{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["econometric modelling"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'econometric modelling' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":5,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=econometric+modelling","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"clipolin-000857","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/clipolin-000857","title":"INSIGHTS RURAL SETTLEMENTS AND SMALL-SCALE DEFORESTATION","publisher":{"name":"Climate Policy Initiative","organization":"climate-policy-initiative"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":"2016-12","source_url":"https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Rural_Settlements_and_Small_Scale_Deforestation_Brief_EN_FINAL.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Research by the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) and PUC-Rio indicates that rural settlements were responsible for 30% of deforestation in the Amazon region in 2014. The study highlights that 'special settlements', intended to promote sustainable production, contributed 15% of the total deforestation caused by all rural settlements. While Brazil successfully reduced large-scale clearings between 2004 and 2014 using the DETER satellite-monitoring system, small-scale clearings associated with rural farmers and ranchers became a more prominent driver of forest loss.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000857#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Rural settlements were responsible for 30% of deforestation in the Amazon region in 2014, a finding that aligns with a separate 2016 study by the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000857#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Special rural settlements, which are designed to support sustainable production techniques and environmentally-friendly practices, account for 15% of the total deforestation in the Amazon in 2014, representing half of the total deforestation caused by all rural settlements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000857#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The area covered by rural settlements in the Amazon increased by more than 70% between 2002 and 2014, growing from 220,000 km² to 376,000 km².","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000857#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While the DETER satellite-monitoring and enforcement system helped reduce overall deforestation by up to 80% between 2004 and 2014 by curbing large-scale clearings, it struggled to detect smaller clearings, which became the 'new frontier' of deforestation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000857#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation"],"geography_discussed":["Ceará"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["econometric modelling","satellite imagery analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-002662","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002662","title":"Providing Clean Cooking Fuel in India: Challenges and solutions","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2016-04","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/clean-cooking-india-challenges-solutions_0.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes the transition from biomass and kerosene to LPG in Ghaziabad, India. It finds that while there is high willingness to use clean fuel, poor households are deterred by high startup costs and documentation requirements, often resorting to a costly black market. The study highlights the regressive nature of current subsidies and the significant impact of female literacy and household income on fuel switching.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002662#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a significant gap between the availability of the components required for the Jandhan-Aadhaar-Mobile (JAM) trinity and the ability of households to actually access the scheme. While nearly 90 per cent of surveyed households in Ghaziabad have access to the three requirements, only 65 per cent have at least one member who possesses all three simultaneously in their name to qualify for benefits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002662#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Official subsidized LPG connections are limited, leading to a flourishing black market. Only 43 per cent of households have official connections, while 22 per cent use 14.2 kg cylinders and 33 per cent use small cylinders (2 to 5 kg) obtained through informal channels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002662#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The current LPG subsidy regime is regressive, as households with higher per capita income are more likely to have official connections than those with low income.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002662#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Households without official LPG connections face a 'poverty trap' where they use less energy but pay more for it. The average monthly expenditure for households without LPG is INR 657, compared to INR 393 for those with connections, despite the latter consuming more energy (341 MJ vs 292 MJ per month).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002662#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"High initial 'startup' costs and documentation requirements are the primary barriers preventing poor households from obtaining formal LPG connections. Distributors often force customers to buy expensive accessories, such as burners and regulators, as a precondition for the connection.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002662#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Female literacy and education are critical determinants for the adoption of cleaner fuels. A one-year increase in female education is associated with an increase in the relative log odds of using both mixed and modern fuels over traditional fuels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002662#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of biomass for cooking has severe health implications for women and children. Among women respondents using biomass, 97 per cent reported eye irritation, followed by respiratory problems and burns.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002662#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Cooking with biomass and kerosene is significantly more time-consuming than using LPG. Per cooking session, biomass requires 22.20 minutes more cooking time and 7.46 minutes more cleaning time compared to LPG.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002662#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study estimates that an average family in the Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation requires approximately 137.67 kg of LPG per year, which equates to 9–10 cylinders of 14.2 kg each.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002662#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["clean cooking","biomass","energy access","energy transition","energy subsidy","household air pollution","poverty reduction"],"geography_discussed":["Delhi","Uttar Pradesh"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","household survey","econometric modelling"]},{"id":"climstra-000057","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/climstra-000057","title":"2009 Research Highlights","publisher":{"name":"Climate Strategies","organization":"climate-strategies"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2009-11","source_url":"https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/2009-cs-research-compendium-master-4.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2009 Research Highlights from Climate Strategies provides a comprehensive overview of projects addressing the operational challenges of the EU ETS, the feasibility of linking emissions trading schemes, and the design of financial mechanisms for the UNFCCC. It specifically investigates carbon leakage in energy-intensive sectors like cement and steel, the potential for 'Green Investment Schemes' in Central and Eastern Europe, and the implementation of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) in countries including Ghana, South Africa, Brazil, and India. The document also assesses the impact of carbon pricing on the chemical sector and the evolving climate policy landscape in Russia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Carbon leakage is likely in the cement, steel, and aluminium sectors due to their cost and market structures and integration into international markets, though the degree of exposure varies by sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Unilateral border adjustments to address carbon leakage risk causing trade conflicts and endangering global climate deals; therefore, they should only be pursued through a multilateral process.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Formal, direct linking of emissions trading schemes is unlikely in the short term due to numerous barriers; instead, markets are likely to be indirectly linked via unilateral links to the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The EU ETS has demonstrated that emissions trading is effective, cutting emissions by 120–300 million metric tonnes of CO2 during its first phase, and that macroeconomic impacts on GDP have been small.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Free allocation of emission allowances can lead to windfall profits and degrade program efficiency by reducing the incentive for low-carbon innovation and investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has seen significant geographic concentration in China, India, and Brazil, while Sub-Saharan Africa has mobilized far fewer projects than its technical potential suggests.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"For the CDM to be effective in Least Developed Countries (LDCs), preferential access to the EU ETS or discounting of credits is insufficient because it does not address the underlying causes of their lack of competitiveness.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A proposed 'Reformed Financial Mechanism' (RFM) for the UNFCCC suggests consolidating funding at international and national levels while devolving funding decisions to recipient countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the chemical sector, carbon cost increases relative to net production value are particularly high for calcium carbide, chlorine, and soda ash, which may warrant leakage concerns.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Russia's 'climate doctrine' discussed in April 2009 recognizes climate change as a phenomenon and suggests that efficiency improvements could benefit the Russian economy, potentially reducing GDP loss from unchecked climate change by 25%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Green Investment Schemes (GIS) in Central and Eastern Europe provide a hybrid mechanism to use revenues from the sale of Assigned Amount Units (AAUs) for greening activities, with a high priority for low-energy retrofits of old building stock.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"International support for domestic action in developing countries should be demand-driven and linked to Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) to enhance the scale and speed of low-carbon transitions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000057#insight-12","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["European Union Emission Trading Scheme 1","carbon leakage","climate finance","United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change","clean development mechanism","Low carbon development","energy efficiency","renewable energy","carbon price","technology transfer","carbon emission trading","Villevocance"],"geography_discussed":["European Union","Russia","People's Republic of China","India","South Africa","Brazil","Ghana","United States","Japan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","econometric modelling","case study","institutional analysis"]},{"id":"sei-001968","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-001968","title":"The Tees Valley Footprint Report","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2007-07","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Future/tees_valley_footprint.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Tees Valley Footprint Report evaluates the environmental impact of residents in the Tees Valley, UK, using Ecological and Carbon Footprint analysis. It finds that the region's ecological footprint is more than double the world average, and that 'business as usual' trends in housing and transport are likely to increase per capita carbon emissions over the next 20 years. The report uses the REAP software to model alternative scenarios, suggesting that significant reductions in housing emissions are possible through combined energy efficiency and renewable energy measures, while transport emissions require large-scale structural shifts and behavioral changes to see meaningful declines.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001968#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Ecological Footprint of the Tees Valley is 5.12 global hectares per person, which is more than twice the global average of 2.2 gha/cap.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001968#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Carbon Footprint of the Tees Valley is 10.85 tonnes per person; to meet a proposed 60% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by 2050, this figure would need to drop to approximately 4 tonnes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001968#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Tees Valley has one of the highest food footprints in the UK, while its footprints for housing, transport, and consumables are lower than the UK average.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001968#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Under 'Business as Usual' (BAU) projections, per capita carbon dioxide emissions from housing are expected to increase by 5.5% and transport emissions by 8.7% over the next 20 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001968#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant reductions in the carbon footprint of housing can be achieved without altering new build projections or demolition rates by combining renewable energy increases, energy efficiency retrofits for existing homes, and higher energy performance standards for new builds.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001968#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Small-scale transport initiatives, such as car clubs or limited car-sharing, are unlikely to reduce the region's carbon footprint unless they are part of a broader combination of policies that target the entire population and reduce car reliance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001968#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Dietary changes and the reduction of food waste could potentially reduce the Ecological Footprint of food consumption in the Tees Valley by 45%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-001968#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon footprint","energy efficiency","renewable energy","sustainable transport","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom","World","Hartlepool","Redcar and Cleveland","Middlesbrough","Stockton-on-Tees","Darlington"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["scenario analysis","footprint analysis","econometric modelling"]},{"id":"iisd-002822","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002822","title":"Determining Demand for Energy Services","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2003-01-24","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/energy_determing_demand.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The research develops a two-step econometric model to determine the demand for energy services (space heating, water heating, and appliances/lighting) for 440 Canadian households. By using deterministic frontier analysis to estimate the efficiency of furnaces and water heaters, the authors find that low-income households are significantly more responsive to price and income changes than higher-income households. The study confirms a 'rebound effect' where increased efficiency leads to higher energy service demand. These findings are used to argue for targeted subsidies, such as funding for efficient furnaces, to help low-income groups cope with energy price increases driven by climate change policies. The authors also discuss the potential application of this methodology to the Indian energy sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002822#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Low-income households exhibit a higher responsiveness to both price and income changes compared to higher-income households across all energy services.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002822#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Space heating load shows the most significant distributional difference in price elasticity, with a factor of two difference between low- and high-income groups.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002822#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study confirms the existence of a rebound effect, where improvements in the efficiency of furnaces and water heaters lead to an increase in the demand for the energy services they provide.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002822#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Low-income households allocate a disproportionately larger share of their budget to energy expenses; in 2000, the ratio of total energy expenditures to total expenditures for the low-income group (< $30,180) was 8%, compared to 2% for the high-income group (> $61,849).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002822#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The demand for water heating is the least sensitive to changes in household income, with an income elasticity two orders of magnitude smaller than that of space heating and appliances/lighting.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002822#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Deterministic frontier analysis revealed that electricity-fired water heaters generally possess higher energy efficiency than gas-fired water heaters.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002822#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors suggest that targeted subsidies for more efficient gas furnaces are more progressive and effective for lower-income groups than lump-sum payments or universal price subsidies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002822#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy efficiency","climate policy","energy subsidy","energy poverty"],"geography_discussed":["India","Newfoundland and Labrador","New Brunswick","Ontario","Manitoba","Saskatchewan","Alberta","British Columbia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["econometric modelling","frontier analysis","cross-sectional analysis"]}]}