{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["functionality assessment"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'functionality assessment' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":5,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=functionality+assessment","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"cdkn-000803","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000803","title":"Assessing the effectiveness of locally-led public good climate investments in water infrastructure in Garissa County","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/Technical%20Brief_Garissa_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 study found that none of the five water infrastructure investments in Garissa County were fully functional, with three partially functional and two non-functional. The primary drivers of failure were a lack of dedicated budgets for operations and maintenance (O&M), capacity gaps in local management, and limited early engagement with water institutions. The report recommends establishing sustainable financing mechanisms, integrating renewable energy to lower costs, and strengthening the technical and project management skills of local site committees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"As of 2023, none of the five assessed water infrastructure investments were fully functional; three were classified as partially functional and two as non-functional.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The sustainability of water security is undermined by Garissa County Climate Change legislation that prioritises new investments while providing no budget for the operations and maintenance (O&M) of existing infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A lack of O&M funding led to the total failure of two investments between 2019 and 2023, specifically due to the inability to replace ageing parts or repair pump and genset failures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant capacity gap in the management of these investments; although site committees exist for all projects, very few members have received training in facility management or basic maintenance skills.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Limited engagement with relevant water institutions during the design phase restricted their subsequent support, as the investments were viewed as solely community-owned and managed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-functional investments have experienced community abandonment, which has accelerated system deterioration and led to the vandalism of components.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000803#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water distribution system","Community based adaptation","climate finance","water security","renewable energy","climate resilience"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","functionality assessment","governance assessment"]},{"id":"cdkn-000804","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000804","title":"Assessing the effectiveness of locally-led public good climate investments in water infrastructure in Isiolo County","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/Technical%20Brief_Isiolo_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 study found that only two of nine assessed water investments were fully functional, with many others limited by inadequate maintenance, vandalism, and resource-based conflicts. While community-led planning and local knowledge improved sustainability, the report highlights a need for dedicated maintenance financing, better technical siting, and genuine gender inclusivity in management committees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"As of October 2023, the functionality of the nine assessed investments varied: two were functional, five were functional but not in use, and two were non-functional.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Long-term functionality has been hindered by a lack of regular maintenance, such as desilting and component rehabilitation; specifically, four investments that were functional in 2019 were no longer in use by 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Inter-community resource-based conflicts and insecurity have led to the destruction of infrastructure and the relocation of assets. For example, at the Harr Buyo Water Pan, the fence, pump house, storage tank, and gate were vandalised during conflicts between neighbouring communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The sustainability of investments is enhanced when local knowledge is integrated into planning, such as the community practice of using certain boreholes as strategic water points only during the rainy season to preserve rangeland for the dry season.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Incorrect technical siting can lead to project failure, as evidenced by the Kobe Dadach Guracha Borehole, which was deemed unsuccessful due to poor siting decisions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender inclusivity in project governance remains insufficient; while Ward Planning Committees comply with the two-thirds rule, men significantly outnumber women in site management committees, with the Belgesh Water Pan committee consisting entirely of men.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000804#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water distribution system","Community based adaptation","climate finance","water security"],"geography_discussed":["Garissa County","Wajir County"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","functionality assessment","governance assessment"]},{"id":"cdkn-000805","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000805","title":"Assessing the effectiveness of locally-led public good climate investments in water infrastructure in Kitui County","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/Technical%20Brief_Kitui_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A 2023 study of 12 water infrastructure investments in Kitui County, Kenya, found that 59% were functional or partially functional, while 16% were non-functional due to lack of maintenance. The report highlights that most investments failed to provide adequate water during dry seasons and suffered from insufficient funding for operations and maintenance. While local knowledge was integrated into planning via Ward Climate Change Planning Committees, the study recommends better integration of hydrogeological data, landscape restoration, and institutionalised project audits to ensure long-term sustainability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"As of October 2023, 59% of the 12 assessed water investments were either functional or partially functional and were considered sustainable for livestock and domestic use.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Approximately 16% of the investments were non-functional, primarily due to a lack of maintenance and repairs. For instance, the Mutethya Nzaini Earth Dam, which was partially functional in 2019, became non-functional by 2023 because of a breached embankment wall, vandalism of the fence, and poor spillway design.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Most water infrastructure investments failed to provide sufficient water during the dry season, often only remaining adequate during and shortly after the rainy season.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Long-term operations and maintenance were hindered by insufficient funding, a lack of cost-recovery mechanisms, and the unavailability of spare parts locally.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local communities were involved in the planning and execution of investments through community forums and public barazas led by Ward Climate Change Planning Committees, which helped identify and prioritise sites.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technical failures occurred because design stages often ignored climate and hydrogeological information, as well as landscape restoration. For example, earth dams lacked upstream check dams to control siltation, and the Kyandeve Earth Dam was sited too close to another dam, affecting water flow.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000805#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water distribution system","Community based adaptation","climate finance","water security"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","functionality assessment","governance assessment"]},{"id":"cdkn-000806","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000806","title":"Assessing the effectiveness of locally-led public good climate investments in water infrastructure in Makueni County","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/Technical%20Brief_Makueni_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A 2023 study of 13 water infrastructure projects in Makueni County, Kenya, found that most remain functional seven years after implementation. The success of these locally-led adaptation investments is attributed to the integration of local knowledge with technical data and strong partnerships between the county government and communities. While the projects have improved water access and increased agricultural incomes, challenges remain regarding siltation, funding for major repairs, and the need for green energy transitions to reduce production costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 2023 assessment of 13 water infrastructure sites revealed that seven were fully functional, two were partially functional, and one was non-functional due to silting. Three sites were not in use at the time of the study because of seasonality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The identification of suitable investment sites was achieved by combining technical climate and hydrogeological information with local knowledge gathered through community consultation and forums.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The water investments have positively impacted the community by reducing the distance women and children must travel for water and by increasing household incomes through new agricultural activities, such as micro-irrigation at the Ngutioni Sand Dam.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sustainability of the investments is supported by a partnership between the Makueni County Government, local communities, and institutions, with the county allocating 2% of its total development budget to the County Climate Change Fund (CCCF).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While minor repairs are typically managed by community user committees through water fees, there is a lack of financing mechanisms for major repairs, which are often too expensive for local resource mobilisation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000806#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water distribution system","Community based adaptation","climate finance","water security","Sustainable land management"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya","Kajiado County"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","functionality assessment","governance analysis"]},{"id":"cdkn-000895","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000895","title":"A longitudinal study on locally-led water infrastructure investments in select arid and semi-arid counties in Kenya","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/sites/default/files/2024-12/CDKN_Functionality%20Study%20Synthesis%20Report%20Kenya_WEB.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The longitudinal study evaluates water projects in Kenya's ASAL regions, finding a decline in functionality from 2019 to 2023, while highlighting the benefits of community-led investment and the critical need for dedicated operations and maintenance funding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The overall functionality of water investments declined between 2019 and 2023; functional projects dropped from 51.6% to 38.7%, while non-functional projects increased from 14.5% to 19.4%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite the decline, sustainability is possible, as 59.8% of the investments remained functioning eight to ten years after the first investments were implemented.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technical failures and poor maintenance are primary drivers of non-functionality, specifically pump malfunctions in boreholes and siltation in water pans and earth dams.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Poor siting of infrastructure, often caused by inadequate geological and hydrological assessments or a lack of actionable climate information, has rendered some projects non-functional.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Governance challenges include a lack of dedicated budget for operations and maintenance (O&M) at the county level and insufficient technical training for site management committees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The application of the principle of subsidiarity—involving communities in the identification, design, and management of projects—has fostered a sense of local ownership and resilience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Water infrastructure investments have provided significant socio-economic benefits, including reduced time burdens for women fetching water, increased school attendance for children, and improved food security through supported agriculture.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Environmental benefits include habitat restoration, reduced soil erosion, and the creation of microenvironments that attract wildlife and support biodiversity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000895#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["water distribution system","climate finance","Community based adaptation","water scarcity","Climate information service","gender equality","social inclusion","ecosystem-based adaptation","Sustainable land management","climate resilience"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["longitudinal study","functionality assessment","governance analysis"]}]}