{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["ethnographic"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'ethnographic' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=ethnographic","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"issafri-001302","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/issafri-001302","title":"Layers of traditions","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Security Studies","organization":"institute-for-security-studies"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/Mono-210.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyses the 'memory wars' in Ethiopia, where political elites use 'invented traditions' and memorialisation to advance competing ideological agendas. It identifies three primary approaches to collective memory: the rejectionist approach, which seeks to deconstruct the 'great tradition' of the Ethiopian state; the revivalist approach, which seeks to restore it; and the moderationist approach, which attempts a selective balance. These approaches operate across four layers of tradition: the pre-1991 great tradition, the post-1991 federal vernacular tradition, regional traditions, and local-level traditions. The author argues that the contradictions between these approaches and the lack of a negotiated, shared collective memory have reinforced political instability and armed conflict.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001302#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Ethiopian political elites employ three distinct approaches to collective memory: the rejectionist approach, which targets and seeks to deconstruct the 'great tradition'; the revivalist/restorationist approach, which aims to reconfigure the state based on the 'unifying' tenets of that tradition; and the moderationist approach, which advocates for the selective use of the past to contain rejectionist excesses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001302#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The political landscape is shaped by four layers of 'invented traditions': the pre-1991 'great tradition', the post-1991 federal vernacular tradition (which promoted the 'national oppression thesis'), regional traditions based on vernacular memory, and local-level traditions used by elites to maintain ethnic boundaries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001302#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The EPRDF-led government (post-1991) used a 'counter-history' approach to reconstruct the state, institutionalising the right to self-determination and 'ethno-cultural justice' while attempting to overwhelm symbols of the great tradition with parallel radical traditions rather than dismantling them entirely.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001302#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Tigray regional government is distinguished from other regions by its success in 'sacralising' memorial sites through official, periodic rituals and commemorative events, thereby effectively mobilising its constituency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001302#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The post-2018 moderationist approach under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed has been characterised by inconsistency and ideological incoherence, oscillating between rejectionist and revivalist stances, which has further elevated political polarisation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001302#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Amhara region, revivalist discourse has been used to restore 'Amhara dignity' and reject TPLF-inspired narratives, evidenced by the removal of a statue in the Amhara martyrs museum that was perceived as depicting the Amhara as a 'defeated people'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001302#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Local-level memorialisation, such as the Gamo-Wolayta competition over the 'dunguza' fabric and the renaming of Dunguza Square, demonstrates how vernacular memories are instrumentalised to maintain ethnic boundaries and signify difference.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001302#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The author recommends that the government enact laws to regulate the arbitrary construction of memorials and the naming of public spaces, and that the National Dialogue Commission use 'memory mapping' to inform participant selection.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-001302#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Addis Ababa","Somali Region","Southern Ethiopia","Oromia Region","Amhara Region","Tigray Region"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["qualitative","ethnographic","discourse analysis"]},{"id":"prio-001270","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001270","title":"Risk-taking in unauthorised migration","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2008","source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/97efca0c-9905-46aa-afa6-01ba645be13e/Carreterro Master.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document analyzes the emergence of the 'pirogue route' from West Africa to the Canary Islands as a response to increased border security in the Strait of Gibraltar. Through fieldwork in Senegal, the author argues that migrants' decisions to undertake these perilous journeys are not based on misinformation, but are rationalized through a complex interplay of socio-economic vulnerability, cultural notions of manhood, religious beliefs regarding destiny, and a perception that remaining in Senegal constitutes a greater risk than the journey itself. The paper concludes that restrictive border measures, such as patrolling and repatriation, are often ineffective or counter-productive, as they may drive migrants toward even longer and more dangerous routes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The pirogue migration route from West Africa to the Canary Islands emerged in 2006 as a direct result of increased border control and surveillance along the Strait of Gibraltar and the borders of Ceuta and Melilla.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Pirogue migration is perceived by some sub-Saharan migrants as a safer and more realistic alternative than trans-Saharan land routes to North Africa, which involve crossing deserts and facing high bribes or danger from the Polisario.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Socio-economic stagnation in Senegal leads young men to view remaining at home as a form of risk-taking or 'social death,' making the dangers of the sea journey acceptable by comparison.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The decision to migrate by pirogue is heavily influenced by cultural constructions of manhood, where the act is seen as a courageous 'rite de passage' to restore dignity and the role of provider.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Religious beliefs, particularly the deterministic view that death is decided by God, reduce the fear of dying during the journey and frame the attempt as a morally acceptable sacrifice.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Migrants do not simply lack risk information; they actively filter it, often dismissing official awareness campaigns as biased or irrelevant because the sources (such as wealthy celebrities or government officials) are seen as disconnected from their reality.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fishermen and members of the Lébou community use their familiarity with the sea to create a sense of 'illusory control,' believing their skills make them less vulnerable to the risks than non-fishermen.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Migrants employ specific risk-minimization strategies, including the use of GPS devices, careful timing based on weather forecasts, and spiritual protection through amulets and marabouts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Repatriation is perceived as a more significant deterrent than sea patrols, as it represents a personal failure and a return to a state of social immobility.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Restrictive border policies may be counter-productive by forcing migrants to adopt longer, more dangerous routes, which contradicts the stated humanitarian goals of agencies like Frontex and SIVE.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Legal alternatives, such as Spain's 'hiring at the origin' scheme, are viewed more favorably than local government initiatives like Senegal's Plan REVA, though the former is plagued by rumors of corruption and nepotism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001270#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Spain","Mauritania","Morocco","Guinea-Bissau","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["qualitative","ethnographic","semi-structured interviews","media review"]}]}