{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["expert survey"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":46,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=expert+survey&page=1","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=expert+survey&page=2","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"cmw-000665","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cmw-000665","title":"Pagpondo sa pag-aalis ng coal","publisher":{"name":"Carbon Market Watch","organization":"carbon-market-watch"},"document_type":"report","language":"tl","date_published":"2025-10","source_url":"https://carbonmarketwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Filipino_Financing-the-coal-exit-Are-transition-credits-a-hype-or-an-effective-climate-tool-in-Southeast-Asia_final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines 'coal transition credits' as a financial tool for early coal plant closure in Southeast Asia. It finds significant expert skepticism, with only 2 out of 10 experts viewing them as effective. Major risks identified include carbon leakage, baseline inflation, and 'perverse incentives' that may reward polluters. The document concludes that CTCs are not a reliable exit strategy and emphasizes the need for systemic public policy and funding over market-based offsets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000665#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Expert confidence in coal transition credits as an effective mechanism for phasing out coal plants in Southeast Asia is very low, with only two out of ten surveyed experts believing they are effective.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000665#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Carbon leakage is identified as the primary risk to environmental integrity, particularly in coal-dependent nations like Indonesia, where closing one plant may simply shift production to other coal or gas facilities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000665#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant risk of 'baseline inflation' and over-crediting due to the subjective nature of estimating avoided emissions and the failure to account for falling renewable energy costs and stricter climate policies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000665#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current crediting methodologies, including Verra's VM0052, are criticized for not covering 'captive' coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) that supply specific industries like nickel, steel, or cement, potentially allowing new captive plants to be built while old ones are closed for credits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000665#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report warns of 'perverse incentives' where the prospect of compensation via credits might encourage plant owners to delay closures or inflate baselines, effectively reversing the 'polluter pays' principle by rewarding polluters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000665#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Just transition safeguards for workers and communities are viewed as conditional and often superficial, with concerns that severance and retraining are treated as costs to be minimized rather than long-term security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000665#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Market demand for these credits is highly uncertain; seven out of ten experts are unsure if strong buyer demand will emerge, and there are fears that oversupply could destabilize the voluntary carbon market, similar to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) experience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000665#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Southeast Asia, the average age of coal plants is under 15 years, making early retirement financially difficult as recent investments have not yet been recovered, often leading to 'coal lock-in' through long-term power purchase agreements (PPAs).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000665#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal-fired power station","carbon credit","carbon offset","just transition","carbon leakage","renewable energy","climate finance","Just Energy Transition Partnership","power purchase agreement","decarbonization"],"geography_discussed":["Indonesia","Philippines","Vietnam","Singapore","World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","policy analysis","methodological review"]},{"id":"cmw-000684","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cmw-000684","title":"Financing the coal exit","publisher":{"name":"Carbon Market Watch","organization":"carbon-market-watch"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-10","source_url":"https://carbonmarketwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Financing-the-coal-exit-Are-transition-credits-a-hype-or-an-effective-climate-tool-in-Southeast-Asia-1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines 'coal transition credits' (CTCs) as a mechanism to accelerate the phase-out of coal-fired power plants in Southeast Asia. While proponents suggest CTCs can unlock private finance for early retirement and just transition measures, a survey of 10 experts reveals widespread skepticism. Key concerns include the risk of carbon leakage, where retired capacity is replaced by other fossil fuels, and the difficulty of establishing conservative baselines to prove additionality. Experts warn that CTCs could create perverse incentives, rewarding polluters and encouraging the delay of retirements to maximize credit issuance. Furthermore, the report highlights structural barriers in Southeast Asia, such as young coal plant fleets and rigid power purchase agreements, and notes that current methodologies, including Verra's VM0052, may have loopholes regarding 'captive' coal plants. The findings suggest that without rigorous guardrails and a focus on public finance, CTCs risk being a tool for greenwashing rather than a driver of genuine climate impact.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000684#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Current crediting methodologies, such as Verra's VM0052, are criticized for excluding 'captive' coal plants—facilities serving specific industries like nickel or steel—which could allow new coal capacity to replace retired plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000684#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The potential for CTCs to support a 'just transition' is seen as highly conditional, requiring strict stipulations that revenues are earmarked for worker retraining and community support to avoid minimal, 'box-ticking' exercises.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000684#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Coal phase-out","carbon credit","carbon offset","just transition","carbon leakage","Blended Finance","power purchase agreement","renewable energy","energy security","greenwashing"],"geography_discussed":["Vietnam"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","literature review","policy assessment"]},{"id":"cmw-000718","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cmw-000718","title":"Membiayai Penghentian Batu Bara","publisher":{"name":"Carbon Market Watch","organization":"carbon-market-watch"},"document_type":"report","language":"id","date_published":"2025-10","source_url":"https://carbonmarketwatch.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ID_Financing-the-coal-exit_final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines 'coal transition credits' (CTC)—carbon credits generated by retiring coal plants early and replacing them with renewables—as a way to fund the energy transition in Southeast Asia. Based on a survey of 10 experts, the document finds deep skepticism regarding the instrument's effectiveness. Key concerns include 'carbon leakage' (where retired capacity is replaced by other fossil fuels), the subjectivity of baseline scenarios leading to over-issuance, and the risk of 'greenwashing' or rewarding polluters. Experts highlight that only 2 out of 10 view CTCs as effective, warning that without strict safeguards, these credits could undermine genuine decarbonization and fail to provide a 'just transition' for affected workers and communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000718#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Expert confidence in coal transition credits is very low, with only 2 out of 10 surveyed experts considering them an effective instrument for accelerating the coal phase-out in Southeast Asia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000718#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Carbon leakage is identified as the most dominant environmental integrity risk, particularly in coal-dependent countries like Indonesia, where retiring one plant may simply shift electricity production to other coal or gas facilities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000718#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The determination of baseline scenarios is highly subjective and uncertain, creating a significant risk of over-issuing credits by inflating emission reduction claims.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000718#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Current methodologies, including Verra's VM0052, are criticized for excluding 'captive' coal plants (those supplying specific industries like nickel or steel), which allows new coal capacity to be built while old plants are retired for credits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000718#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a systemic risk that these credits reverse the 'polluter pays' principle by rewarding asset owners for stopping pollution rather than holding them accountable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000718#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The potential for a 'just transition' is viewed as conditional and uncertain; experts warn that funds for worker retraining and community support are often treated as costs to be minimized.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000718#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Market demand for these credits is highly uncertain, with 7 out of 10 experts unsure if high buyer demand will materialize, potentially leading to market instability or price crashes similar to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000718#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Structural conflicts of interest exist within the carbon market, as standard-setting bodies earn revenue from credit issuance and third-party auditors are paid by project developers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000718#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Southeast Asia, the young average age of coal plants (under 15 years) and rigid Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) make early retirement financially complex and costly, with estimated compensation costs in Indonesia alone reaching $37 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cmw-000718#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["Coal phase-out","carbon emission trading","carbon offset","Just Energy Transition Partnership","carbon leakage","just transition","renewable energy","power purchase agreement","carbon credit","greenwashing"],"geography_discussed":["Indonesia","Vietnam","Philippines","Singapore"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","policy assessment","literature review"]},{"id":"iai-000078","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000078","title":"Transboundary groundwater governance in the Guarani Aquifer System: reflections from a survey of global and regional experts","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2025-01-15","source_url":"https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/transboundary-groundwater-governance-in-the-guarani-aquifer-system-reflections-from-a-survey-of-global-and-regional-experts/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document presents survey results from global and regional experts on the governance of the Guarani Aquifer System. Experts identified gaps in regulation and data, noted that contamination and overdrafting are currently localized, and viewed groundwater as a state-administered public resource. While a formal transboundary agreement is progressing, the findings emphasize the necessity of governance at local and national scales.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000078#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts believe that groundwater withdrawal and quality are not sufficiently regulated, and that there is a lack of adequate data and information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000078#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Contamination and the over-extraction of groundwater are currently viewed as being primarily localized and in early stages along international borders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000078#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Groundwater is perceived as a shared resource managed by the state for public use rather than as private property.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000078#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite progress toward a formal transboundary aquifer agreement, governance at the local and national levels remains critical.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000078#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey"]},{"id":"ipie-000001","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000001","title":"Expert Survey on the Global Information Environment 2025: Safeguarding Epistemic Security","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://www.ipie.info/research/sfp2025-4","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2025 Expert Survey on the Global Information Environment, involving 438 researchers across 76 countries, examines the state of 'epistemic security'—the reliability of information supply chains. The report finds that while social media can increase political participation, it also drives polarization and distrust in institutions. A significant 66% of surveyed experts reported experiencing harassment, intervention, or chilling effects in their scientific work, with funding constraints and data access remaining primary barriers. Regarding AI, there is strong expert consensus (60%) that AI-generated content should be clearly labeled, and 83% believe such labeling would improve the information environment. The document advocates for treating the information environment as critical infrastructure, recommending independent algorithmic auditing and stronger protections for researchers and journalists.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000001#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Social media platforms have a contradictory impact on the information environment, simultaneously increasing political participation and informing users on cultural, economic, and political issues, while also increasing political polarization, populist sentiment, and mental health issues, and decreasing trust in institutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000001#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Researchers studying the information environment face significant professional risks and barriers; 66% of the surveyed community reported harassment, intervention, or chilling effects, and 73% reported some form of harassment, intervention, chilling effect, or self-censorship.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000001#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most prevalent obstacles for experts in this field are financial and data-related, with 62% citing funding constraints and 49% citing insufficient data access.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000001#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a strong expert consensus on the need for transparency regarding synthetic content, with 60% stating AI-generated content should be clearly labeled and 83% believing that such labeling would improve the information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000001#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Experts advocate for systemic safeguards in the AI era, including regular independent audits of algorithms to mitigate bias and promote a diversity of perspectives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000001#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A healthy information environment is fundamentally characterized by the availability of accurate information and the presence of diverse voices.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000001#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Western Europe","Brazil","People's Republic of China","Kenya","India","Mexico"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","policy recommendations"]},{"id":"ipie-000027","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000027","title":"Trends in the Information environment: 2025 Expert Survey Results","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://www.ipie.info/research/sr2025-2","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report presents findings from the 2025 IPIE Expert Survey, highlighting a growing pessimism about the future of the information environment. It identifies the availability of accurate information and diverse voices as essential for a healthy environment, while citing lack of platform accountability as a primary threat. The document also examines the mixed impact of social media, the negative perceptions of generative AI, and the increasing barriers faced by researchers, particularly regarding funding and academic freedom.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000027#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts consistently identify the availability of accurate information and the presence of diverse voices as the most critical components of a healthy information environment. Specifically, 67% of experts view the availability of accurate information as \"absolutely essential\".","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000027#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant regional divide regarding the primary barriers to media diversity. Experts focusing on developed countries primarily cite the \"dominance of large private media companies\" (32%), whereas those studying developing countries identify \"political control or censorship\" as the top barrier (32%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000027#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Lack of platform accountability is viewed as a major threat, with 76% of experts classifying it as a \"big or extreme threat\". Other significant threats include mis/disinformation, polarization, and concentrated media ownership.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000027#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Generative AI is perceived as having a mostly negative impact on the information environment, with experts expecting these negative effects to increase over the next five years. AI-generated videos are considered more threatening than AI-generated text.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000027#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media is viewed as a double-edged sword: over 75% of experts believe it has increased polarization, populism, and mental health issues, yet more than half believe it has increased political participation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000027#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Research barriers have shifted, with funding opportunities (62%) now overtaking data access (49%) as the most frequently mentioned obstacle. US-based experts are particularly likely to report \"government control of funding\" (48%) as a barrier.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000027#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Researchers face significant personal and professional risks; 23% reported being \"harassed or doxed\", and one-third of experts reported self-censoring on social media due to career concerns.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000027#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Expert pessimism regarding the future of the information environment has risen steadily from 54% in 2023 to 72% in 2025. In 2025, experts in developed countries (76%) were more pessimistic than those in developing countries (67%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000027#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","People's Republic of China","Kenya","India","Mexico"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","comparative analysis","trend analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000098","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000098","title":"2025 年全球信息环境专家 调查： 保障认知安全","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"vi","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/69f477a1fb36421adeccb464_Expert%20Survey%202025%20SPF%20Final%20Chinese.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2025 IPIE expert survey reveals growing pessimism about the global information environment, with 72% of respondents expecting it to worsen. The report highlights a 'chilling effect' on researchers, the complex dual role of social media in promoting political participation while increasing polarization, and a strong expert consensus on the need for clear labeling of AI-generated content and regular algorithmic audits to safeguard cognitive security.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000098#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Social media has a contradictory impact on society: while 88% of experts believe it exacerbates social polarization, 61% acknowledge that it promotes political participation. In contrast, 80% of respondents view search engines as having an overall positive effect, particularly when compared to AI and recommendation systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000098#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Researchers studying the information environment are experiencing a significant 'chilling effect' and institutional barriers. Approximately 73% of experts report experiencing harassment, interference, or self-censorship. Specifically, 34% admit to self-censoring on social media due to professional concerns (rising to 40% for experts in developing countries), and 23% fear the loss of research funding or have suffered harassment and doxing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000098#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a strong expert consensus on policy measures for the AI era to ensure cognitive security. 60% of experts recommend that AI-generated content must be clearly labeled, and over 75% agree that algorithms should be audited regularly to identify and reduce bias.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000098#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Western Europe","Brazil","People's Republic of China","Kenya","India","Mexico"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","executive summary"]},{"id":"ipie-000099","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000099","title":"Опрос экспертов о глобальной информационной среде, 2025 г.","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"ru","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/69f4782a66854fb8c921b7de_Expert%20Survey%202025%20SPF%20Final%20Russian.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2025 IPIE expert survey reveals growing pessimism regarding the global information environment, with 72% of experts expecting further deterioration. While social networks are seen as drivers of both political polarization and engagement, researchers face significant barriers including self-censorship and harassment. The report advocates for systemic safeguards in the AI era, such as mandatory content labeling and algorithmic audits, to protect the integrity of information supply chains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000099#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Expert sentiment regarding the global information environment is increasingly pessimistic, with 72% of respondents expecting it to worsen, compared to 54% in 2023. Three-quarters (75%) of experts identify the lack of accountability for digital platforms as the most severe global threat.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000099#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media has a contradictory impact on society: 88% of experts believe it has increased polarization, yet 61% acknowledge it has fostered political engagement. In contrast, over 75% of experts view search engines as having a positive influence on society.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000099#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Researchers studying the information environment face significant professional risks and pressures. Approximately 73% report experiencing demotivating effects, including self-censorship, harassment, or political interference. Specifically, 34% admit to self-censoring on social media due to career concerns, a figure that rises to 40% for specialists in developing countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000099#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a strong expert consensus on policy measures to mitigate AI-related risks. 60% of experts recommend the clear labeling of AI-generated content, and 83% believe such labeling would improve the information environment. Additionally, over two-thirds support regular algorithmic audits to eliminate bias and promote a diversity of viewpoints.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000099#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Western Europe","Brazil","People's Republic of China","Kenya","India","Mexico"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","policy analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000100","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000100","title":"Enquête auprès d’experts sur l’environnement mondial de l’information 2025","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"fr","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/69f478afc3636239dea02997_Expert%20Survey%202025%20SPF%20Final%20French.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2025 IPIE Expert Survey reveals increasing pessimism about the global information environment, with 72% of experts expecting further degradation. While social media is seen to both increase political participation and exacerbate polarization, there is a strong expert consensus on the need for AI-generated content labeling and algorithmic auditing. Additionally, the report highlights significant systemic pressures on researchers, including harassment and self-censorship, particularly in developing economies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000100#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Expert pessimism regarding the global information environment has increased significantly, with 72% of respondents expecting it to degrade, compared to 54% in 2023. Additionally, 75% of those surveyed identify the lack of platform accountability as the most severe global threat.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000100#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms have a contradictory impact on society: 88% of experts believe they have increased polarization, yet 61% state they have fostered political participation. In contrast, over 80% of respondents view search engines positively, especially when compared to AI, social networks, and recommendation systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000100#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","People's Republic of China","Kenya","India","Mexico","Western Europe"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey"]},{"id":"ipie-000101","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000101","title":"Encuesta de 2025 a expertos sobre el entorno global de la información: Salvaguardar la seguridad","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"es","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/69f4791816494217abdb4650_Expert%20Survey%202025%20SPF%20Final%20Spanish.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2025 IPIE Expert Survey reveals increasing pessimism regarding the global information environment, with 72% of experts expecting it to worsen. While social media is seen as a driver of both political polarization and participation, researchers face significant barriers, including harassment and self-censorship. Experts advocate for specific AI safeguards, such as mandatory labeling of synthetic content and periodic algorithmic audits, to protect the reliability of information supply chains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000101#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Expert pessimism regarding the global information environment has increased significantly, with 72% of respondents expecting it to worsen in 2025, compared to 54% in 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000101#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The lack of platform accountability is identified by 75% of experts as the most severe global threat to the information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000101#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms have a contradictory impact: 88% of experts believe they have increased polarization, yet 61% state they have fostered political participation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000101#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Search engines are viewed more positively than other technologies, with over 80% of experts stating they have positive effects, especially when compared to AI, social media, and recommendation systems.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000101#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Researchers studying the information environment face substantial professional risks; 73% report chilling effects such as self-censorship, harassment, or fear of losing funding, with 34% admitting to self-censoring on social media for career reasons.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000101#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a strong expert consensus on policy responses for AI, with 60% recommending that AI-generated content be clearly labeled and over 75% agreeing that such labeling would improve the information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000101#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Experts advocate for systemic safeguards including periodic algorithmic audits to mitigate bias and the protection of journalists and freedom of information standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000101#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","People's Republic of China","Kenya","India","Mexico","Western Europe"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","executive summary"]},{"id":"ipie-000102","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000102","title":"Expert Survey on the Global Information Environment 2025","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/69f47a4fcc6e5160630122df_Expert%20Survey%202025%20SPF%20Final%20English.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2025 Expert Survey on the Global Information Environment reveals growing pessimism, with 72% of experts expecting the information environment to worsen. The report highlights a complex relationship with social media, where platforms are seen to increase polarization while promoting political participation. It also documents significant 'chilling effects' on researchers, with 73% reporting harassment, self-censorship, or funding fears. To safeguard epistemic security in the AI era, experts recommend clear labeling of AI-generated content and regular algorithmic audits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000102#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Expert pessimism regarding the global information environment has increased significantly, with 72% of respondents expecting it to worsen in 2025, compared to 54% in 2023. Three-quarters (75%) of experts identify the lack of platform accountability as the most severe global threat.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000102#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media has contradictory effects on the information environment: 88% of experts believe it has increased polarization, yet 61% state it has promoted political participation. In contrast, 80% of respondents view search engines as having a positive impact on society.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000102#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Researchers studying the information environment face substantial professional risks and 'chilling effects.' Overall, 73% of experts report experiencing harassment, intervention, or self-censorship. Specifically, 34% admit to self-censoring on social media due to career concerns, a figure that rises to 40% for experts in developing countries. Additionally, 23% fear the loss of research funding or report being doxed or harassed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000102#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a strong expert consensus on policy safeguards for the AI era. 60% of experts recommend that AI-generated content be clearly labeled, and 83% believe such labeling would improve the information environment. Furthermore, over two-thirds of experts support the regular auditing of algorithms to mitigate biases and promote a diversity of perspectives.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000102#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Western Europe","Brazil","People's Republic of China","Kenya","India","Mexico"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","meta-analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000110","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000110","title":"استطالع آراء الخرباء حول البيئة المعلوماتية العالمية لعام 2025 حماية األمن المعرف","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"ar","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6a465a1f0bc22c3e9dc00dc2_Expert%20Survey%202025%20SPF%20Arabic%20Final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2025 IPIE expert survey reveals a growing pessimism regarding the global information environment, with 72% of experts believing it is deteriorating. The document highlights the dual nature of social media—increasing both political polarization and engagement—and reports significant pressures on researchers, including self-censorship and harassment. It advocates for 'epistemic security' through measures such as clear labeling of AI-generated content and regular algorithmic audits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000110#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Expert pessimism regarding the state of the global information environment has increased, with 72% of experts now believing it is deteriorating, compared to 54% in 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000110#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Three-quarters of experts (75%) identify the lack of platform accountability as the most severe threat to the information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000110#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media has a contradictory impact: 88% of participants believe it has increased polarization, while 61% believe it enhances political participation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000110#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Search engines are perceived more positively than recommendation systems, social media, and AI, with over 75% of experts viewing their societal impact as positive.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000110#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Researchers face significant professional risks; 73% reported experiencing negative effects such as self-censorship, harassment, or fear of funding loss. Specifically, 34% of experts practice self-censorship on social media due to concern for their careers, a figure that rises to 40% for those in developing countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000110#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is strong expert consensus on policy responses to AI-generated content: 60% support clear labeling of such content, and over 75% (83%) believe this labeling would improve the information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000110#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","People's Republic of China","Kenya","India","Mexico","Western Europe"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","policy brief"]},{"id":"ipie-000055","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000055","title":"استطلاع آراء الخبراء حول البيئة المعلوماتية العالمية لعام 2024","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"ar","date_published":"2024-06","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/673c7f2787631642814ef96a_SFP2024.1%20-%20FINAL-3_AR.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2024 IPIE expert survey of 412 researchers across 66 countries reveals a growing pessimism about the global information environment, with 63% expecting it to deteriorate. Experts identify the availability of accurate information and diversity of opinion as the most critical features of a healthy information environment. Social media platform owners and governments are viewed as the most severe threats. While generative AI is seen as a tool for both hope and concern, 63% of experts fear its potential to amplify disinformation and harassment. The report advocates for supporting free and independent media and improving data access for researchers to build resilience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000055#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information and a diversity of opinions as the primary characteristics of a healthy information environment. Specifically, 65% of participants cited the availability of accurate information as the most important feature, while 42% highlighted the diversity of opinions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000055#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platform owners are perceived as the most severe threat to the information environment, followed closely by local, national, and foreign governments, politicians, and parties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000055#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Generative AI is viewed with mixed emotions: 63% of experts believe AI-generated content (video, audio, images, and text) has already negatively impacted the global information environment, and 53% believe these technologies will have a negative effect over the next five years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000055#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite concerns, 67% of experts hope generative AI can improve content discovery, facilitate journalism, enhance cross-cultural communication, and increase the reach of reliable information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000055#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To improve the information environment, 77% of experts support the promotion of free and independent media, alongside digital media literacy campaigns, fact-checking, and content labeling.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000055#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Western Europe","Brazil","Chile","Nigeria","India","Egypt","Eastern Europe","sub-Saharan Africa","Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","executive summary"]},{"id":"ipie-000051","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000051","title":"2024 年全球信息环境专家调查 寻找解决方案 决策者摘要","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"zh","date_published":"2024-01","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/673c7f18de071b4fa187f2e9_SFP2024.1%20-%20FINAL-3_ZHCN.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2024 IPIE expert survey reveals a growing pessimism about the global information environment, with 63% of experts expecting it to worsen. Key threats are identified as social media platform owners and government actors. While generative AI is seen as a tool for improving content detection and reporting, experts primarily fear its role in amplifying misinformation, harassment, and bias. The consensus emphasizes that accessibility to accurate information and diversity of speech are fundamental to a healthy information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000051#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Generative AI is viewed with mixed sentiment: 63% of experts fear it will solidify biases, increase harassment, and worsen misinformation, while 67% hope it will improve content detection, news reporting, and cross-cultural communication.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000051#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","Chile","Nigeria","India","People's Republic of China","Eastern Europe"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","executive summary"]},{"id":"ipie-000057","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000057","title":"世界の情報環境に関する専門家調査 （2024年）","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"ja","date_published":"2024-01","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/673c7f32bb5ca200d582376e_SFP2024.1%20-%20FINAL-3_JA.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2024 IPIE expert survey of 412 researchers across 66 countries indicates a growing pessimism about the global information environment, with 63% expecting it to worsen. Experts identify social media platform owners and governments as the primary threats. While generative AI is viewed as a tool for improving journalism and content detection, there is significant concern regarding its role in amplifying harassment, bias, and misinformation. The report emphasizes the necessity of supporting independent media and improving data access for interdisciplinary research.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000057#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"To improve the information environment, 77% of experts support the promotion of free and independent media organizations. Additionally, researchers highlight significant barriers to studying the information environment, with 75% citing data access as a major challenge.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000057#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","executive summary"]},{"id":"ipie-000002","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000002","title":"Expert Survey on the Global Information Environment 2024: Searching for Solutions","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://www.ipie.info/research/sfp2024-1","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2024 IPIE expert survey of 412 researchers across 66 countries identifies the availability of accurate information and diversity of voices as the primary features of a healthy information environment. Social media platform owners, governments, and politicians are cited as the most significant threats. While generative AI is viewed as a tool that could potentially improve content detection and journalism, 63% of experts express significant concern regarding its potential to amplify misinformation, harassment, and bias. Experts in developing countries report higher levels of concern regarding AI and platform-based threats but show greater optimism toward interventions like fact-checking and media literacy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000002#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information as the most critical element of a healthy information environment, followed by diversity of voices and diversity of media ownership.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000002#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A strong majority of surveyed experts support the promotion of free and independent media as a primary method for improving the information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000002#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The owners of social media platforms are perceived as the greatest threat to the information environment, with local and foreign governments, politicians, and political parties also ranked as high-level threats.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000002#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Generative AI is viewed with significant apprehension, particularly regarding its ability to scale misinformation and perpetuate bias, though some experts see potential benefits for journalism and content detection.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000002#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a geographic divide in perceptions: experts in developing countries are more concerned about the negative impacts of generative AI and specific actors like politicians and platform owners, yet they are more optimistic about the efficacy of fact-checking and media literacy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000002#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","Chile","Nigeria","India","People's Republic of China","Western Europe","Eastern Europe","sub-Saharan Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey"]},{"id":"ipie-000006","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000006","title":"2024 Expert Survey Results Synthesis Report 2024.2","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://www.ipie.info/research/sr2024-2","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2024 IPIE expert survey of 412 researchers across 66 countries identifies the availability of accurate information and diversity of voices as essential for a healthy information environment. Social media platform owners and politicians are viewed as the primary threats. While generative AI is seen as a risk—particularly regarding AI-generated videos—there is moderate hope for its use in content detection and journalistic support. Experts generally predict the information environment will worsen in 2025, emphasizing the need for more research outside the USA and Western democracies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000006#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information as the most critical element of a healthy information environment, with 65% labeling it as absolutely essential. Diversity of voices (42%) and diversity of media ownership (33%) were the next most important factors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000006#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most significant threats to the information environment are powerful actors, specifically social media platform owners (64%), local governments, politicians, or parties (56%), and foreign governments, politicians, or parties (50%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000006#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social networking platforms like Facebook and Instagram are perceived as the most threatening platforms, with 57% of experts viewing them as at least a big threat. In contrast, professional networking sites and wikis are seen as small threats.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000006#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Generative AI is viewed predominantly as a negative influence, with AI-generated videos causing the most concern; 60% of experts predict they will worsen the information environment in the next five years. Experts are most concerned (63%) about AI's potential to amplify harassment, perpetuate biases, and increase the persuasiveness of misinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000006#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite concerns, 67% of experts are at least moderately hopeful that generative AI will improve content detection, assist journalists, enhance cross-cultural communication, and personalize reliable information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000006#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Experts favor system-level interventions to improve the information environment, most notably supporting free and independent media (77% in favor or strongly in favor) and adopting digital and media literacy training (67% in favor or strongly in favor).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000006#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a pessimistic outlook for the near future, with 63% of experts confident that the information environment in their country of expertise will worsen in 2025, an increase from 54% in the 2023 survey.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000006#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The research community identifies the most essential future direction for the field as collecting more data outside the USA and Western democracies, a priority cited by 50% of experts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000006#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","Chile","Nigeria","India","People's Republic of China","Western Europe"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","synthesis report"]},{"id":"ipie-000052","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000052","title":"Enquête d'experts sur l'environnement mondial de l'information 2024 Recherche de solutions Résumé 2024.1 à l'intention des décideurs politiques","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"fr","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/673c7f1cb89e896acf65d01c_SFP2024.1%20-%20FINAL-3_FR.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2024 IPIE expert survey reveals a growing pessimism about the global information environment, with 63% of experts expecting it to deteriorate. The availability of accurate information and diversity of voices are identified as the most critical characteristics of a healthy information environment. Social media platform owners, governments, and politicians are cited as the primary threats. While generative AI is viewed as a tool that could improve content detection and journalism, experts are more concerned about its potential to amplify disinformation, harassment, and bias.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000052#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information, diversity of voices, and diversity of media ownership as the most essential characteristics of a healthy information environment, with 65% specifically prioritizing accurate information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000052#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is an increasing trend of pessimism regarding the future of the information environment; 63% of respondents expect it to degrade, an increase from 54% in the previous survey.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000052#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platform owners are regarded as the most significant threat to the information environment, followed closely by governments, politicians, and political parties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000052#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Generative AI is perceived as a double-edged sword: 63% of experts believe AI-generated content has already negatively impacted the global information environment, and 63% fear it will perpetuate biases, amplify harassment, and increase disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000052#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite concerns, 67% of experts hope generative AI will benefit the information environment by improving content detection, facilitating journalism, and enhancing intercultural communication.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000052#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Experts from developing countries express higher levels of concern regarding the negative effects of generative AI and specific platforms like messaging apps compared to experts from developed countries, though they are more optimistic about interventions like media education and fact-checking.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000052#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant barriers to studying the information environment persist, with 75% of researchers identifying data access as a major challenge.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000052#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To improve the information environment, 77% of experts support the promotion of free and independent media.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000052#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","Chile","Nigeria","India","People's Republic of China","Western Europe","Eastern Europe","sub-Saharan Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey"]},{"id":"ipie-000053","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000053","title":"Encuesta de 2024 a expertos sobre el entorno global de la información","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"es","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/673c7f1f6fa28abaf7321211_SFP2024.1%20-%20FINAL-3_ES.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2024 IPIE expert survey reveals a growing pessimism about the global information environment, with 63% of experts expecting it to worsen. The availability of accurate information and diversity of voices are identified as the most critical characteristics of a healthy environment. Social media platform owners, governments, and politicians are cited as the primary threats. While generative AI is viewed as a tool that could improve content detection and journalism, experts are predominantly concerned that it will amplify disinformation, harassment, and bias. Experts advocate for supporting free and independent media and digital media literacy to build resilience.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000053#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information (65%), diversity of voices (42%), and diversity of media ownership (33%) as the most essential characteristics of a healthy information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000053#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is an increasing trend of pessimism regarding the future of the information environment; 63% of respondents expect it to worsen, compared to 54% in the previous year's survey.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000053#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most significant threats to the information environment are identified as social media platform owners, followed by governments, politicians, and political parties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000053#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Generative AI is perceived as a dual-edged tool: 63% of experts believe it has already had a negative impact on the global information environment, and 53% expect a negative impact over the next five years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000053#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific concerns regarding generative AI include the potential to perpetuate biases, amplify harassment, and increase the scale and persuasiveness of disinformation, a view shared by 63% of experts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000053#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite concerns, 67% of experts believe generative AI could provide benefits, such as improving content detection, facilitating journalism, enhancing intercultural communication, and increasing the persuasiveness of reliable information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000053#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To improve the information environment, 77% of experts support the promotion of free and independent media, alongside digital media literacy campaigns, fact-checking, and content labeling.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000053#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Researchers face significant barriers in studying the information environment, with 75% citing data access as a major challenge.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000053#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","Chile","Nigeria","India","People's Republic of China","Western Europe","Eastern Europe","sub-Saharan Africa","Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","policy summary"]},{"id":"ipie-000054","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000054","title":"Опрос экспертов о глобальной информационной среде, 2024 г. Поиск решений","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"ru","date_published":"2024","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/673c7f24757d3f3b9e930dee_SFP2024.1%20-%20FINAL-3_RU.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2024 IPIE expert survey reveals a growing pessimism about the global information environment, with 63% of respondents expecting conditions to worsen. Experts identify the availability of accurate information and diversity of opinion as the most critical characteristics of a healthy environment, while naming social media owners, governments, and politicians as the primary threats. Generative AI is viewed with mixed sentiment: 63% of experts believe it has negatively impacted the environment by scaling disinformation and bias, though 67% hope it will improve content detection and journalistic efficiency. To improve the environment, experts advocate for free and independent media and increased digital media literacy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000054#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the most critical characteristics of a healthy information environment as the availability of accurate information (65%), diversity of opinions (42%), and diversity of media ownership (33%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000054#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is an increasing trend of pessimism regarding the future of the information environment; 63% of respondents expect it to deteriorate, compared to 54% in the 2023 survey.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000054#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most significant threats to the information environment are identified as social media owners, followed by local authorities, national and foreign governments, and politicians or parties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000054#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Generative AI is perceived as a double-edged tool: 63% of experts believe it has negatively impacted the global information environment and 53% expect negative effects over the next five years, primarily through the preservation of bias and the scaling of harassment and disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000054#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite concerns, 67% of experts hope generative AI will enhance content detection, assist journalists, improve cross-cultural and cross-modal communication, and increase the persuasiveness of accurate information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000054#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Researchers face significant barriers in studying the information environment, with 75% citing data access as a primary problem, and a call for more multidisciplinary, multi-platform, and multicultural research.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000054#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To improve the information environment, 77% of experts support the promotion of free and independent media, alongside digital media literacy campaigns and content fact-checking/labeling.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000054#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Western Europe","Brazil","Chile","Nigeria","India","People's Republic of China","Eastern Europe","sub-Saharan Africa","Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","policy analysis"]}]}