{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["emissions inventory analysis"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'emissions inventory analysis' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=emissions+inventory+analysis","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"ember-000266","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ember-000266","title":"Tackling Australia’s Coal Mine Methane Problem","publisher":{"name":"Ember","organization":"ember"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-06-08","source_url":"https://ember-energy.org/app/uploads/2024/10/Ember-Tackling-Australias-Coal-Mine-Methane-Problem-v10.22.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Australia's coal mines are a major source of methane, with evidence suggesting official reports significantly underestimate the actual emissions. The report highlights that a small number of 'super-emitter' mines contribute a disproportionate amount of emissions and warns that proposed new coal projects will further increase these levels. It advocates for a transition to direct measurement over emission factors, the adoption of ventilation air methane (VAM) abatement technologies, and the phasing out of coal, particularly the gassiest mines, to meet climate targets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000266#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Coal mine methane (CMM) is the primary source of methane emissions in Australia's energy sector. In 2019, coal mines released 68% of the energy industry's total methane emissions, which is nearly three times the amount released by the oil and gas industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000266#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Official government estimates of CMM are likely inaccurate due to the use of standardised emission factors for surface mines, which do not account for variations in gas content between coal seams. The IEA estimated that Australian coal mines emitted 1.8 million tonnes of methane in 2021, which is double the officially reported figures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000266#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Methane emissions are highly concentrated among a few 'super-emitter' mines. In Queensland, two mines (Capcoal and Moranbah North) accounted for approximately 29% of reported coal mining emissions in 2019 despite producing only 6% of the state's net coal output. In New South Wales, the Appin and Tahmoor underground mines emitted 24% of reported coal emissions while producing less than 3% of the state's coal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000266#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Proposed coal mine expansions and new projects are expected to significantly increase emissions. In Queensland, 34 plausible proposed projects could result in at least 855.8 million tonnes of CO2-e, more than doubling the current annual scope 1 and 2 emissions of the state's coal industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000266#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) is the largest contributor to CMM emissions, representing approximately 75% of underground mining emissions. Technologies developed by CSIRO, such as VAMMIT, VAMCAT, and VAMCAP, can oxidise an average of 96% of VAM methane, potentially reducing Australia's methane emissions by about 45% (420 kt).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000266#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The most effective strategy for reducing CMM is the phase-out of coal, specifically targeting the gassiest mines first. Retiring the gassiest 25% of Australian coal would remove over 22 million tonnes of CO2-e emissions, which is 68% of the Scope 1 emissions reported to the CER in 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ember-000266#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["methane emissions","greenhouse gas emissions","measurement, reporting, and verification","Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism","Net-zero emissions","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["Bowen Basin","Galilee Basin","People's Republic of China","Russia","India","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","technical analysis","emissions inventory analysis"]},{"id":"clitrace-000018","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/clitrace-000018","title":"Tracking emissions state by state","publisher":{"name":"Climate TRACE","organization":"climate-trace"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://media.climatetrace.org/starrs_en_f33b2f12f2.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The STARRS pilot project, initiated by Climate Group and Climate TRACE, demonstrates how satellite imagery and artificial intelligence can provide timely, granular greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions data for subnational governments. By tracking six pilot regions—Abruzzo (Italy), Basque Country (Spain), Jalisco (Mexico), Querétaro (Mexico), Pernambuco (Brazil), and Western Cape (South Africa)—the project addressed common barriers to emissions accounting, such as high costs and long timeframes associated with traditional bottom-up methods. The project provided historical data from 2015 to 2021 across sectors including electricity, heavy industry, and road transport, while also mapping biomass changes. Findings for the pilot regions highlighted specific emission drivers, such as the dominance of the Bilbao Refinery in the Basque Country's oil and gas sector and the significant impact of feedlots in Jalisco and Western Cape.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clitrace-000018#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Subnational governments that possess GHG emissions inventories are four times more likely to have set region-wide emissions reduction targets compared to those without such inventories; specifically, 60% of those with inventories reported a target, compared to only 15% of those without.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clitrace-000018#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Traditional bottom-up GHG inventory methods are resource-intensive and slow, often taking up to two years to complete, which frequently results in outdated data that does not reflect current emissions trends.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clitrace-000018#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The STARRS project provided emissions data for six pilot regions from 2015 to 2021, covering sectors such as electricity generation, heavy industry (steel and cement), oil and gas, road transport, aviation, and land use change.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clitrace-000018#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Abruzzo, Italy, 2021 emissions were estimated at 2.4 million metric tonnes CO2e, with cement manufacturing, road transportation, and electricity generation identified as the largest emitting subsectors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clitrace-000018#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the Basque Country, Spain, 2021 emissions were estimated at 9.1 million metric tonnes CO2e. The Bilbao Refinery alone generated 16% of the region's oil and gas refining emissions and 1% of Spain's total emissions in 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clitrace-000018#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Jalisco, Mexico, 2021 emissions were estimated at 12 million metric tonnes CO2e. The region experienced significant biomass loss between 2015 and 2021, with forest loss releasing 80 million tonnes of CO2e and shrubland-grassland loss releasing six million tonnes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clitrace-000018#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Pernambuco, Brazil, 2021 emissions were estimated at 10.7 million metric tonnes CO2e. Oil and gas refining is a major contributor, accounting for 27% of the state's emissions, with the Petrobras RNEST refinery emitting nearly three million tonnes of CO2e annually.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clitrace-000018#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Querétaro, Mexico, 2021 emissions were estimated at 4.3 million metric tonnes CO2e. The region saw a net biomass loss between 2015 and 2021, with forest biomass loss releasing approximately one million tonnes of CO2e.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clitrace-000018#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Western Cape, South Africa, 2021 emissions were estimated at 7.8 million metric tonnes CO2e. The region experienced a decrease in forest biomass from 2015 to 2021, releasing approximately three million tonnes of CO2e, while shrubland-grassland biomass increase sequestered 6.5 million tonnes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clitrace-000018#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","remote sensing","greenhouse gas inventory","electricity generation","road transport","land-use change","biomass","methane emissions","deforestation"],"geography_discussed":["Italy","Spain","Mexico","Brazil","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["pilot project evaluation","emissions inventory analysis","technological assessment"]}]}