital expenditure analysis","geographic trend analysis"]},{"id":"gem-000078","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000078","title":"Yükseliş ve Çöküş 2020: KÜRESEL KÖMÜRLÜ TERMİK SANTRAL TAKİBİ","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"report","language":"tr","date_published":"2020-03","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/migration/reports/BoomAndBust_2020_t3_11.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while the global coal fleet grew by 34.1 GW in 2019, this was primarily driven by China, as the rest of the world saw a net decrease in capacity. It highlights a continuing decline in new project starts and a significant increase in retirements in the US and EU, though it warns that current trends are insufficient to meet the IPCC's 1.5°C goal, which requires an 80% reduction in coal-fired power by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000078#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The global coal-fired power plant fleet grew by 34.1 GW in 2019, marking the first increase in net installed capacity since 2015. This growth was heavily concentrated in China, where approximately two-thirds of the 68.3 GW of newly commissioned capacity was added.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000078#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Excluding China, the global coal fleet shrank for the second consecutive year in 2019 because the capacity of retired plants exceeded that of newly commissioned plants (27.2 GW retired versus 24.5 GW commissioned).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000078#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The United States and the European Union saw significant retirements in 2019. The US retired 16.5 GW (nearly half of the global total), and the EU retired 7.5 GW. In the US, the average annual retirement rate under the Trump administration (2017–2019) was 13.7 GW, a 67% increase over the Obama administration's average of 8.2 GW.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000078#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Japan is the leading OECD country in new coal capacity development, with 11.9 GW in development. If completed, this would increase the lifetime CO2 emissions of Japan's current coal fleet by 50%, from 3.9 billion tons to 5.8 billion tons. Japan also provides public financing for 24.7 GW of coal capacity outside its borders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000078#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Turkey has surpassed India in the amount of coal-fired power capacity currently in the pre-construction phase, with 31.7 GW compared to India's 29.3 GW.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000078#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global coal-fired power generation decreased by 3% in 2019, leading to a record low average utilization rate of 51%. In China, 40% of the capacity commissioned in 2019 was immediately placed in emergency backup status, limiting its usage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000078#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report concludes that the world is not on track to meet the Paris Agreement goals. According to the IPCC, coal-fired power generation must decrease by 80% by 2030 to keep global warming below 1.5°C.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000078#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal-fired power station","energy transition","climate finance","carbon dioxide emissions","Paris Agreement","renewable energy","air pollution"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","European Union","Japan","India","Turkey","Vietnam","Indonesia","Bangladesh","South Korea","Australia","South Africa","Egypt","Philippines","Pakistan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["statistical analysis","geographic trend analysis","financial analysis"]}]}