{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["economic cost assessment"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'economic cost assessment' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=economic+cost+assessment","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"sei-001656","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001656","title":"The ClimateCost Project. Final Report. Volume 1: Europe","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2011-12","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/sei-climatecost-health.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The ClimateCost project estimates significant health risks for Europe under a medium-to-high emission (A1B) scenario, with heat-related mortality and coastal flooding causing the highest welfare costs. Heat-related deaths are projected to reach 127,000 per year by the 2080s, though this is reduced by acclimatisation and mitigation (E1 scenario). Salmonellosis cases and labour productivity losses are also expected to rise, particularly in Southern Europe. The report highlights that technical adaptation, such as sea dikes, can drastically reduce coastal flood fatalities, while other health adaptation measures remain under-researched.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001656#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Under the A1B scenario without mitigation or adaptation, heat-related deaths in Europe are projected to increase from 26,000 per year in the 2020s to 89,000 in the 2050s and 127,000 in the 2080s, with higher relative risks in Southern Europe.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001656#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The economic welfare costs of heat-related mortality vary by valuation method; using the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL) approach, costs are estimated at €31 billion/year by the 2020s, €103 billion/year by the 2050s, and €147 billion/year by the 2080s under the A1B scenario.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001656#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Implementing an E1 stabilisation scenario (limiting warming to less than 2°C) significantly reduces heat-related mortality to 69,000 deaths per year by the 2050s and 2080s, with associated welfare costs of €80 billion/year by the 2050s using the VSL approach.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001656#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Autonomous acclimatisation significantly lowers projected heat-related deaths under the A1B scenario to 13,000 per year in the 2020s, 44,000 in the 2050s, and 40,000 in the 2080s.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001656#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is projected to increase salmonellosis cases in the EU27 under the A1B scenario to 7,000 per year by the 2020s, 13,000 by the 2050s, and 17,000 by the 2080s if current incidence levels persist.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001656#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coastal flooding is expected to cause 130 deaths per year in the EU by the 2050s and 650 deaths per year by the 2080s under the A1B scenario, with two-thirds of these fatalities occurring in Western Europe.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001656#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Technical adaptation, specifically the use of sea dikes, can reduce coastal flood-related deaths from 650 per year to fewer than 10 per year by 2080, lowering residual welfare costs to approximately €5 million/year under the A1B scenario.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001656#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Labour productivity in Southern Europe is projected to decline by 0.4% to 0.9% in terms of days lost by the 2080s under the A1B scenario, with total European productivity losses estimated between €300 and €740 million per year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001656#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coastal flood","climate change adaptation","climate change mitigation","sea level rise"],"geography_discussed":["Southern Europe","Western Europe","Northern Europe","Eastern Europe","Italy","Spain"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic cost assessment","impact assessment","scenario analysis"]},{"id":"sei-002518","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002518","title":"The Impacts and Economic Costs of Climate Change on Enery in Europe","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2011","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/sei-climatecost-energy.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that climate change will increase summer cooling demand and decrease winter heating demand in Europe, with the A1B scenario leading to significantly higher costs. While physical energy reductions in heating are larger than cooling increases, the higher cost of electricity for cooling makes the economic impacts more balanced. The study also identifies risks to energy supply, including reduced hydroelectricity generation and lower efficiency for thermal and nuclear power plants due to higher temperatures. Adaptation measures, such as low-energy buildings, are discussed but noted as having a low evidence base for cost-benefit analysis.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002518#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Under the medium-high emission A1B scenario, cooling demand in the EU27 is projected to reach 145 Million tonne of oil equivalent (Mtoe) per year by 2050 and 269 Mtoe/year by 2100. Of these totals, the increase attributable to climate change alone is 16 Mtoe/year by 2050 and 53 Mtoe/year by 2100.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002518#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The total economic cost of increased cooling in the EU27 under the A1B scenario—combining electricity consumption and the investment for new air conditioning units—is estimated at €30 billion/year by 2050 and €109 billion/year by 2100 (undiscounted current values).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002518#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is expected to reduce winter heating demand in the EU27. Under the A1B scenario, the reduction from climate change alone is estimated at -28 Mtoe/year by 2050 and -65 Mtoe/year by 2100, representing a 10% and 20% reduction respectively against the future baseline.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002518#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The economic benefit of reduced heating demand under the A1B scenario is estimated at €34 billion/year in 2050 and €121 billion/year in 2100, which is roughly equivalent to the increase in cooling costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002518#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change may increase energy demand for water supply and treatment in the EU. In the A1B scenario, this demand could increase by 5% in 2050 and 12% in 2100, with associated costs of €1.5 billion/year and €5 billion/year respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002518#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"European hydroelectricity generation is projected to decrease due to climate change. Under the A1B scenario ensemble mean, generation is estimated to fall by approximately 3% in 2050 and 8% in 2100 compared to the future baseline.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002518#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Higher temperatures may reduce the efficiency of thermal and nuclear power plants. Under the A1B scenario, generation could be reduced by 2-3% for thermal plants and 4-5% for nuclear plants per year by 2100.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002518#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The E1 mitigation scenario, aligned with a 2-degree stabilisation target, significantly reduces the impacts compared to A1B. Total cooling demand under E1 is projected at 113 Mtoe/year by 2050 and 139 Mtoe/year by 2100, with total costs due to climate change alone around €20 billion/year between 2050 and 2100.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002518#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Adaptation through low-energy (LE) and very low-energy (VLE) buildings is analyzed, but the study finds that changes in heating and cooling demand do not significantly accelerate the market share of VLE buildings without additional policy action.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002518#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy demand","electric energy consumption","nuclear power","energy efficient building","climate change adaptation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","People's Republic of China","India","Southern Europe","Western Europe","Northern Europe","Eastern Europe"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic cost assessment","scenario analysis","impact modelling"]},{"id":"sei-001346","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001346","title":"Europes Fair Share of the Climate Challenge","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Climate-mitigation-adaptation/europes-share-climate-challenge-pb-heaps.pdf.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document argues that the EU27 must reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2020 and nearly 90% by 2050 relative to 1990 levels to meet its climate obligations. This requires a radical transition to renewable energy, the phase-out of fossil fuels and nuclear power, and significant improvements in energy efficiency across housing, transport, and agriculture. Additionally, the EU has an international obligation to finance mitigation in developing countries, estimated at 1% to 3% of its projected 2020 GDP. The brief concludes that while the costs are considerable, they are bearable and far lower than the potential economic losses from climate inaction.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001346#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"To keep global temperature rise below 2 degrees C, the EU27 must reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2020 and nearly 90% by 2050 compared to 1990 levels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001346#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The EU can achieve a 40% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions through domestic action alone, without using international carbon offsetting schemes, by implementing radical energy efficiency improvements and shifting to renewable energy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001346#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The mitigation scenario involves a total phase-out of coal by 2035 and the progressive phase-out of nuclear power, with renewable energy's share of primary energy increasing from 10% in 2010 to 71% by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001346#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant changes in transport are required, including doubling the rail network by 2050, electrifying rail by 2030, and ensuring virtually all cars on the road are fully electrified by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001346#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The EU's international financial obligation to assist developing nations in transitioning to a low-carbon future is estimated between €150 billion and €450 billion per year in 2020, or 1% to 3% of projected 2020 GDP.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001346#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The domestic cost of implementing these climate actions between 2010 and 2020 is estimated to be between 1% and 3% of EU GDP, which equates to approximately €2 per person per day.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001346#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Under the Greenhouse Development Rights (GDRs) Framework, the EU's total obligation to reduce emissions by 2020 is 103% below 1990 levels, combining domestic mitigation and international investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001346#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","renewable energy","energy efficiency","fossil-fuel phase-out","climate finance","electric vehicle","rail transport","nuclear power","offshore wind power","solar energy","geothermal energy","biomass","carbon tax","feed-in tariff"],"geography_discussed":["World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["mitigation scenario","economic cost assessment","policy recommendation"]}]}