{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["empirical survey"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'empirical survey' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=empirical+survey","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"issafri-002338","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/issafri-002338","title":"BEYOND RETRIBUTION PROSPECTS FOR RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN SOUTH AFRICA","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Security Studies","organization":"institute-for-security-studies"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2005-02","source_url":"https://issafrica.s3.amazonaws.com/site/uploads/Mono111.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that South Africa is well-positioned to adopt restorative justice due to a favorable policy environment and a cultural heritage aligned with 'ubuntu'. It examines various applications, including the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, youth diversion, and victim-offender conferencing, while highlighting the need for training among magistrates and prosecutors to move beyond a purely retributive mindset.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002338#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Restorative justice is defined by three core principles: crime causes injuries to victims, offenders, and communities; all affected parties should be actively involved in the process; and the government is responsible for order while the community is responsible for peace.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002338#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) served as a bold model of restorative justice by breaking the culture of silence and allowing victims to tell their stories, though it struggled to balance amnesty for perpetrators with reparations for victims.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002338#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Magistrates and prosecutors in the Pretoria area generally showed receptiveness to restorative justice, but exhibited high levels of uncertainty regarding its application as a sentencing option, often viewing it as a 'soft option'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002338#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-custodial sentencing options, such as community service orders and correctional supervision, are under-utilised by the judiciary and are often driven by the Commissioner of Correctional Services rather than the courts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"issafri-002338#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Pretoria"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","empirical survey","case study","legal review"]},{"id":"sei-001704","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001704","title":"Informal Sector Energy Use in Tanzania","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"1994","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/SEI-EEDseries-25-InformalSectorEnergyUseInTanzania-1994.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes the energy consumption of Tanzania's urban informal sector, focusing on subsectors such as food preparation, beer brewing, grain milling, carpentry, metal working, and auto repairs. It finds a dichotomy between subsistence-oriented activities using traditional fuels and small-scale businesses using modern energy. The study highlights that the most energy-intensive subsectors, particularly food preparation and beer brewing, are the least efficient and the least capital-intensive, often serving as employment buffers for women. Overall, the informal sector's energy use is limited by capital constraints, meaning it provides significant urban employment without substantially increasing total urban energy consumption.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001704#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The urban informal sector in Tanzania is divided between subsistence-oriented activities using traditional technologies and undercapitalized businesses that operate similarly to formal sector counterparts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001704#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Food preparation and beer brewing are the most energy-intensive and least efficient subsectors, with overall efficiencies of approximately 20% and 15% respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001704#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Carpenters and grain millers are the most energy-efficient informal subsectors, reaching about 60% efficiency due to their reliance on electricity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001704#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The food preparation and beer brewing subsectors have the lowest capital requirements, making them the easiest to enter and exit and serving as critical employment buffers, especially for women.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001704#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Grain milling is the most capital-intensive subsector among those surveyed and provides the fewest employment opportunities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001704#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Informal sector energy use is constrained by limited capital resources, which prevents the establishment of energy-intensive industries like cement or fertilizer factories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001704#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Dar es Salaam, informal sector firms operate at a higher level of intensity and employment per establishment compared to Mbeya and Shinyanga, yet net revenues remain virtually the same across all three cities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001704#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Awareness of the environmental impact of charcoal use is highest among respondents in Dar es Salaam, while the majority in Shinyanga disagree that charcoal use is bad for the environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001704#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy efficiency","deforestation"],"geography_discussed":["Kenya","Senegal","Zambia","South Africa"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["empirical survey","economic analysis"]},{"id":"prio-001473","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001473","title":"Increasing resilience in the age of disinformation","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/ef26ddd3-3d9b-4c38-ab53-af55c822828b/Increasing resilience in the age of disinformation PRIO Paper 2026.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that countering disinformation requires a shift from merely correcting false claims to building holistic societal resilience. It analyzes the 'psychological defence' model, specifically the Swedish Psychological Defence Agency (MPF), and evaluates Norwegian and European approaches. Key findings suggest that while Norway has high institutional trust, it lacks the centralized coordination seen in Sweden. The authors recommend that Norway strengthen national coordination, clarify conceptual terminology to avoid 'militarizing' social issues, and prioritize strategic, transparent communication to maintain public trust outside of crisis periods.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001473#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The report defines 'psychological defence' as a broad set of strategies and resilience measures intended to protect populations from foreign influence operations, cognitive manipulation, and hybrid threats, including propaganda and disinformation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001473#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Disinformation is distinguished from other information threats by three specific criteria: the information must be factually wrong, it must be shared with the intent to deceive, mislead, or harm, and it must have the potential to cause harm.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001473#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Swedish Psychological Defence Agency (MPF), established in 2022, serves as a centralized hub for coordinating national efforts, promoting media literacy, and countering foreign influence. It distinguishes between 'threats' (foreign disinformation) and 'vulnerabilities' (domestic actors who spread disinformation and need support to become resilient).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001473#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Research indicates that traditional countermeasures like fact-checking and media literacy are insufficient on their own because disinformation often functions by undermining trust and exploiting identity rather than simply spreading false data.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001473#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A two-part survey of Norwegian participants showed that in crises, people rely most on personal networks (41% turn to family), while NRK is the most trusted news source (68%), though not necessarily the first point of contact during an emergency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001473#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report warns against the 'militarization of language,' arguing that framing disinformation as 'warfare' can escalate tensions, justify surveillance or censorship, and blur the boundaries between civilian and military domains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001473#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Norway is considered well-positioned to resist disinformation due to high education levels, strong trust in public institutions, and a robust editor-controlled media landscape.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001473#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors recommend that the Norwegian Ministry of Defence strengthen national coordination, potentially through a centralized unit, to avoid fragmented efforts and provide a unified voice for public messaging.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001473#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report emphasizes the need for 'strategic and transparent communication' from national authorities to build trust during periods of stability, which creates a more robust foundation for responding to future crises.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001473#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","national security"],"geography_discussed":["Sweden","Finland","France","Ukraine","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","comparative study","empirical survey"]}]}