{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["field testing"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'field testing' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=field+testing","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"prio-001563","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001563","title":"Measuring migration aspirations and related concepts","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2019-08","source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/c57a76ee-a48e-4c8d-a244-453149c35617/MIGNEX-Carling-Measuring-migration-aspirations-2019-v1.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document provides a systematic analysis of how to measure people's thoughts and feelings about migrating. It introduces a conceptual model that deconstructs survey questions into five components: nature of the mindset, temporality of the mindset, nature of the action, temporality of the action, and conditionality. Through a review of over 50 surveys and field testing in Cabo Verde, the author argues that binary questions are generally more reliable than open-ended or scale-based ones and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing between preferences, expectations, and considerations of migration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001563#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The author proposes a conceptual framework where survey questions on migration aspirations are deconstructed into five abstract components: the nature of the mindset, the timeframe of the mindset, the nature of the action, the timeframe of the action, and elements of conditionality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001563#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document identifies eight distinct variants of the 'mindset' in migration surveys: consideration, preference, willingness, necessity, intention, planning, expectation, and likelihood.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001563#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The author argues that 'migration intentions' is a problematic concept because it blends desirability and feasibility, is difficult to translate across languages, and often implies a degree of control that is illusory for the respondent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001563#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Field-based testing in São Vicente, Cabo Verde, confirmed that binary questions are generally superior to open-ended questions because they are easier for respondents to relate to and produce fewer requests for clarification.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001563#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Retrospective questions about the 'consideration' of migration are highlighted as particularly valuable because they are factual rather than evaluative, resulting in fewer ambiguous responses and greater robustness against short-term sentiment fluctuations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001563#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The author warns against 'acquiescence response bias' in questions that only specify one option (e.g., 'Would you like to live abroad?'), recommending balanced formulations that make both 'leaving' and 'staying' explicit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001563#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The research emphasizes that 'don't know' responses in questions about expectations and preferences often have substantive value and should be recorded as a distinct category rather than treated as missing data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001563#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document notes that context effects, such as the sequencing of questions or the use of loaded terms like 'opportunity', can significantly sway responses, meaning the overall proportion of respondents expressing a desire to migrate should not be viewed as a 'hard fact'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001563#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["methodological review","conceptual framework","field testing"]},{"id":"catf-000873","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/catf-000873","title":"Clean Air Task Force Investigations of School Bus Engine Crankcase Emissions and Controls","publisher":{"name":"Clean Air Task Force","organization":"clean-air-task-force"},"document_type":"fact sheet","language":"en","date_published":"2006-01-30","source_url":"https://cdn.catf.us/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/21093425/Diesel_Crankcase_Emissions_and_Controls.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document reports that engine crankcase emissions are the primary source of PM2.5 mass in conventional school bus cabins, while the tailpipe is the main source of ultrafine particles, black carbon, and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Research across four US cities indicates that while diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) reduce ultrafines and black carbon to ambient levels, they do not significantly reduce PM2.5. The installation of a closed-crankcase filtration device, specifically the Donaldson Spiracle™, was found to be critical and necessary to reduce cabin PM2.5 levels to near ambient levels across all tested bus and fuel combinations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000873#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The engine crankcase is identified as the largest source of PM2.5 mass affecting the interior air quality of conventional school buses, with emissions entering the cabin from below the door.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000873#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Tailpipe emissions are the primary source of ultrafine particles, black carbon, and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH) in the cabin, though they contribute little to no PM2.5 mass.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000873#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Retrofitting buses with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and using ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) effectively reduces ultrafines, black carbon, and PPAH to ambient levels, but fails to substantially reduce PM2.5 mass.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000873#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of a closed-crankcase filtration device, specifically the Donaldson Spiracle™, is the only method tested that consistently reduces cabin PM2.5 to near ambient levels, regardless of other retrofits or fuel types used.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"catf-000873#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["particulates","biodiesel"],"geography_discussed":["Los Angeles"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["empirical study","field testing"]}]}