{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["dataset introduction"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'dataset introduction' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":4,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=dataset+introduction","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"prio-001213","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001213","title":"Armed Conflict and Post-Conflict Justice, 1946–2006: A Dataset","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/a68f71c1-5c51-42f6-957e-ad4314e77750/Armed Conflict and Post-Conflict Justice 1946-2006.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The authors present a dataset of 357 armed conflict episodes (1946–2006) to track post-conflict justice (PCJ) processes. PCJ is defined as any process initiated within five years of a conflict's end to address wrongdoings. The dataset identifies six primary tools: trials, truth commissions, reparations, amnesties, purges, and exiles. Preliminary analysis shows that the choice of justice mechanism is influenced by conflict intensity, incompatibility (territorial vs. government control), and the type of termination (victory vs. bargained solution). For instance, trials are more frequent after decisive victories, while amnesties are more common after bargained solutions and in high-intensity civil wars.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The dataset covers 357 armed conflict episodes from 1946 to 2006, identifying 272 post-conflict justice processes related to 173 different conflict episodes. Approximately 53% of post-conflict societies implement at least one PCJ tool, and 22% implement two or more.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Trials are the most common PCJ process, with domestic trials being the most frequent. Of the 78 trial processes recorded, 45% involved executions and 12 cases were identified as breaches of justice, such as show trials.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Amnesties are frequent in post-conflict societies, with 92 cases recorded. Most are granted unconditionally, often as part of peace agreements, and are frequently extended to the losing party as a means to bargain for peace.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Conflict intensity significantly influences the choice of justice mechanism. Only 17% of civil wars (defined as having at least 1,000 battle deaths) resulted in trial processes, whereas nearly one-third of low-intensity conflicts (fewer than 1,000 battle deaths) did. Civil wars also lead to more amnesties.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The method of conflict termination affects PCJ selection: trials are more frequent after decisive victories (47% of cases), while amnesties are most common after bargained solutions (45% of cases). Purges and exiles are also more prevalent following military victories.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Conflicts fought over government control are more likely to result in the implementation of PCJ processes than those fought over territorial disputes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001213#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Sierra Leone","Rwanda","Liberia","Chile","Argentina","Azerbaijan","South Yemen","Saudi Arabia","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Equatorial Guinea","Papua New Guinea","Iran","Russia","People's Republic of China","Nicaragua","Gabon"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["dataset introduction","descriptive statistics","comparative analysis"]},{"id":"prio-001487","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001487","title":"Introducing the Strategies of Resistance Data Project","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/06d8a550-3809-4940-9902-28cfba5a4351/Introducing the Strategies of Resistance data project.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Strategies of Resistance Data Project (SRDP) provides a global dataset of 1,124 organizations involved in self-determination disputes between 1960 and 2005. Unlike previous datasets that focus on mass campaigns or violent actors, SRDP uses the organization as the unit of analysis to track tactical shifts. Findings indicate that nonviolent tactics are more common than violence in these movements, and organizations are more likely to switch from violence to nonviolence than vice versa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001487#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The SRDP dataset includes 1,124 organizations involved in movements for national self-determination across 76 countries and 138 movements between 1960 and 2005.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001487#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Nonviolent tactics are more prevalent than violent tactics among organizations in self-determination movements; 40% of organizations used nonviolent tactics at some point, compared to approximately 30% that employed violence against the state.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001487#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant portion of organizations employ a diversity of tactics, with about 15% using both violent and nonviolent tactics in the same year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001487#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis of tactical switching reveals that organizations are more likely to transition from violence to nonviolence than from nonviolence to violence, contradicting the assumption that actors simply 'resort' to violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001487#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A comparison with the NAVCO 2.0 dataset shows that the majority of resistance activity occurs outside of large-scale mass campaigns; nearly 70% of nonviolent and 54% of violent organization-years in SRDP took place outside the context of a NAVCO campaign.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001487#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The SRDP categorizes nonviolent tactics into five distinct types: economic noncooperation, protest and demonstration, nonviolent intervention, social noncooperation, and political noncooperation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001487#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"At the organization level, a higher degree of movement fragmentation is associated with a switch from violence to nonviolence, but not with a switch from nonviolence to violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001487#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"At the movement level, the presence of at least one organization demanding independence is associated with a decreased likelihood of stopping nonviolence and an increased likelihood of ceasing violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001487#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Spain","Morocco","Myanmar","Bangladesh","Ethiopia","Comoros","Chile","Nicaragua","Iraq","Algeria","Canada","Belgium","Moldova","Slovakia","Indonesia","Thailand"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative analysis","dataset introduction","multinomial logistic modeling"]},{"id":"prio-001506","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001506","title":"Justice during armed conflict: A new dataset on government and rebel strategies","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/6b139e81-28a9-4f2f-92e6-ac563715f2a1/Justice during Armed Conflict A New Dataset on Government and Rebel Strategies.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The authors present the During-Conflict Justice (DCJ) dataset, which catalogues 2,205 justice processes across 204 internal armed conflicts in 108 countries between 1946 and 2011. The research identifies that DCJ is a common tool, appearing in over 60% of conflicts since WWII, with governments being the primary adopters (70.4%). The study finds that democratic governments are more likely to use DCJ, particularly trials, truth commissions, and reparations, compared to autocracies. Rebel groups tend to use DCJ more frequently when fighting democracies and as their own relative military strength increases. Analysis suggests that government-initiated DCJ is correlated with a reduction in battle deaths in the following year and a higher likelihood of the conflict ending in a negotiated settlement rather than a military victory.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001506#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The During-Conflict Justice (DCJ) dataset covers 2,205 justice processes across 204 internal armed conflicts in 108 countries from 1946 to 2011, revealing that over 60 percent of conflicts since the Second World War included at least one DCJ process.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001506#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Governments are the dominant users of DCJ, initiating 70.4% of all processes, while rebel groups are responsible for 10.3%. Rebels are more likely to employ trials, purges, and amnesties than capacity-intensive processes like reparations and truth commissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001506#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Democratic governments are more likely to utilize DCJ than anocracies or autocracies, particularly in the use of trials, truth commissions, and reparations to investigate and remedy wrongdoings involving civilians.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001506#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of trials has increased significantly since 1946, with a notable rise in the mid-1990s that exceeds the overall increase in the number of ongoing armed conflicts, aligning with the 'justice cascade' theory.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001506#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is an inverse relationship between rebel strength and government DCJ use; as rebels become stronger, government use of DCJ decreases. Conversely, rebel use of DCJ increases as they gain strength and capacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001506#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Government-initiated DCJ is associated with a decrease in conflict intensity; 38% of conflict years with government DCJ saw a reduction in battle deaths the following year, compared to 19% for years without such processes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001506#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The likelihood of a conflict ending in a negotiated settlement doubles when the government initiates at least one DCJ process, while the likelihood of a military victory decreases from 37% to 23%.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001506#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Uganda","Sri Lanka","Thailand","Israel","Peru","Guatemala","Ethiopia","Bangladesh","India","Haiti","Angola","Liberia","Rwanda","Nepal","Middle East","Europe","Asia","Africa","Americas"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative analysis","dataset introduction","cross-national study"]},{"id":"prio-001818","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001818","title":"Urban Social Disorder 3.0: A global, city-level event dataset of political mobilization and disorder","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/35628c8a-1cec-4e9f-ad1e-4cf70431ba4c/Thomson Bahgat Urdal Buhaug 2022 Urban Social Disorder 3 Global City-level Event Dataset of Political Mobilization and Disorder.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The authors present Urban Social Disorder 3.0, a global event dataset covering 186 cities from 1960-2014, containing 13,324 events. The study finds that global urban social disorder increased after the early 2000s, driven largely by Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Contrary to some previous research, the authors find a positive relationship between city population size and the frequency of lethal disorder events, while urban growth rates show no such association. The analysis also suggests that autocratic regimes may be more effective at suppressing lethal urban disorder than democratic ones.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001818#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Urban Social Disorder 3.0 (USD) dataset comprises 13,324 events across 186 cities between 1960 and 2014, focusing primarily on national capitals and major urban centers with populations exceeding 100,000 in 2014.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001818#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global urban social disorder followed a trend of increasing frequency from the 1960s to the 1980s, experienced a decline in the 1990s, and rose again after the early 2000s, reaching an average of 26.7 total monthly events and 10.4 lethal monthly events by 2014.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001818#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The post-2000 increase in global urban social disorder was primarily driven by growth in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, while Latin America saw a decline.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001818#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Organized demonstrations are the most common type of urban social disorder globally (29.1%), followed by armed attacks (18.1%), while inter-communal warfare (0.6%) and pro-government demonstrations (1.5%) are the least frequent.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001818#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis of the global sample reveals a positive and significant association between city population size and the rate of urban disorder, although the rate of urban population growth is not associated with the outcome.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001818#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study suggests a 'global autocratic peace,' indicating that authoritarian regimes are often more effective at discouraging public dissent and avoiding lethal urban social disorder than democratic regimes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001818#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Lethal urban disorder is strongly linked to ongoing civil conflict, economic shocks, and lower income levels across various regions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001818#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["urbanization","food security","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["Asia","Middle East","Africa","Europe","Latin America","Baghdad","London","Beirut","Paris"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["quantitative analysis","dataset introduction","longitudinal study","regression analysis"]}]}