{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["cross-platform analysis"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'cross-platform analysis' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=cross-platform+analysis","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"isdglo-000150","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000150","title":"Tangled Web","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Tangled-Web.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report provides a cross-platform analysis of harmful online activity in the UK, identifying a complex ecosystem where disinformation, conspiracy theories, and extremism interlink. Using a dataset of 768 UK-relevant accounts, the study finds that while explicit hate speech is a small proportion of total messaging, extremist actors maintain significant reach on platforms like Facebook and YouTube. The research highlights a 'hybridised' threat landscape where anti-vaccine and anti-government narratives often blend into overt white supremacy, and notes a growing migration toward 'alt-tech' platforms such as Bitchute and Odysee.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Accounts associated with hate speech and extremist content are more easily discoverable on the studied platforms than those associated with terrorism. Of the 768 UK-relevant accounts identified, only 55 met the project's definition of terrorism, with 42 of those supporting proscribed groups linked to Northern Ireland-related terrorism.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is significant overlap and linguistic continuity between harmful conspiracists and white nationalist communities. Natural language processing identified nine interlinked linguistic communities, showing a spectrum that blends Covid-19 conspiracies, anti-immigration narratives, and opposition to the LGBTQ+ community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major social media platforms continue to host high-reach extremist content. Islamist extremist accounts on Facebook averaged over 568,000 followers among the top four accounts, while the largest UK extreme-right channel on YouTube had close to 2 million subscribers and some far-right Telegram channels exceeded 150,000 subscribers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"YouTube is the most frequently linked-to platform by the studied harmful actors, accounting for 78% of all external platform links (over 50,000 links). Additionally, accounts on 4chan, Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook regularly directed followers to Telegram.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a notable trend of UK-relevant harmful actors linking to 'alt-tech' platforms. Bitchute, Odysee, Gettr, and Rumble were each linked to more frequently than Facebook, Instagram, or Reddit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Explicit hate speech constitutes a very small fraction of the total messages sent by the identified harmful accounts, representing only 0.35% of overall messages. This suggests that extremists often promote supremacist worldviews through 'grey area' content that avoids overt dehumanisation to evade moderation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Among the detected hate speech, the highest proportion targeted individuals based on national origin (47%), followed by anti-Muslim hate speech (24%), antisemitism (15%), and anti-black hate speech (7%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Engagement levels varied by platform: 4chan's /pol/ board saw the highest volume of UK user activity with 1,891,328 comments. Telegram channels received 95,388,986 cumulative views, and YouTube videos from associated accounts were viewed 37,429,616 times.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000150#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Northern Ireland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["cross-platform analysis","network mapping","semantic clustering","hate speech classification"]},{"id":"isdglo-000169","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000169","title":"Web of Hate","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Web-of-Hate_A-Retrospective-Study-of-Online-Gendered-Abuse-in-2022-in-the-United-States_update.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes online gendered abuse in the US during 2022, focusing on events like the Depp v. Heard trial and the reversal of Roe v. Wade. It finds that these events acted as catalysts for misogynistic content, particularly targeting women in politics and those with intersecting identities. The study highlights the role of influencers like Andrew Tate and Nick Fuentes in spreading hate and criticizes social media platforms for inconsistent enforcement of their hate speech policies, especially in comment sections and regarding non-textual content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Certain high-profile events in 2022 served as primary catalysts for misogynistic speech, with the highest volumes of abuse linked to the Depp v. Heard trial, the US midterm elections, and political figures such as Nancy Pelosi and Liz Cheney.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women in politics, particularly Democrats and women of color, were targeted by gendered disinformation across all analyzed platforms, with Telegram identified as being especially toxic.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women with intersecting identities faced compounded abuse; for example, over 80% of analyzed Facebook posts regarding trans athlete Lia Thomas were classified as transphobic, and Brittney Griner was targeted with a combination of racism, homophobia, and misgendering.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A small group of influential actors, including Andrew Tate, Jack Posobiec, and Nick Fuentes, significantly drive the spread of misogynistic rhetoric, often bypassing platform restrictions through fan accounts or alternative platforms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The prevalence of misogyny in image and video formats exposes the inadequacy of text-based content moderation, particularly on Facebook and Telegram where violent imagery often lacks accompanying misogynistic keywords in captions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Misogynistic content often utilizes a cross-platform strategy, using platforms like Telegram to redirect users to other sites such as TikTok or BitChute to ensure content remains accessible after removal from mainstream sites.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While major platforms (Twitter, Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok) have policies against gendered abuse, enforcement is inconsistent and often fails to address toxic comment sections and replies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Telegram is characterized by the most permissive environment for misogyny due to a lack of specific policies against misogynistic speech and images and a 'hands-off' approach to moderation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000169#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Taiwan","Russia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["retrospective study","cross-platform analysis","quantitative analysis","qualitative analysis"]}]}