{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["gender analysis"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":83,"relation":"eq"},"page":2,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=gender+analysis&page=2","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=gender+analysis&page=3","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"clipolin-001266","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/clipolin-001266","title":"INSTRUMENT ANALYSIS","publisher":{"name":"Climate Policy Initiative","organization":"climate-policy-initiative"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-09","source_url":"https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/SIV_Instrument-Analysis_vFinal.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Social Infra Ventures (SIV) is developing a model for affordable housing in Morocco that integrates climate resilience and gender-responsive design. The instrument utilizes a combination of equity and mezzanine debt to fund a pilot project of 250 units, with the long-term goal of listing its rental portfolio as a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) on the Moroccan stock exchange to create a self-funding mechanism for expansion. SIV targets secondary cities to reduce land costs and focuses on underserved populations, particularly women, by providing both rental and sale options and incorporating childcare and safety features into community design. Environmentally, the project adheres to IFC EDGE and Building Resilience Index standards to reduce carbon emissions and increase adaptive capacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001266#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"SIV's financial model aims to create a self-sustaining ecosystem by listing its rental platform as a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) on the Moroccan stock exchange, using the proceeds to fund future development phases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001266#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The instrument is designed to address specific gender-based barriers in Morocco, such as a 25 percentage point gender gap in access to financial services and a 17.4% literacy gap between men and women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001266#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"SIV targets secondary cities in Morocco for its pilot phase to overcome the high cost and low availability of land in primary cities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001266#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project's environmental strategy utilizes IFC EDGE and the Building Resilience Index (BRI) to ensure buildings are at least 20% more efficient in energy, water, and embodied carbon than local practices, with an ambition for 'EDGE Advanced' status targeting 40% energy savings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001266#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A pilot project in Northern Morocco is planned for 250 units with a CAPEX of EUR 6.6 million and an expected Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 20%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001266#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"SIV plans to scale its operations to develop 22,000 units in Morocco over 10 years, with a total estimated capital leverage of just under EUR 500 million, before expanding into West, Northern, and East Africa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-001266#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["affordable housing","green building","climate resilience","climate finance","urban infrastructure"],"geography_discussed":["Senegal","Ivory Coast","Tunisia","Egypt","Kenya","Ethiopia","Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["instrument analysis","financial modeling","gender analysis","impact assessment"]},{"id":"iisd-003740","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003740","title":"Les femmes et la mine du futur","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"fr","date_published":"2023-04","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-08/women-mine-of-the-future-global-report-fr.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report establishes a baseline for women's employment in large-scale mining across 12 countries, finding that while female participation is slowly increasing, the sector remains heavily masculinized with significant structural barriers. Women are often concentrated in administrative roles and face a 'leaky pipeline' where they leave the industry at earlier career stages than men. The document highlights a paradox where women in mining often have higher formal education levels than men but lack the specific technical and vocational certifications required for high-paying operational roles. It further analyzes how the 'mine of the future'—characterized by automation, digitalization, and decarbonization—could either marginalize women further due to a digital divide and STEM gaps or provide new opportunities in environmental engineering and remote operations. The report concludes with policy recommendations for governments and companies to improve gender-responsive data collection, workplace safety, and inclusive skill-development programs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Large-scale mining is a small direct employer nationally, but it is a critical economic driver in many countries. For example, in 2020, mining's contribution to the national economy was highest in Mongolia, Zambia, Chile, Australia, South Africa, and Peru.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The sector is overwhelmingly dominated by men; global estimates suggest 85% of the 21.4 million workers in the mining industry are men.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women's participation in large-scale mining is generally increasing, though the pace is slow. Sweden has the highest proportion of women in the total mining workforce at 25%, while Peru has the lowest at 9%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in the mining sector often possess higher formal academic qualifications than their male counterparts, yet they lack the specific technical and vocational certifications needed for operational roles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a 'leaky pipeline' in the industry, where women tend to leave the sector at an earlier stage of their careers than men, often starting to decline in the 35-44 age bracket.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender pay gaps persist across the sector. In Australia, women earn 83% of men's salaries in large-scale mining, and in Ghana, the median wage gap was 27.5% in 2013.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Workplace environments are often hostile to women due to a lack of gender-appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and basic facilities like separate toilets and changing rooms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women are more vulnerable to job loss during economic downturns. In Mongolia, during the 2020 pandemic, the employment rate for men in mining fell by 7.4%, while women lost 34% of their jobs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technological disruption, including AI and robotics, poses a high risk of displacement for low-to-medium skilled workers, a category that includes many administrative roles predominantly held by women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The energy transition is driving an exponential increase in demand for 'critical minerals' such as copper, cobalt, lithium, nickel, manganese, and rare earths, which may create new opportunities for women, particularly in exploration and environmental engineering.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mining operations contribute significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions, estimated at 4% to 7% of world emissions, with indirect contributions reaching 28% when coal combustion is included.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a critical lack of consistent, gender-disaggregated data in the mining sector, which hinders the development of evidence-based policies. Most national statistics rely on binary sex categories and exclude non-binary or transgender individuals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003740#insight-12","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality","energy transition","critical minerals","decarbonization","greenhouse gas emissions","climate change adaptation","digital divide","just transition"],"geography_discussed":["South Africa","Argentina","Australia","Brazil","Canada","Chile","Colombia","Ghana","Mongolia","Peru","Sweden","Zambia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["transnational analysis","baseline study","gender analysis","trend forecasting"]},{"id":"sei-001350","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001350","title":"Exposure to barbeque smoke in Vientiane, Lao PDR","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2023-01","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/exposure-barbeque-smoke-sei2023.001.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the health risks associated with charcoal grilling in Vientiane, Lao PDR, finding that workers—particularly women—face high levels of PM2.5 exposure. It highlights a lack of social protections in the informal food economy and recommends multi-sectoral collaboration to improve ventilation, promote clean fuels, and formalize labor contracts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001350#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"PM2.5 concentrations at 14 grill sites averaged 85 μg/m3, exceeding the Lao air quality standard of 50 μg/m3. Levels varied from nearly 22 μg/m3 to a maximum of 255 μg/m3, with higher average concentrations (143 μg/m3) found in markets than in restaurants, specifically noting extremely high levels in Nongdouang Market.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001350#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant majority of grill workers (83% of 362 respondents) are exposed to charcoal smoke for at least eight hours per day, six to seven days per week. Workers using indoor grills are approximately three times more likely to develop respiratory symptoms than those working outdoors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001350#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender disparities are prevalent in the grilled food sector, where nearly three-quarters of workers are women. Female workers are almost three times more likely to develop respiratory symptoms than men, potentially due to longer working hours and additional exposure to biomass fuels during domestic cooking.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001350#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in the sector face unequal working conditions and pay; they are more likely to work without assistants (48% vs 40% for men) or work entire shifts without breaks. Gendered perceptions label men as better suited for \"skilled\" grilling (e.g., beef or goat), while women are assigned lower-paid tasks like cleaning and serving.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001350#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Grill workers operate within the informal economy and lack essential social protections, including formal employment contracts, paid sick leave, and contributions to national health insurance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001350#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While personal protective equipment (PPE) such as face masks is generally available, it is not used consistently because workers find them hot and uncomfortable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001350#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["air pollution","clean cooking","social protection"],"geography_discussed":["Nongdouang Market"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["exposure assessment","gender analysis","policy recommendation"]},{"id":"transfor-000091","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/transfor-000091","title":"Women In Latin America: resilience in the face of multidimensional crisis","publisher":{"name":"Transforma","organization":"transforma"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://transforma.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/03_police-brief_mujeres-america-latina_ingles.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and environmental crises on women in Latin America and the Caribbean, specifically focusing on socioeconomic gaps, reproductive health, and water scarcity. Through case studies in Puebla (Mexico) and the Valparaíso Region (Chile), it argues for a three-dimensional approach to resilience—community, institutional, and policy-based—to ensure that decarbonization and recovery processes are inclusive and gender-just.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000091#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated structural gender inequalities in Latin America and the Caribbean, leading to a significant increase in poverty and unemployment for women. By 2021, the femininity index of poverty was 116 and extreme poverty was 118.3, compared to 113.9 and 115.5 in 2019. Female unemployment rose from 9.5% in 2019 to 12% in 2020, while male unemployment rose from 6.8% to 9% in the same period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000091#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Pandemic-related disruptions severely impacted women's sexual and reproductive health services in Latin America and the Caribbean. In early 2021, 64% of countries reported interruptions in family planning and contraceptive services, with some seeing a decrease of 50% or more. In Mexico, there was a 41.6% drop in family planning consultations for adolescents between 2019 and 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000091#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Puebla, Mexico, the lack of institutional resilience led to the suspension of the National Strategy for the Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy (ENAPEA) during the pandemic as resources were redirected to vaccines. This contributed to high pregnancy rates, with Puebla registering 75.61 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 in 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000091#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Community-led initiatives in Chile's Valparaíso Region demonstrate that pre-existing social networks enhance resilience. In Concón, the organization Patrimonio Vivo Costa (PAVIC) transitioned from pandemic aid to creating the first open-access community vegetable garden for women to promote agroecology and social encounter. In Petorca, the 'Forming cooperative and resilient leaders for water' project provided tools for domestic water efficiency, such as dry toilets, to combat severe water scarcity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000091#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document identifies that women's participation in leadership roles, such as water management in Petorca, is hindered by the 'double working day' and the unequal distribution of care work. It recommends implementing public caregiving systems and awareness campaigns to facilitate female leadership.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000091#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To achieve a 'just transition' and institutional resilience, the document argues for the mandatory use of gender-disaggregated data, gender-responsive budgeting, and the inclusion of marginalized groups—including indigenous and older women—in the design of public policies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000091#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate crisis","biodiversity loss","just transition","decarbonization","agroecology","water scarcity","community resilience","gender mainstreaming"],"geography_discussed":["Mexico","Chile","Puebla Municipality","Valparaíso Region","Concón","Petorca"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy brief","case study","gender analysis"]},{"id":"transfor-000117","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/transfor-000117","title":"Mujeres de América Latina: resiliencias ante la crisis multidimensional","publisher":{"name":"Transforma","organization":"transforma"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"es","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://transforma.global/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/mujeres-de-america-latina-resiliencias-ante-la-crisis-multidimensional.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women in Latin America and the Caribbean, highlighting gaps in economic participation and reproductive health. Through case studies in Mexico (adolescent pregnancy in Puebla) and Chile (community gardens in Concón and water management in Petorca), it argues for a three-dimensional approach to resilience: community, institutional, and public policy. It recommends the transversalization of gender perspectives in government strategies, the generation of gender-disaggregated data, and the strengthening of local female leadership to ensure a just transition toward decarbonization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000117#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated structural gender inequalities in Latin America and the Caribbean, leading to a significant exit of women from the labor force. Between 2019 and 2020, the female unemployment rate rose from 9.5% to 12%, while the male rate increased from 6.8% to 9%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000117#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Reproductive health services in Latin America and the Caribbean were severely disrupted during the pandemic. By early 2021, 64% of countries reported interruptions in family planning and contraception services, with some experiencing a supply drop of 50% or more.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000117#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Puebla, Mexico, the pandemic led to a lack of coordinated public policy to prevent adolescent pregnancy. While the health department provided telephone and WhatsApp advisory services, other agencies like Education and Substantive Equality failed to maintain gender-disaggregated data or budgets, and the National Strategy for the Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy (ENAPEA) was halted as funds were redirected to vaccines.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000117#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A community project in Concón, Chile, established the first free-access community garden for women (ages 35-80) to promote agroecology and social cohesion. While the project did not prove feasible for generating employment, it successfully reactivated the local social fabric and empowered female leadership through self-organization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000117#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Petorca, Chile, a project focused on rural drinking water systems (APR) implemented dry toilets to save water and provided leadership training. A key finding was that labeling activities specifically for 'leaders' hindered women's participation because they did not recognize themselves in that role and were burdened by domestic care duties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000117#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document argues that a 'just transition' toward decarbonization requires a transformative agenda that increases female participation in the planning and implementation of decarbonization measures and examines women's roles in new green jobs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"transfor-000117#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","biodiversity loss","just transition","decarbonization","green job","agroecology","water scarcity","water management","community resilience","gender mainstreaming"],"geography_discussed":["Mexico","Chile","Puebla Municipality","Valparaíso Region","Concón","Petorca"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy brief","case study","gender analysis"]},{"id":"saiia-001973","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/saiia-001973","title":"Africa’s Women and the Promotion of Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Science and Technology","publisher":{"name":"South African Institute of International Affairs","organization":"south-african-institute-of-international-affairs"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2022-11","source_url":"https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/SAIIA_PI_140_AfricasWomenPromotion.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document highlights a significant gender gap in nuclear diplomacy and science, noting that African delegations at NPT review conferences (1980\u00132015) had the lowest women's representation at 18%. It argues that women are disproportionately affected by nuclear radiation and conflict, yet are excluded from security dockets and decision-making. The brief emphasizes the potential of peaceful nuclear science and technology (NST) to advance Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Africa, particularly in electricity generation, agriculture, and medicine, noting a critical lack of facilities to treat cervical cancer, the most common female cancer on the continent. It also addresses the legacy of French nuclear tests in Algeria, where victims, particularly women, remain under-researched and uncompensated. The authors recommend prioritizing treaty obligations, investing in nuclear medicine, and increasing women's representation in nuclear education and multilateral delegations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001973#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"African women are severely under-represented in multilateral forums concerning weapons of mass destruction. Between 1980 and 2015, African delegations at Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) review conferences had the lowest rates of women representation, peaking at only 18%, which is significantly below the global average of 27%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001973#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) is the first international agreement to explicitly recognize the disproportionate impact of nuclear weapons on women. It mandates that signatories provide age- and gender-sensitive assistance, including medical and psychological support, and promotes the effective participation of women in nuclear disarmament.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001973#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women are biologically more susceptible to the harmful effects of ionizing radiation. This vulnerability is particularly relevant to the legacy of 17 French nuclear tests conducted in Algeria between 1960 and 1966, the impacts of which remain opaque and uncompensated, with no official studies released to date.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001973#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Peaceful applications of nuclear science and technology (NST) can drive development in Africa, but women are often excluded from these benefits. Specifically, Africa lacks the human resources and equipment to treat cervical cancer, which is the most common female cancer on the continent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001973#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a growing interest among African countries in nuclear power for electricity generation due to climate change and energy deficits. In sub-Saharan Africa, only 46% of the population had electricity access as of 2021, with 471 million people in rural areas lacking power.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001973#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in executive government positions globally are typically assigned to portfolios related to social affairs, family, or environment, and none occupy the security docket, reflecting a gendered view of security as a masculine domain.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"saiia-001973#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["nuclear power","gender equality","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["Algeria","South Africa","Libya"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","gender analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-002342","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002342","title":"A Gendered Analysis of Employment and Skills in the Large-Scale Mining Sector: Mongolia","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-08","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-04/women-mine-of-the-future-mongolia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the status of women in Mongolia's large-scale mining sector, analyzing legal frameworks, employment statistics, and skill development. It finds that while legal protections for gender equality exist, deep-seated stereotypes and inflexible working conditions persist. Women are underrepresented in technical roles and decision-making positions, and are more susceptible to layoffs during economic downturns. The report recommends improving gender-disaggregated data collection, implementing flexible work arrangements, and promoting STEM education for women to bridge the gender gap in the evolving mining industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002342#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Mongolia has established a legal framework for gender equality, including the Law on Promotion of Gender Equality (2011) and the 'Vision 2050' long-term development policy. However, the implementation of these policies in the mining sector is described as insufficient, with no significant change in gender equality observed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002342#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women's representation in the mining sector has declined over the last decade. In 2010, women made up 22.6% of the workforce, but by 2020, this figure dropped to 15.6%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002342#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in the mining sector are more vulnerable to economic volatility than men. During the 2014 downturn, women's employment decreased by 36% compared to 13.6% for men; similarly, during the 2020 pandemic, women's employment fell by 34% while men's fell by 7.4%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002342#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender segregation is prominent in mining occupations. Men dominate technical roles, such as Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers (95.2% male), while women are more concentrated in service, sales (44.8% female), and administrative roles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002342#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in the mining workforce generally have higher educational attainment than men, with 42% of women holding a higher education degree. However, they remain underrepresented in STEM fields and decision-making roles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002342#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The introduction of a national 14/14-day roster schedule (14 days on, 14 days off) is identified as a key provision to increase women's participation by improving work-life balance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002342#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant gender pay gap exists by responsibility level. According to NSO data, women earn 17-51% less than men in all professional categories except for Technicians and Associate Professionals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002342#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women are severely underrepresented in senior leadership. In the three surveyed state agencies, only 24% of managers are women, and the top leadership positions (Minister, Deputy Minister, Secretary of State) are all held by men.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002342#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mining companies generally lack gender-specific training and retraining programs, particularly for women returning from maternity leave, which can lead to women falling behind their peers in career progression.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002342#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Traditional gender stereotypes continue to influence career choices and hiring. Employers often perceive engineers as men and express concerns about women's family responsibilities during recruitment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002342#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality"],"geography_discussed":["Ulaanbaatar","Orkhon Province","Ömnögovi Province"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["gender analysis","quantitative analysis","policy review"]},{"id":"iisd-003741","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003741","title":"WOMEN AND THE MINE OF THE FUTURE","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-08","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-04/women-mine-of-the-future-peru-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the status of women in Peru's large-scale mining sector, finding that female labour force participation remained relatively constant at around 6% between 2010 and 2019. Women are primarily concentrated in administrative roles, with significantly lower representation in managerial (11%), operational (5%), and staff (4%) positions. The study identifies structural barriers including 'machismo', a lack of women in STEM education (only 30% of graduates in mining-related courses are women), and challenges in retaining female staff after childbirth. It also notes a gross gender wage gap in the sector of 6% in 2019, though this gap is higher in specific roles such as operators (34%). The document recommends incentives for women in STEM, improved recruitment processes, greater labour flexibility for parents, and increased transparency in employment data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003741#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Female labour force participation in the Peruvian mining sector remained relatively stable at approximately 6% from 2010 to 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003741#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women's employment in the mining sector is heavily concentrated in administrative roles, while representation in other categories is much lower: managerial positions average 11%, operational positions 5%, and staff 4%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003741#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant gender gap in education for mining-related fields, with women representing only about 30% of those enrolled and graduating from these courses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003741#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A gross gender wage gap exists in the Peruvian mining sector; in 2019 it was 6% overall, but significantly higher for operators at 34%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003741#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women's participation in large-scale mining varies by activity stage, with the highest average participation in the exploration stage (10%) and the lowest in the exploitation stage (6%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003741#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Contracting companies have the lowest female labour participation in large-scale mining, averaging around 4%, likely because they primarily perform operational work.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003741#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies 'machismo' and traditional perceptions of gender roles as primary barriers that limit women's participation and retention in the industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003741#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Retaining female personnel after childbirth is cited as one of the most significant challenges for large-scale mines in Peru.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003741#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Government expenditure on research and development (R&D) for the Energy and Mines sector is low, representing only 3% of total R&D spending between 2016 and 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003741#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality"],"geography_discussed":["Canada","South Africa","Chile","Norway","Denmark"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["situational analysis","descriptive analysis","gender analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-003742","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003742","title":"A Gendered Analysis of Employment and Skills in the Large-Scale Mining Sector: South Africa","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-08","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-04/women-mine-of-the-future-south-africa.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report provides a gendered analysis of the South African large-scale mining (LSM) sector, identifying a slow increase in female representation from 10% in 2015 to over 17% by 2020. While women are increasingly outperforming men in STEM and tertiary education, they remain under-represented in core mining operations and decision-making roles. The analysis highlights significant barriers, including a gender pay gap estimated between 23% and 35%, lack of gender-specific PPE, and persistent issues with gender-based violence and harassment. It recommends the development of a national gender strategy for mining, improved sex-disaggregated data collection, and targeted STEM career development to ensure a just transition to a low-carbon economy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003742#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Female representation in the South African mining sector saw a modest increase from 10% in 2015 to more than 17% in 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003742#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women are enrolling and graduating from tertiary education, including STEM-based streams, at higher rates than men in South Africa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003742#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite educational gains, women are severely under-represented in core mining operations and high-level management; only 19% of employees in top and senior management are women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003742#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant gender pay gap in South Africa, with a median range between 23% and 35%, though some sector-specific data suggests a higher ratio of 2.06 to 1.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003742#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in the LSM sector face systemic workplace barriers, including a lack of gender-specific personal protective equipment (PPE), inadequate sanitation, and the prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) and sexual harassment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003742#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The transition to a low-carbon economy and the decommissioning of coal plants in Mpumalanga and east of Johannesburg pose significant risks of job losses that may disproportionately affect vulnerable workers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003742#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a critical deficiency in the availability and standardization of sex-disaggregated data across public and private mining entities, which hinders the measurement of transformation goals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003742#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many women in the sector report a lack of awareness or implementation of gender-specific policies, with 53.8% of survey respondents indicating no such policy exists in their workplace.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003742#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","critical minerals","just transition","renewable energy","environmental, social and corporate governance","gender equality"],"geography_discussed":["Mpumalanga","Gauteng","Northwest","Limpopo","Australia","Canada"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["baseline study","gender analysis","gap analysis","policy review"]},{"id":"iisd-003743","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003743","title":"A Gendered Analysis of Employment and Skills in the Large-Scale Mining Sector: Sweden","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-08","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-04/women-mine-of-the-future-sweden.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the gender profile of Sweden's mining and quarrying industry, which is heavily male-dominated (77% men in 2020). It analyzes sex segregation across occupational levels, the impact of educational pipelines, and the influence of technological advancement on workplace culture. While women's representation has increased in some operational roles, it has decreased in top management. The report also discusses the persistence of 'macho masculinity' and the framing of gender equality as a business case for recruitment and competitiveness.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003743#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Swedish mining and quarrying industry is strongly male-dominated, with men constituting 77% of the 9,092 employees in 2020, making it the fourth most male-dominated industry in Sweden.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003743#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender segregation is prominent across occupational levels; men dominate Craft and related workers (92%), Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers (83%), and Management (79%). The only level dominated by women is Clerical and support workers at 78%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003743#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Between 2014 and 2019, women's representation increased among Plant and Machine Operators and Assemblers from 13% to 17%, but decreased among top managers from 27% to 21%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003743#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The industry is geographically concentrated in northern Sweden, with 67% of employees living in Norrbotten and Västerbotten counties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003743#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Educational pipelines show significant sex segregation; men dominate the vocational upper-secondary programs from which the industry primarily recruits, though women's representation in higher education degrees for Science and Engineering, manufacturing, and construction increased from 22% in 1999/2000 to 31% in 2019/20.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003743#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technological advancements and digitalization have reduced physically strenuous tasks, making mine work more accessible to women, but have also created a cultural divide where 'real' mining is still associated with manual labor and 'macho masculinity'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003743#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mining companies like LKAB and Boliden frame gender equality as a 'business case' to improve profitability, innovation, and attractiveness as employers, focusing primarily on recruitment strategies to increase the number of women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003743#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Health and safety indicators show a significant long-term decline in the lost time injury frequency rate (LTIFR) from the 1980s to 2010s, though data from 2014-2020 shows a significant increase in work-related illnesses and accidents among women in 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003743#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality"],"geography_discussed":["Norrbotten County","Västerbotten County","Dalarna County","Örebro County","Stockholm"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["gender analysis","baseline study","labor market analysis"]},{"id":"iai-001014","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-001014","title":"Decision XXIX/8: Recommendation by the Parties to continue to revise the Gender policy on IAI scientific projects and activities","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-05-09","source_url":"https://archive.iai.int/administrador/assets/images/ckfinder/files/IAI-CoP-30-9-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This document is a report and draft decision from the 30th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI), proposing the adoption of a revised Gender, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (EDI) Policy for scientific projects and capacity-building activities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001014#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The IAI Directorate developed a revised Gender, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Policy following instructions from Decision XXIX/8. The revisions incorporated feedback from the Executive Council, Parties, and the Science Advisory Committee (SAC) and Science-Policy Advisory Committee (SPAC), adding explicit mentions of intersectionality, intergenerational balance, and detailed concepts of equity, diversity, and inclusion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001014#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The proposed EDI Policy aims to mainstream equity, diversity, and inclusion—including gender considerations—into IAI science projects and capacity-building activities. It specifically seeks to facilitate the participation of underrepresented groups, which the document defines as including women, Indigenous Peoples, persons with disabilities, members of visible minority/racialized groups, and members of LGBTQ+ communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001014#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The document provides a rationale for the policy based on regional inequalities in the Americas. It notes that in the US, women comprise 27.5% of the STEM workforce, while in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), women researchers are underrepresented in STEM fields at 36%, despite a higher overall rate of women researchers (45.8%) than the global average (30%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001014#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Analysis of IAI-supported projects from 2002 to 2021 reveals a gender gap in leadership: only 22 out of 75 (29%) Principal Investigators were women. However, women represented 36% of all researchers in those projects. In contrast, IAI capacity-building activities show higher female participation, with women making up 51.5% of participants in 24 training events between 2012 and 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001014#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The policy outlines five primary objectives: promoting EDI in science; mainstreaming EDI in IAI activities (including grant agreements and fellowship selection); reducing imbalances in project selection through EDI training for peer-review panels; establishing an inclusive research environment (including work-life balance and flexible grant periods); and increasing regional capacities through mentoring and education materials.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001014#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The document proposes the establishment of a Gender and Equity, Diversity and Inclusion Committee. This committee, supported by the IAI Directorate and in collaboration with the SAC, SPAC, and Associates, would be responsible for implementing the policy and reporting achievements at the 31st meeting of the Conference of the Parties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001014#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Implementation of the policy is contingent upon the availability of external financial resources, which the IAI Directorate intends to seek from foundations, development banks, and donor Parties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001014#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality","equity, diversity and inclusion","capacity building","scientific research"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Latin America and the Caribbean","Canada"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy proposal","gender analysis"]},{"id":"napglob-000384","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/napglob-000384","title":"Pour un processus de Plan National d’Adaptation qui répond aux questions genre en République Centrafricaine (RCA)","publisher":{"name":"NAP Global Network","organization":"nap-global-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"fr","date_published":"2022-04","source_url":"https://napglobalnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/napgn-fr-2022-pna-genre-republique-centrafricaine.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the intersection of gender inequality and climate change in the Central African Republic, highlighting how socio-cultural norms, poverty, and conflict exacerbate the vulnerability of women. It assesses the current status of the National Adaptation Plan (NAP) and the national institutional framework for gender equality, finding significant gaps in women's access to land, decision-making roles, and education. The document concludes with specific recommendations for 'enabling activities'—such as improving sex-disaggregated data collection and strengthening institutional coordination—and 'operational priorities' across the agriculture, livestock, water resources, and education sectors to ensure climate adaptation is gender-responsive.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000384#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Gender inequalities in the Central African Republic are deeply rooted in social and cultural customs and are further intensified by poverty, political crises, and armed conflicts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000384#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women face severe systemic barriers to land ownership due to the primacy of customary law over formal land law, which privileges men in inheritance and land allocation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000384#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite providing a majority of the agricultural labor force (81%), women suffer from the 'feminization of poverty' in agriculture due to limited access to land, production factors, and decision-making power.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000384#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant gender gap in education and literacy; as of 2018-2019, the illiteracy rate for women was 75.1% compared to 52.6% for men.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000384#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women are severely underrepresented in government and public administration decision-making roles, with only 5 women ministers out of 39 and only 0.9% of all public service agents in decision-making positions being women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000384#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies a critical lack of updated, sex-disaggregated data, which hinders the government's ability to plan, monitor, and evaluate development and adaptation efforts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000384#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the water resources sector, community water management committees are predominantly male, despite women being the primary providers and users of water in daily life.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"napglob-000384#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["national adaptation plan","gender equality","climate change adaptation","climate finance","sustainable agriculture","water management","land tenure","climate change vulnerability"],"geography_discussed":["Bangui","Kenya"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["gender analysis","policy assessment"]},{"id":"iisd-002339","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002339","title":"A Gendered Analysis of Employment and Skills in the Large-Scale Mining Sector: Brazil","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-03","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-04/women-mine-of-the-future-brazil.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that while the Brazilian large-scale mining sector is experiencing a process of feminization—with female employment increasing by 127% between 2009 and 2019—significant gender gaps persist in remuneration, leadership representation, and the division of labor. Women in the sector are generally younger and more educated than their male counterparts, often holding advanced degrees even in technical roles, yet they continue to earn less in most occupations. While some companies are implementing Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DE&I) strategies, such as targeted training and adapted uniforms, the report argues that deep-rooted cultural biases and a 'masculinization' of female roles remain primary obstacles to true gender equivalence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002339#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Brazilian large-scale mining sector has seen a significant increase in female employment, growing by 127% between 2009 and 2019, compared to a 110% increase for men. By 2019, women represented 14% of the total workforce in the sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002339#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in the Brazilian mining sector are proportionally more educated than men; on average, 56% of women had an advanced level of education compared to 28% of men.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002339#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A persistent gender wage gap exists across most mining occupations. Women managers earn only 71% of what men in the same role earn, and women with advanced education earn an average of 84% of men's wages.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002339#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Female employment is heavily concentrated in iron ore companies (77% of women in 2019) and primarily in the southeast and northern regions of Brazil, although there is a trend toward regional decentralization.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002339#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women are increasingly entering traditionally male-dominated technical roles, such as mid-level technicians and maintenance and repair, with these roles showing high growth in female participation between 2009 and 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002339#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite quantitative growth, women remain underrepresented in leadership; only 11% of Executive Boards in surveyed companies are composed of women, and only 18% of participants in leadership development programs are female.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002339#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Cultural barriers and sexist stereotypes continue to hinder women's progress, including the assumption that women in remote areas are only there to accompany their husbands or the belief that professional competence is incompatible with physical appearance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002339#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Some companies are implementing DE&I measures, such as adapting uniforms for women and pregnant employees, and creating anonymous reporting channels for moral and sexual harassment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002339#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the coal mining sub-sector, specifically in a case study of a company in the south region, women hold strategic leadership roles but are almost entirely absent from technical and mechanical roles due to a perceived lack of interest and cultural discomfort.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002339#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality"],"geography_discussed":["Minas Gerais","Pará","Mato Grosso"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["gender analysis","quantitative analysis","qualitative analysis","case study"]},{"id":"iisd-003736","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003736","title":"WOMEN AND THE MINE OF THE FUTURE","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-03","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-11/women-mine-of-the-future-chile.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the status of women in Chile's large-scale mining sector, noting that while female participation grew from 6.16% in 2010 to 10.06% in 2021, the industry remains highly masculinized. It identifies significant gender pay gaps, particularly in cleaning and restaurant services (49.7%) and miner roles (17.9%). The analysis reveals that women are more concentrated in administrative, support, and high-education roles (such as geology) but are severely under-represented in core value chain operations like mechanical and electrical maintenance. Barriers to inclusion include persistent gender stereotypes, lack of suitable infrastructure (e.g., childcare and housing), and sexual harassment. The document also highlights a gap between the number of women graduating from mining-relevant STEM programs and those actually employed in the sector, estimating that only 25% of female professionals and technicians who graduated between 2010 and 2020 were working in mining as of 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003736#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Female participation in Chile's mining workforce showed a positive trend over a decade, increasing from 6.16% in 2010 to 10.06% in 2021, with the number of women employed reaching 27,715 by 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003736#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant disparity in women's participation based on mine size and location; larger mine sites and provinces with more than 20,000 employees have higher female participation rates, while small provinces are lagging.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003736#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women are under-represented in the core mining value chain, particularly in maintenance and operations, where they account for only 2.8% and 7.9% of workers respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003736#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Substantial gender pay gaps exist across the industry, with the most extreme gap found in Cleaning and Restaurant Services (49.7%), followed by the miner category (17.9%) and professional positions (5.8%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003736#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite high graduation rates in relevant fields, there is a major gap in the transition to employment; only 25% of female professionals and technicians who graduated between 2010 and 2020 were working in the mining industry as of 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003736#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in the sector face severe cultural and organizational barriers, including sexual harassment and discrimination. One study found 69% of women reported discriminatory practices, and 32% experienced double entendres, whistling, and catcalling.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003736#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected women's labor participation in Chile due to a 'caretaking crisis' and the closure of schools and nurseries, which increased domestic burdens on women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003736#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Chilean government has implemented several policy frameworks to increase inclusion, including the 2017 Guidelines of the Mining Industry for the Incorporation of Women and the NCH 3262-2021 Standard on gender equality management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003736#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality","energy transition","public policy"],"geography_discussed":["Norte Grande","Norte Chico","Antofagasta Province","Coquimbo Region","Atacama Region","Canada"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative analysis","qualitative analysis","gender analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-003737","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003737","title":"MUJERES Y LA MINA DEL FUTURO","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"es","date_published":"2022-03","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-07/women-mine-of-the-future-chile-es.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes the participation of women in Chile's large-scale mining sector, noting an increase in female employment from 6.16% in 2010 to 10.06% in 2021. While there is growth in leadership roles and professional engineering, women remain severely underrepresented in core operational and maintenance roles. Significant gender pay gaps persist, particularly in support services, and women face systemic barriers including sexual harassment, gender stereotypes, and a lack of childcare infrastructure. The document emphasizes that large-scale mines drive the overall increase in female participation, while smaller operations lag behind.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003737#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Female participation in the Chilean mining sector grew from 6.16% in 2010 to 10.06% in 2021, with the number of women employed multiplying by 2.4 times during this period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003737#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant disparity in female participation based on the size of the mining operation; large mines drive the overall increase, while small mines show a considerable lag.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003737#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women are concentrated in administrative and professional roles but are severely underrepresented in the core value chain, specifically in maintenance and operations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003737#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite a high number of female graduates in relevant fields, only a small fraction enter the mining workforce; it is estimated that only 25% of women who graduated in technical or professional mining-related degrees between 2010 and 2020 were working in the industry by 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003737#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Substantial gender pay gaps exist across the sector, with the most extreme gap found in cleaning and restaurant services, where women earn 49.7% less than men.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003737#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in mining face severe workplace culture issues, including sexual harassment and discrimination; one study found 45% of women experienced double-entendre jokes and 31% felt discriminated against in mining.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003737#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Structural barriers to inclusion include a lack of gender-appropriate infrastructure, such as bathrooms, and a deficiency in childcare services and flexible scheduling to balance work and family life.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003737#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There has been a positive trend in women occupying decision-making and leadership positions, with the percentage of female directors and managers increasing from 9.4% in 2017 to 16.9% in 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003737#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected female labor participation in Chile, as women bore the brunt of the care crisis due to school and childcare closures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003737#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality","energy transition","public policy"],"geography_discussed":["Antofagasta Province","Coquimbo Region","Atacama Region","Norte Grande","Norte Chico","Argentina","Brazil","Colombia","Peru","Canada"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative analysis","qualitative analysis","gender analysis","policy review"]},{"id":"iisd-002967","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002967","title":"Gendered Impacts of COVID-19 on Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM)","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2022-01","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-01/gendered-impacts-covid-19-asm.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on women in the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector, highlighting increased job losses, food insecurity, and health vulnerabilities. Through case studies in Zimbabwe, Peru, and the Philippines, it demonstrates how pandemic-related restrictions and market disruptions reinforced gender pay gaps and marginalization. The brief argues for the adoption of rapid gender assessments, gender-disaggregated data analysis, and gender-responsive budgeting to ensure inclusive recovery and structural reform in the ASM sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002967#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"COVID-19 reinforced and exacerbated pre-pandemic gender inequalities in the ASM sector, where women—who make up an estimated 50% of the global workforce—already faced barriers such as lower pay, exclusion from high-paying roles like digging, and a double burden of unpaid household work.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002967#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in ASM were disproportionately affected by job losses during the pandemic because their roles—such as washing ore, transporting materials, and providing services—were often viewed as \"peripheral\" and deemed unnecessary during site access restrictions. Additionally, school closures increased childcare burdens, preventing many women from traveling to mine sites.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002967#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The pandemic increased food insecurity for women in ASM communities. Research across 22 countries showed that female respondents reported their households skipping meals more consistently than male respondents, a situation worsened by food price inflation and the responsibility women often hold for household expenditure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002967#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Zimbabwe, the pandemic led to indirect health crises for women in ASM; reduced income and movement restrictions limited access to essential medicines and health items—such as birth control and antiretroviral drugs—which were often only available in USD or through suspended door-to-door services.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002967#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Peru, pallaqueras (women who collect residual gold ore) faced extreme economic vulnerability; as of June 2020, nearly 80% had not received government aid due to their informal status, despite 75% earning below the federal minimum wage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002967#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Philippines, the Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) in Luzon disrupted the gold supply chain, causing miners to sell gold at rates approximately 16% lower than pre-quarantine prices and increasing the unpaid care burden on women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002967#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document recommends three key pillars for gender-responsive policy: conducting Rapid Gender Assessments to identify immediate vulnerabilities, utilizing gender-disaggregated data to inform structural reforms, and implementing gender-responsive budgeting to ensure funding for women-specific needs like childcare and SGBV protection.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002967#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality","food security","social protection"],"geography_discussed":["Zimbabwe","Peru","Philippines","Uganda","Kenya","United Arab Emirates","Canada"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","case study","gender analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-002968","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002968","title":"LES EFFETS SEXOSPÉCIFIQUES DE LA COVID-19 SUR L’ACTIVITÉ MINIÈRE ARTISANALE ET À PETITE-ÉCHELLE (ASM)","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"fr","date_published":"2022-01","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-03/gendered-impacts-covid-19-asm-fr.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that COVID-19 exacerbated pre-existing gender inequalities in the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector, disproportionately affecting women through job losses, reduced incomes, and increased vulnerability to gender-based violence. Using case studies from Zimbabwe, Peru, and the Philippines, it highlights how women's roles—often considered 'peripheral' or informal—left them without government support and increased their domestic burdens. The brief recommends the adoption of rapid gender analyses, sex-disaggregated data collection, and gender-responsive budgeting to create emergency and long-term structural reforms that protect marginalized women in the mining sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002968#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic intensified existing gender disparities in the ASM sector, where women already faced obstacles such as lower-paying roles, exclusion from high-paying activities like excavation, and limited access to finance and land ownership.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002968#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in ASM were more likely to experience job losses during the pandemic because their roles—such as mineral washing, sorting, and providing food—were often viewed as 'peripheral' and deemed unnecessary under access restrictions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002968#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food insecurity during the pandemic disproportionately affected women in ASM communities, with a higher proportion of women reporting that their households skipped meals compared to men.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002968#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Peru, 'pallaqueras' (women who collect residual gold) faced extreme economic vulnerability; 75% earn less than the federal minimum wage, and nearly 80% received no government aid by June 2020 due to their informal status.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002968#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Philippines, the 'Enhanced Community Quarantine' (QRC) on Luzon led to a total suspension of gold production in areas like Itogon, leaving women without income and increasing their unpaid care work burden.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002968#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Pandemic restrictions increased the risk of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) for women in ASM; for example, in Kenya, some women were forced to mine at night to avoid restrictions, increasing their vulnerability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002968#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global policy responses to COVID-19 often neglected gender equality in the ASM sector, with only 23% of social protection or labor measures identified by the Global Gender Response Tracker being gender-sensitive.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002968#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document advocates for 'rapid gender analyses' to identify the immediate needs of marginalized women in ASM during crises, as detailed assessments are often too slow and hindered by a lack of sex-disaggregated data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002968#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality","food security","social protection","poverty reduction"],"geography_discussed":["Zimbabwe","Peru","Philippines","Uganda","Kenya","United Arab Emirates","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Zambia","Luzon","Itogon","Puno Department","Arequipa Department","Ayacucho Department","Canada"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy brief","case study","gender analysis"]},{"id":"foei-001052","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/foei-001052","title":"GENDER JUSTICE AND COMMUNITY FOREST MANAGEMENT","publisher":{"name":"Friends of the Earth International","organization":"friends-of-the-earth-international"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://www.foei.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Gender-Justice-and-Community-Forest-Management.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that the extractivist model, driven by capitalism and patriarchy, disproportionately impacts women by devaluing their care work and restricting their land tenure rights. It positions Community Forest Management (CFM) as a political tool for gender justice, emphasizing that women's specialized knowledge of biodiversity and their role in social reproduction are essential for territorial defense and food sovereignty. The framework calls for the recognition of women's land rights and active political participation to dismantle patriarchal structures and prevent the privatization of the commons.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The extractivist model, characterized by agribusiness, monoculture expansion, and mining, exacerbates violence against women and restricts their autonomy through the loss of food sovereignty, impoverishment, and institutional violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women perform the vast majority of unpaid care work globally, and the degradation of forests and biodiversity increases the burden of this work by endangering water, land, and health resources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite producing 60-80% of food in non-industrialized countries and playing a key role in conservation, only 30% of rural women worldwide own agricultural land, which limits their ability to participate in decision-making.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'masculinisation' of territories reconfigures community life around hegemonic masculinity, leading to the exclusion of women's needs, increased domestic violence, and the criminalization of women human rights defenders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women possess specialized, diversified knowledge of forest species, agrobiodiversity, and conservation practices that are critical for food security and the defense of common resources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Community Forest Management (CFM) serves as a political tool to counter the privatization of territories and the commodification of nature by centering care work and the preservation of life.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"foei-001052#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["extractive industry","biodiversity conservation","agroecology","land tenure","deforestation"],"geography_discussed":["Guatemala","Honduras","Nepal","Colombia","Mexico","Philippines","Brazil","Malaysia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy framework","gender analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-002341","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002341","title":"WOMEN AND THE MINE OF THE FUTURE","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2023-04/women-mine-of-the-future-ghana.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the status of women in Ghana's large-scale mining sector, finding that women are significantly underrepresented, particularly in technical and senior roles. It identifies barriers such as cultural norms, a lack of STEM education, and inadequate childcare facilities, while highlighting the role of company initiatives and advocacy groups in promoting gender inclusivity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002341#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Women's representation in the mining and quarrying sector is low, accounting for 18% of total employment in 2017. Within the specific group of 23 large-scale mines and their contractors, Ghanaian women's representation was 13.5% in 2017, falling to 8% in 2019 and slightly recovering to 9% in 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002341#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Employment patterns show that women are more likely to be employed at younger ages (below 34), with a relative lack of women in the prime age range of 35–44. This is attributed to career interruptions for family reasons, specifically maternity leave, compounded by a lack of workplace childcare facilities and inflexible work arrangements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002341#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women are concentrated in specific occupational roles; in nine GCM member mines in 2020, 90% of women were employed as labourers (49%) and managers (41%). While women dominated human resources roles (60% at Gold Fields Tarkwa contractors), they were severely underrepresented in technical areas, such as engineering (4% women) and protection services (1% women).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002341#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant gap exists in technical education and skills. Only 12.7% of women nationally have attained secondary, vocational, or technical education compared to 21.5% of men. In 2020, women accounted for only 10% of the skilled labour force in GCM member mines.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002341#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women have better opportunities for senior positions when employed directly by large-scale mines (14% representation) than through contractors (7%). Larger mines, such as Newmont Ghana Ahafo (20%), tend to have higher proportions of women in senior roles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002341#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a persistent gender pay gap in the extractive sector. While some companies like Newmont report a gap of 7% (women earning 93% of men's pay), the median gender pay gap for the overall extractive sector was 27.5% in 2013, largely due to women's lower levels of STEM qualifications.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002341#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Employment turnover for women is higher than for men. At Newmont Mine, company-initiated turnover for women more than doubled between 2016 and 2020, reaching 8.4% compared to 4.3% for men. Employee-initiated turnover is also higher among women, linked to dissatisfaction with pay and career progress.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002341#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Indigenous women are underrepresented compared to indigenous men. In 2020, indigenous women accounted for only 9% of the total number of indigenous employees in both large-scale mines and with contractors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002341#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality","energy transition"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["gender analysis","employment statistics","skills gap analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-002966","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002966","title":"EFECTOS DE LA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 EN LA MINERÍA ARTESANAL Y DE PEQUEÑA ESCALA (MAPE) SEGÚN EL GÉNERO","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"es","date_published":"2022","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2022-03/gendered-impacts-covid-19-asm-es.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document examines how the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated pre-existing gender inequalities in the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector globally, with a focus on women's disproportionate loss of income, increased food insecurity, and limited access to healthcare. Through case studies in Zimbabwe, Peru, and the Philippines, it illustrates how women's roles—often classified as 'secondary'—led to higher layoff rates and exclusion from government aid. The brief argues for a three-tiered policy approach: emergency rapid gender assessments, short-term resilience measures based on gender-disaggregated data, and long-term structural reforms including gender-responsive budgeting and formalization of the sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002966#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The COVID-19 pandemic intensified existing gender disparities in the ASM sector, where women already faced a significant wage gap and were excluded from higher-paying activities like excavation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002966#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in ASM were more susceptible to job losses during the pandemic because their roles—such as mineral washing, sorting, and providing services—were often deemed 'secondary' or unnecessary under restricted mine access.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002966#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Zimbabwe, the pandemic limited women's access to essential health items, including contraceptives and antiretroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS, due to reduced income and the collapse of door-to-door community health services.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002966#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Peru, 'pallaqueras' (women who collect residual gold ore) faced extreme vulnerability as ASM was not classified as an essential activity, leaving approximately 80% of them without government aid by June 2020 due to their informal status.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002966#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Philippines, specifically in Itogón, the pandemic disrupted the gold supply chain and transport, leading to a 16% drop in the price at which the mining community sold metal compared to pre-pandemic levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002966#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Government responses to the pandemic in the ASM sector were largely gender-blind, focusing on general coronavirus awareness rather than the specific economic and social challenges faced by women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002966#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document recommends 'Rapid Gender Assessments' as a critical tool for future crises to prioritize the immediate needs of marginalized women in ASM who are often excluded from formal associations and social security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002966#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Effective recovery requires gender-responsive budgeting to ensure public resources are allocated to address structural gaps, such as the lack of childcare, which was a critical barrier to women's employment during the pandemic.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002966#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["gender equality","food security","social protection"],"geography_discussed":["Zimbabwe","Peru","Philippines","Uganda","Kenya","Canada","Luzon","Itogon","Puno Department","Arequipa Department","Ayacucho Department"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy brief","case study","gender analysis"]}]}