{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["economic cost analysis"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'economic cost analysis' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":7,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=economic+cost+analysis","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"pecliri-000002","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/pecliri-000002","title":"Private Equity, Public Harm","publisher":{"name":"Private Equity Climate Risks","organization":"private-equity-climate-risks"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025-06-16","source_url":"https://peclimaterisks.org/health-impact-report/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report 'Private Equity, Public Harm' estimates that private equity-backed fossil fuel infrastructure in the U.S. generates annual health costs between $11.3 billion and $15.1 billion, causing approximately 1,000 premature deaths and 1,500 emergency room visits yearly. Using the EPA's COBRA tool, the analysis identifies significant impacts from pollutants such as SO₂, NOₓ, VOCs, and PM2.5, noting that several individual private equity firms are responsible for over $1 billion in annual health impacts. The document calls for mandatory disclosures of fossil fuel exposure and emissions, a complete transition to a fossil-free portfolio by 2030, and the integration of environmental justice mechanisms to protect impacted communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pecliri-000002#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Private equity-backed fossil fuel infrastructure in the United States is estimated to cause annual economic health costs ranging from $11.3 billion to $15.1 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pecliri-000002#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Air pollution from these specific facilities results in approximately 1,000 premature deaths and 1,500 emergency room visits annually, while causing the loss of over 27,000 work days and more than 250,000 school days per year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pecliri-000002#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The analysis identifies non-greenhouse gas pollutants—specifically sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5)—as drivers of cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurodegenerative diseases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pecliri-000002#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Health and monetary impacts have been linked to specific firms, with multiple private equity firms causing more than $1 billion in health impacts annually.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pecliri-000002#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report proposes a set of standards for the private equity industry, including the disclosure of all fossil fuel infrastructure and emissions, the cessation of fossil fuel expansion to achieve a fossil-free portfolio by 2030, and the implementation of just transition programs for impacted workers and communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"pecliri-000002#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["air pollution","public health","environmental justice","energy transition","climate finance","carbon offset","carbon dioxide removal"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["health impact assessment","economic cost analysis","policy recommendation"]},{"id":"cliint-000025","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cliint-000025","title":"Oregon Climate Impacts and Costs","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Integrity","organization":"center-for-climate-integrity"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://climateintegrity.org/uploads/media/CCI-Oregon-ImpactsAndCosts-2025.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details how climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of extreme weather in Oregon, leading to significant economic losses and infrastructure needs. Key risks include intense heatwaves, devastating wildfires, disrupted water supplies for agriculture, and coastal flooding. The document provides specific cost estimates for adaptations, such as school air conditioning and coastal protection, while outlining the broader systemic risks to public health, fisheries, and the state's $5.7 billion agricultural industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000025#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Oregon's average temperature has risen by 2.2°F per century since 1895, and the mean annual temperature is projected to increase by approximately 5°F over the next 50 years, with summer temperatures potentially rising by up to 7.0°F.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000025#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The June 2021 heat dome in the Pacific Northwest caused unprecedented temperatures in Oregon, reaching a record high of 119°F in Jefferson and Wasco Counties, resulting in 119 heat-related deaths and an estimated cost of at least $1.3 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000025#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Rising air and water temperatures are impacting public health and the economy; Lyme disease cases increased from an average of 18 per year (2003-2012) to 46 per year (2013-2022), and a 2015 ocean heatwave cost the West Coast Dungeness crab fishery approximately $150 million.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000025#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate change is increasing the frequency and scale of wildfires in Oregon; the mean size of wildfires greater than 5 acres grew from 79 acres in the 1970s to 6,769 acres between 2020 and 2023, with total acres burned in 2020-2023 (2,233,743) exceeding those of the previous decade.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000025#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Drought and changing precipitation patterns threaten Oregon's $5.7 billion agricultural industry, as 85% of the state's water is used for irrigation and the water supply relies heavily on a vulnerable winter snowpack.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000025#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extreme precipitation is projected to increase, with extreme precipitation days (99th percentile) expected to see up to 20% more rain between 2045-2074 compared to the 1950-2014 period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000025#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Sea levels along the Oregon coast are expected to rise by up to 1 foot by 2050, potentially causing 26 critical sites to flood twice per year by 2050 and 86 sites by 2100; mitigating these risks may cost the state approximately $7.6 billion by 2040.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000025#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Center for Climate Integrity estimates that installing and maintaining air conditioning in Oregon's public schools to address rising temperatures by 2040 would cost approximately $173 million.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000025#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["heat wave","vector-borne disease","ocean acidification","drought","agricultural irrigation","wildfire","flash flood","sea level rise","coastal erosion","climate change adaptation","climate finance","public health"],"geography_discussed":["World","Canada","California","Portland","Jefferson County","Wasco County"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","economic cost analysis","risk projection"]},{"id":"cliint-000028","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cliint-000028","title":"Illinois Climate Impacts and Costs","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Integrity","organization":"center-for-climate-integrity"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://climateintegrity.org/uploads/media/CCI_Illinois_Climate_Impacts_Costs_2024.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Climate change in Illinois is manifesting as increased precipitation, rising temperatures, and intensified summer droughts, leading to significant infrastructure damage and public health risks. Since the 20th century, average annual precipitation has risen by 12-15%, while extreme events have increased by 40%, causing frequent flooding and sewage overflows in cities like Chicago. Rising temperatures are most pronounced in winter, with a predicted average increase of up to 9°F by 2100, which threatens agricultural yields—potentially reducing corn yields by 23-34% by mid-century—and necessitates an estimated $6.1 billion for school air conditioning by 2025. Additionally, intensified summer droughts threaten crop yields and river navigation, notably impacting barge transportation on the Mississippi River, while increasing the risk of wildfires and health issues from Canadian wildfire smoke.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000028#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Illinois has seen a significant rise in precipitation and extreme weather events since the start of the 20th century, with average annual precipitation increasing by 12-15% and extreme precipitation days (over 2 inches) increasing by 40%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000028#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Flooding and severe storms have caused substantial economic losses in Illinois; flood losses have averaged approximately $260 million annually since the 1980s, and severe storms led some insurance companies, such as Pekin and Secura Insurance, to stop writing or drop homeowners policies in 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000028#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Illinois experienced a record number of tornadoes in 2023, totaling 118, which was more than any other U.S. state.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000028#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Rising temperatures are expected to significantly impact Illinois' education infrastructure and agriculture; the state may need to spend $6.1 billion by 2025 to install air conditioning in schools, and corn yields could drop by 23-34% by mid-century due to heat stress.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000028#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Great Lakes are experiencing warming and declining ice cover, with winter ice coverage decreasing by 63%, leading to water level fluctuations and coastal flooding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000028#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Intensified summer droughts are threatening the Mississippi River's navigability, contributing to a U.S. economic loss of approximately $20 billion due to shipping delays since 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000028#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["precipitation","flood","extreme heat","air conditioning","vector-borne disease","drought","wildfire","climate migrant","urban heat island"],"geography_discussed":["Chicago","Great Lakes","Mississippi River","Canada","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","economic cost analysis"]},{"id":"cliint-000031","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cliint-000031","title":"Michigan Climate Impacts and Costs","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Integrity","organization":"center-for-climate-integrity"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2025","source_url":"https://climateintegrity.org/uploads/media/CCI_Michigan_Impacts_Costs_2023.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report details how climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of extreme weather in Michigan, leading to significant infrastructure damage, public health risks, and economic losses in tourism and agriculture.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000031#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Climate change is increasing precipitation in Michigan, with average annual precipitation in the Midwest rising by 5-10% and the four wettest days of the year increasing by 35%. Average annual precipitation in Michigan is projected to increase by another 5% by 2100.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000031#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Severe storms and flooding cause substantial financial losses; NOAA reports flooding costs an average of $4.6 billion per event and severe storms average $2.4 billion per event. In the first half of 2023, severe storms in the U.S. resulted in $34 billion in insured losses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000031#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Warmer temperatures and increased runoff are driving more frequent and earlier harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Michigan, including over 80 reported blooms across 38 counties in 2022. These blooms increase drinking water treatment costs by $10-$18 per person annually.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000031#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Michigan's average annual temperature has already increased by more than 2.5°F in most areas, with the most significant rises occurring in winter. By 2100, the average annual temperature is predicted to increase by nearly 9°F.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000031#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Rising temperatures are creating a 'cooling crisis' in education; the number of days above 90°F is expected to quadruple by mid-century. The Center for Climate Integrity estimates Michigan will need to spend $2.3 billion by 2025 to install air conditioning in schools, affecting over 500,000 students.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000031#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Winter tourism and recreation are declining due to warmer winters and reduced ice cover. Great Lakes winter ice coverage has decreased by 63%, and snowmobile sales in Michigan have dropped by 70% since approximately 2000.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000031#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite overall precipitation increases, summer droughts are predicted to intensify, threatening agricultural yields—such as asparagus, which generates $73 million annually—and increasing the likelihood of wildfires.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cliint-000031#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["flood","precipitation","climate change","air conditioning","vector-borne disease","coastal flood","wildfire","climate migration"],"geography_discussed":["Midwestern United States","Lake Erie","Lake Michigan","Detroit","Grand Rapids","Muskegon","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["impact assessment","economic cost analysis"]},{"id":"gem-000169","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/gem-000169","title":"KÖMÜR YAKITLI AFŞİN ELBİSTAN A TERMİK SANTRALİ GENİŞLETME PROJESİNİN HALK SAĞLIĞI ETKİLERİ VE EKONOMİK MALİYETİ","publisher":{"name":"Global Energy Monitor","organization":"global-energy-monitor"},"document_type":"report","language":"tr","date_published":"2024-09","source_url":"https://globalenergymonitor.org/sites/default/files/migration/reports/0906AfsinElbistanA_EkonomikMaliyetRaporu_THHP_0809.2024-2-1-1_1.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report calculates that the planned expansion of the Afşin Elbistan A Thermal Power Plant will cause significant public health damage and economic losses. In the first year of operation (2028), the project is estimated to cause 42 deaths and cost the economy 58.1 million USD. Over a 35-year operational period (2028-2063), the cumulative impact is projected to be 2,268 deaths and an economic cost of 2.6 billion USD, which the authors equate to the cost of building 29 hospitals with 500 beds each.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In the first operational year, estimated to be 2028, the 688 MW capacity increase is projected to cause 42 deaths, 43 emergency room visits for asthma, 87 children with asthma, 27 preterm births, 15 low birth weight births, and 16,917 lost workdays.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The estimated economic cost of air pollution from the additional capacity in the first year of operation is 58.1 million USD.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Over a 35-year operational period from 2028 to 2063, the cumulative health impacts are estimated at 2,268 deaths, 1,714 emergency room visits for asthma, 626 new pediatric asthma cases, 2,896 asthma attacks in children, 907 preterm births, 514 low birth weight births, and 755,904 sick leave days.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The total cumulative economic cost to the economy from 2028 to 2063 is estimated at 2.6 billion USD.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 2.6 billion USD economic burden is equivalent to the construction cost of 29 hospitals with 500 beds each, totaling 14,500 hospital beds.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study utilized the CALPUFF air dispersion model to simulate the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) resulting from the expansion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"gem-000169#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["coal-fired power station","air pollution","public health","particulates","environmental impact assessment"],"geography_discussed":["World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["health impact assessment","economic cost analysis","air quality modeling"]},{"id":"cer-000367","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-000367","title":"Potential health impacts of bypassing SO2 controls at Kusile","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2023-04","source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Annexure-4-CREA-Report.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document evaluates the consequences of bypassing Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) systems at the Kusile power station. It projects a six-fold increase in SO2 emissions and a 40% increase in mercury emissions, leading to an estimated 670 excess deaths and R16.8 billion in societal costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000367#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Bypassing the Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) systems would lead to a projected 6-fold increase in SO2 emissions and approximately a 40% increase in mercury emissions, as FGDs normally capture toxic mercury as a side benefit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000367#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The total excess emissions resulting from the requested exemption, compared to normal operation at the same utilisation, are projected to be 280,000 tonnes of SO2 and 7,200 kg of mercury. The excess SO2 emissions are equivalent to nearly 20 years of normal plant operations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000367#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The proposed variation of the Atmospheric Emission License (AEL) is projected to cause 670 excess deaths from air pollution (range: 430–950) compared to operating in accordance with the AEL. Total air pollution-related deaths in the bypass scenario are estimated at 930.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000367#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Beyond mortality, the FGD bypass is projected to cause significant non-fatal health impacts, including 3,000 asthma emergency room visits, 1,400 preterm births, 720,000 days of work absence, and 900 years lived with disability due to stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000367#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The societal costs associated with these projected health impacts are estimated at R16.8 billion, with a confidence interval between R10.3 billion and R24.4 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000367#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["environmental impact of mercury","air pollution","coal-fired power station","public health","particulates"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["health impact assessment","emissions modelling","economic cost analysis"]},{"id":"capeca-000092","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/capeca-000092","title":"A Costly Diagnosis","publisher":{"name":"Canadian Association of Physicians for the Environment","organization":"canadian-association-of-physicians-for-the-environment"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2013-03","source_url":"https://cape.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/A-Costly-Diagnosis-2013-Pembina-CAPE-Lung-Asthma-report.pdf#new_tab","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the health and economic impacts of Alberta's heavy reliance on coal-fired electricity, which generated 64 per cent of the province's electricity in 2012. Using the Illness Cost of Air Pollution (ICAP) model and other data, the authors estimate that coal plants contribute to hundreds of premature deaths and thousands of emergency department visits annually. The report identifies a wide range of pollutants, including nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, mercury, and particulate matter, which affect respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurological health. Economically, the report argues that the true societal cost of coal—including health damages and the social cost of carbon—ranges from 3.6 to 13.7 ¢/kWh, far exceeding the market pool price of 6.6 ¢/kWh. The authors conclude that the current system effectively subsidizes coal power at the expense of public health and recommend that Alberta accelerate the retirement of coal units beyond the 50-year limit allowed by federal regulations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"capeca-000092#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Alberta's electricity sector is the most greenhouse gas (GHG) intensive in Canada, with coal generating 64 per cent of its electricity in 2012.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"capeca-000092#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In 2011, coal plants in Alberta were responsible for significant portions of the province's man-made air pollution, including 33 per cent of sulphur dioxide, 10 per cent of nitrogen oxides, 6 per cent of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and 44 per cent of mercury.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"capeca-000092#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Illness Cost of Air Pollution (ICAP) model estimates that long-term exposure to air pollution from coal plants contributes to more than 100 premature deaths of Albertans annually, with a total of 3,085 estimated deaths between 2008 and 2031.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"capeca-000092#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coal-fired power plants are linked to significant respiratory morbidity in Alberta, including an estimated 4,800 to 5,300 asthma symptom days annually and approximately 250 emergency department visits for respiratory illnesses each year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"capeca-000092#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mercury emissions from coal plants pose a specific risk to fetal neurological development; research indicates that methylmercury exposure in utero can lead to cognitive function loss and reduced IQ in children.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"capeca-000092#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The total societal cost of burning coal for electricity in Alberta is estimated to be between 3.6 and 13.7 ¢/kWh, which is significantly higher than the 2012 pool price of 6.6 ¢/kWh.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"capeca-000092#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Federal regulations allow most existing coal plants to operate until their 50th year of operation, meaning some units in Alberta could remain active into the 2060s unless provincial policies intervene.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"capeca-000092#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["air pollution","greenhouse gas emissions","public health","particulates","environmental impact of mercury","climate change","energy transition","renewable energy","carbon capture and storage"],"geography_discussed":["Canada","Ontario","Nova Scotia","United States","World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["health impact assessment","economic cost analysis","policy review"]}]}