{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["descriptive statistics"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'descriptive statistics' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":6,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=descriptive+statistics","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"sei-000496","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000496","title":"Transport Choice Infrastructure Impact","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2024-03-20","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/transport-choice-infrastructure-impact/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study identifies reliability, punctuality, and physical accessibility as the primary drivers of transport modal choice among Swedish residents, noting that transport cost is not necessarily a key factor. While most respondents share similar expectations regardless of sociodemographic group, some regional differences exist in how transport infrastructure is experienced.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000496#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The primary factors influencing modal choice for the surveyed residents are reliability, punctuality, and physical accessibility, with mean scores of 5.53, 5.49, and 5.42 respectively on a 1 to 7 scale.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000496#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Respondents generally share similar expectations for transport services across different sociodemographic groups, as differences in the rating of top modal choice drivers were often statistically non-significant.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000496#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Transport cost is not identified as one of the key factors governing modal choice, suggesting that new infrastructure or policy interventions could make non-car transport modes more attractive.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000496#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["electric vehicle","public transport","active mobility","Transportation emission","sustainable transport"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["survey","descriptive statistics","inferential statistics"]},{"id":"sei-002230","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002230","title":"The role of municipal governments in the sustainability transition – research and experimentation","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2021","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/conference-paper-cities-and-experimentation-innovate4cities-final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study analyzed 452 grants awarded to nine Swedish cities, finding an exponential increase in municipal participation in research projects over the last decade. While cities are engaging across a wider variety of sectors—most notably climate and resource efficiency—and themes like digitalization, they are less frequently in leading roles compared to 2011. The research highlights a persistent underrepresentation of civil society in these consortia, which remain dominated by industry, government, and academia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002230#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between 2011 and 2020, there was an exponential increase in the number of research projects involving the nine sampled Swedish municipal governments, growing from 13 projects in 2011 to 57 new projects awarded in 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002230#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Municipal governments are taking a leading role in fewer projects over time; in 2011, 31% of projects were led by municipalities, but by 2020, this figure dropped to 19%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002230#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'climate and resource efficiency' sector is the primary focus of these projects, accounting for 86 of the 452 projects and receiving the highest funding at 417 million SEK.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002230#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Digitalization is the most frequent theme across projects, appearing in 120 of 452 projects and receiving the highest thematic funding of 445 million SEK.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002230#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Project consortia have become more complex and larger, increasing from an average of 7 organizations in 2011 to 8 in 2020, while average funding per project and per partner has decreased substantially.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002230#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Civil society is consistently underrepresented in research consortia, remaining a marginal participant (averaging 1 to 3% in Swedish Innovation Agency projects) and showing particular absence in sectors like 'care, education and wellbeing' and themes like 'inclusion and citizen participation'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002230#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate justice","Sustainable Development Goals"],"geography_discussed":["Gothenburg","Linköping","Lund","Malmö","Nacka","Örebro","Östersund","Västerås","Vellinge"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["descriptive statistics"]},{"id":"cdkn-000297","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cdkn-000297","title":"Perceptions of water access in the context of climate change by rural households in the Seke and Murewa districts, Zimbabwe","publisher":{"name":"Climate and Development Knowledge Network","organization":"climate-and-development-knowledge-network"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2013-10-31","source_url":"https://cdkn.org/resource/perceptions-of-water-access-in-the-context-of-climate-change-by-rural-households-in-the-seke-and-murewa-districts-zimbabwe","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A 2011 survey of 300 rural households in Zimbabwe's Seke and Murewa districts found that water shortages, attributed to reduced rainfall, are a significant concern. While most households rely on rainfall for crops and rivers for livestock, there is a general perception that water availability will decrease in the future, a view more prevalent among female-headed households. Despite these challenges, few respondents consider emigration, and many lack the means to address water shortages, indicating a need for sustainable water management training.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000297#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Rural households in the study area rely on rainfall for crops, rivers for livestock, and protected wells for domestic use, but they face water shortages primarily caused by reduced rainfall.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000297#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a general expectation of decreased water availability in the future, with female-headed households expressing this concern more frequently than male-headed households.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000297#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While few respondents are considering emigration, female-headed households are more likely to do so than male-headed ones, and many households report having no means to mitigate water shortages.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cdkn-000297#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","water management","gender"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["cross-sectional survey","descriptive statistics"]},{"id":"climstra-000162","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/climstra-000162","title":"Climate Change, Investment and Carbon Markets and Prices – Evidence from Manager Interviews","publisher":{"name":"Climate Strategies","organization":"climate-strategies"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2011-01","source_url":"https://climatestrategies.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/cplci-climate-change-investment-and-carbon-markets-and-prices-110201.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The study analyzes how EU ETS carbon pricing and allowance allocations influence the strategic decisions of manufacturing firms. Key findings indicate that while many firms implement basic energy-saving measures, a significant portion of EU ETS participants engage passively with the market. Crucially, the research identifies a causal link between the stringency of emissions caps and 'clean' product innovation, suggesting that generous free allowance allocations may actually hinder innovation by reducing the signaling effect for senior management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000162#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of firms (over 60%) implement energy- and GHG emissions-saving measures specifically related to their core processes and machinery.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000162#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The average required payback time for energy-saving investments is nearly four years, though this varies by country; UK firms have the lowest average at 3.5 years, while Polish firms average over five years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000162#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Approximately 30% of firms in the EU ETS are passive participants who view carbon allowances as a compliance requirement rather than a financial asset.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000162#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many firms do not trade excess allowances unless they possess a significant surplus, typically between 5,000 and 10,000 allowances, though these untraded allowances represent less than 10% of all excess allowances.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000162#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Firms expect carbon prices to rise significantly, with an average expected price of €40 for the post-2012 trading period, and anticipate tighter caps in Phase III (starting 2013).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000162#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Clean innovation varies by type and geography: 70% of firms engage in clean process innovation (led by France) and 40% engage in clean product innovation (led by Germany), with the lowest activity in Hungary and Poland.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000162#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant positive association between a firm's expectations regarding the future stringency of its emissions cap and its engagement in clean innovation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000162#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Firms that narrowly miss the thresholds for receiving free allowances engage more strongly in climate-related product innovation than those that qualify for exemptions, suggesting that free allocations can discourage innovation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"climstra-000162#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon price","European Union Emission Trading Scheme 1","energy efficiency","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["Belgium","France","Germany","Hungary","Poland","United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["descriptive statistics","regression analysis","manager interviews"]},{"id":"clipolin-000407","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/clipolin-000407","title":"Climate Change, Investment and Carbon Markets and Prices – Evidence from Manager Interviews","publisher":{"name":"Climate Policy Initiative","organization":"climate-policy-initiative"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2011-01","source_url":"https://www.climatepolicyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Climate-Change-Investment-and-Carbon-Markets-and-Prices.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Based on interviews with approximately 800 manufacturing firms in Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, and the UK, the study examines how carbon pricing influences corporate behavior. It finds that while many firms implement energy-saving measures and process innovation, product innovation is more strongly driven by the expected stringency of emissions caps. The research highlights a 'trading threshold' where firms with small excess allowances avoid the market and suggests that generous free allocation of allowances may hinder innovation by reducing the signaling effect of tight carbon budgets to senior management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000407#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A majority of firms (over 60%) that implement greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction measures focus on energy- and GHG emissions-saving measures related to their core processes and machinery.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000407#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The average payback time required for energy-saving investments is nearly four years, though this varies by country; UK firms report the lowest average at 3.5 years, while Polish firms average over five years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000407#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Approximately 30% of firms in the EU ETS participate passively, viewing the system as a compliance requirement rather than a financial opportunity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000407#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Firms typically only begin selling excess allowances on the EU ETS market once they possess a surplus of 5,000 to 10,000 allowances, though this 'no trade' category accounts for less than 10% of all excess allowances.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000407#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Firms expect carbon prices to increase significantly in the future, with an average expected price of €40 for the post-2012 trading period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000407#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Expectations for the stringency of emissions caps increase for Phase III (starting 2013), with the proportion of firms viewing their allocation as non-binding dropping from 40% in Phase II to less than 10% in Phase III.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000407#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Clean process innovation is more common (70% of firms) than clean product innovation (40% of firms), with France leading in process innovation and Germany leading in product innovation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000407#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant positive association between a firm's expectations regarding the future stringency of its emissions cap and its engagement in clean innovation, particularly product innovation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000407#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Firms that narrowly miss the thresholds for receiving free allowances under European Commission criteria engage more strongly in product innovation than those that qualify for exemptions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000407#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The practice of generously allocating free allowances to manufacturing sectors may reduce innovation by failing to signal the importance of GHG emissions to senior management.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"clipolin-000407#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["carbon price","European Union Emission Trading Scheme 1","greenhouse gas emissions","energy efficiency","Emissions trading"],"geography_discussed":["Belgium","France","Germany","Hungary","Poland","United Kingdom"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["descriptive statistics","regression analysis","manager interviews"]},{"id":"prio-001213","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001213","title":"Armed Conflict and Post-Conflict Justice, 1946–2006: A Dataset","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/a68f71c1-5c51-42f6-957e-ad4314e77750/Armed Conflict and Post-Conflict Justice 1946-2006.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The authors present a dataset of 357 armed conflict episodes (1946–2006) to track post-conflict justice (PCJ) processes. PCJ is defined as any process initiated within five years of a conflict's end to address wrongdoings. The dataset identifies six primary tools: trials, truth commissions, reparations, amnesties, purges, and exiles. Preliminary analysis shows that the choice of justice mechanism is influenced by conflict intensity, incompatibility (territorial vs. government control), and the type of termination (victory vs. bargained solution). For instance, trials are more frequent after decisive victories, while amnesties are more common after bargained solutions and in high-intensity civil wars.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The dataset covers 357 armed conflict episodes from 1946 to 2006, identifying 272 post-conflict justice processes related to 173 different conflict episodes. Approximately 53% of post-conflict societies implement at least one PCJ tool, and 22% implement two or more.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Trials are the most common PCJ process, with domestic trials being the most frequent. Of the 78 trial processes recorded, 45% involved executions and 12 cases were identified as breaches of justice, such as show trials.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Amnesties are frequent in post-conflict societies, with 92 cases recorded. Most are granted unconditionally, often as part of peace agreements, and are frequently extended to the losing party as a means to bargain for peace.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Conflict intensity significantly influences the choice of justice mechanism. Only 17% of civil wars (defined as having at least 1,000 battle deaths) resulted in trial processes, whereas nearly one-third of low-intensity conflicts (fewer than 1,000 battle deaths) did. Civil wars also lead to more amnesties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The method of conflict termination affects PCJ selection: trials are more frequent after decisive victories (47% of cases), while amnesties are most common after bargained solutions (45% of cases). Purges and exiles are also more prevalent following military victories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Conflicts fought over government control are more likely to result in the implementation of PCJ processes than those fought over territorial disputes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Sierra Leone","Rwanda","Liberia","Chile","Argentina","Azerbaijan","South Yemen","Saudi Arabia","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Equatorial Guinea","Papua New Guinea","Iran","Russia","People's Republic of China","Nicaragua","Gabon"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["dataset introduction","descriptive statistics","comparative analysis"]}]}