{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["experimental study"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'experimental study' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":4,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=experimental+study","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iai-000155","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-000155","title":"Herbivory, intraspecific trait variability and back to herbivory","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2025-01-05","source_url":"https://iai.int/es/pub_acad/herbivory-intraspecific-trait-variability-and-back-to-herbivory/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A study of six grass and four woody legume species found that long-term ungulate herbivory leads to divergent evolutionary and plastic responses based on plant life form: grasses shifted toward acquisitive leaf traits primarily through plasticity, while woody legumes developed more conservative leaves, longer spines, and smaller leaves through hereditary changes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000155#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In grass species, decades of field herbivory resulted in a shift toward more acquisitive leaf trait syndromes, a change that was largely attributed to plasticity rather than heredity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000155#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In woody legume species, herbivory led to the development of more conservative leaves, smaller leaves, and longer spines, with these differences being primarily hereditary.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000155#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study concludes that vertebrate herbivory can drive evolutionary processes on contemporary timescales in long-lived perennial plants, though the direction of change varies by life form, potentially due to differing strategies of tolerance versus resistance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-000155#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["experimental study","common garden experiment"]},{"id":"commyale-000016","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000016","title":"Americans’ Willingness to Prepare for Climate Change vs. Extreme Weather","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2021-09-23","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/americans-willingness-to-prepare-for-climate-change-vs-extreme-weather/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study finds that while most Americans support preparedness regardless of terminology, using \"extreme weather\" generally yields higher or equal support for personal actions and infrastructure policies compared to \"climate change,\" particularly among conservatives. Conversely, liberals are more likely to support collective preparedness actions when \"climate change\" is used. The authors conclude that \"extreme weather\" is a safer term for engaging conservatives, while \"climate change\" can be beneficial for engaging liberals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000016#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Willingness to take personal preparedness actions was generally high across both groups, though the term \"extreme weather\" resulted in higher willingness to prepare a home emergency kit (90% vs 84% for \"climate change\"). Willingness to buy a generator was similar for both groups (61% for \"extreme weather\" and 65% for \"climate change\").","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000016#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Support for infrastructure protection policies was lower when the term \"climate change\" was used. Specifically, 80% of the \"extreme weather\" group viewed protecting public water supplies as a \"high\" priority compared to 74% of the \"climate change\" group, and 62% supported protecting transportation, roads, and bridges compared to 48% in the \"climate change\" group.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000016#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Political ideology significantly influences reactions to the terminology. Conservatives were less likely to prepare an emergency kit when the term \"climate change\" was used. In contrast, liberals showed substantially higher willingness to engage in collective actions, such as joining a local political campaign, when the term \"climate change\" was used (54%) compared to \"extreme weather\" (38%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000016#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study concludes that while \"climate change\" is generally not harmful and potentially beneficial for liberal audiences, and has little effect on moderates, it is \"riskier\" for conservative audiences, making \"extreme weather\" a safer option for engagement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000016#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change communication","extreme weather event","public policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["experimental study","behavioral analysis"]},{"id":"commyale-000088","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commyale-000088","title":"Radio stories increase conservatives' beliefs that Republicans are worried about climate change","publisher":{"name":"Yale Program on Climate Change Communication","organization":"yale-program-on-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2021-07-21","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.yale.edu/publications/radio-stories-increase-conservatives-beliefs-that-republicans-are-worried-about-climate-change/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A study of 2,742 conservative respondents found that short radio stories featuring conservative voices can shift perceptions of social norms regarding climate change. Seven of twelve stories significantly increased the belief that Republicans are worried about global warming. Specific narratives, such as those involving a teenager convincing a parent or a conservative leader advocating for free-market solutions, were particularly effective in increasing beliefs that global warming is human-caused and personally harmful.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000088#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Seven out of twelve radio stories significantly increased the perception among conservative respondents that Republicans are worried about global warming, suggesting that a single 90-second story can shift perceptions of a social norm.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000088#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Three specific stories—'Teen Changed Stepdad’s Mind', 'David Jenkins', and 'Conservative Republican’s Climate Shift'—increased the belief among conservatives that global warming is human-caused.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000088#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Four stories increased the belief that global warming would cause personal harm: 'Teen Changed Stepdad’s Mind', 'Pro-Life Energy Policy', 'David Jenkins', and 'Climate Change National Security'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000088#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'Teen Changed Stepdad’s Mind' and 'David Jenkins' stories were the most effective overall; the former increased beliefs that global warming is human-caused, personally harmful, and a concern for Republicans, while the latter increased beliefs that it is human-caused, personally harmful, and increased the respondents' own level of worry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commyale-000088#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change communication","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":["Abita Springs"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["experimental study","quantitative analysis"]},{"id":"climstra-000130","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/climstra-000130","title":"Is a Market Stability Reserve likely to improve the functioning of the EU ETS?","publisher":{"name":"Climate Strategies","organization":"climate-strategies"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2015-02","source_url":"https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Climate-Strategies-MSR-Report-Final1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report investigates the potential for a Market Stability Reserve (MSR) to address market and regulatory failures in the EU ETS, such as limited banking capacity and regulatory myopia. Through a model comparison exercise involving twelve institutions, the authors assess different MSR designs—including the European Commission's proposal, an 'Early Start' version, and price-based mechanisms—across indicators of efficiency, price credibility, consistency, transformation, and robustness. The findings suggest that an MSR generally improves performance, with an Early Start MSR (2017) offering superior benefits over the 2021 proposal. The report emphasizes that the effectiveness of quantity-based MSRs depends heavily on setting trigger levels that accommodate the hedging needs of market participants, suggesting the use of REMIT Directive data for future adjustments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000130#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Market and regulatory failures, including limited banking capacity at social discount rates, myopia, and imperfect responses to complexity, impede the EU ETS from achieving an efficient abatement pathway.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000130#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The European Commission's proposed MSR (EC MSR), planned for 2021, improves efficiency by avoiding almost two-thirds of the losses caused by market failures on average across models.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000130#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"An 'Early Start MSR' implemented in 2017, which places back-loaded allowances directly into the reserve, outperforms the EC MSR in efficiency, price credibility, and consistency, particularly over the first decade.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000130#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A price-based MSR can be more effective than quantity-based MSRs if the trigger price is set close to the optimal abatement pathway; however, a low trigger price (e.g., \u0010/tCO2) has limited impact.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000130#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Quantity-based MSR trigger levels must be set high enough to accommodate the hedging needs of market participants, such as power generators, to avoid driving carbon prices above the efficient abatement pathway.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000130#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The French Proposal for an MSR, which includes a wider corridor (0.8-1.3 GtCO2) and faster response speeds, scored higher on efficiency, price credibility, and robustness than the Early Start MSR in DIW Berlin simulations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000130#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The introduction of an MSR generally increases the robustness of the EU ETS against external shocks, such as a 20% reduction in emissions between 2030 and 2034.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000130#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Data from the European Union Regulation on Wholesale Energy Market Integrity and Transparency (REMIT) Directive should be used to update MSR trigger levels to reflect evolving hedging volumes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000130#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["European Union Emission Trading Scheme 1","carbon price","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Germany","United Kingdom","France"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["model comparison","numerical simulation","experimental study","theoretical analysis"]}]}