{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["cross-national analysis"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'cross-national analysis' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":4,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=cross-national+analysis","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"ipie-000048","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000048","title":"2023 글로벌 정보 환경에 대한 전문가 설문조사: 기술 정책 및 설계를 위한 교훈","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"et","date_published":"2023-02","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563b1f87688a3e476a79f9a_SFP2023.2%20-%20KO.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 IPIE expert survey of 289 researchers across 54 countries identifies the availability of accurate information and diversity of opinion as critical features of a healthy information environment. Social media platforms and politicians are viewed as the primary threats globally, though specific concerns vary by political regime: experts in democratic systems emphasize foreign interference and climate misinformation, while those studying autocratic systems highlight threats from central governments and gender-related misinformation. A significant majority of respondents believe the information environment will worsen by 2024, citing a lack of platform data access as a major barrier to research and a lack of accountability for social media companies as a key policy failure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000048#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information and diversity of opinion as the most critical characteristics of a healthy information environment. Specifically, 62% of the 289 respondents selected the availability of accurate information as one of the top five elements for ensuring online safety, with 21% ranking it first, while 50% identified diversity of opinion as a key feature.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000048#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and politicians are perceived as the most severe threats to a healthy global information environment across all political regimes. Approximately 33% of experts across all regimes identified social media platforms as a threat, and 31% of those studying democratic trends specifically named politicians.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000048#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Perceptions of threats vary significantly based on the political regime being studied. Experts focusing on autocratic regimes view central governments, state-supported media, and local news outlets as severe threats, whereas those studying democratic regimes are more concerned with foreign interference. Additionally, experts in autocratic contexts worry about misinformation regarding gender, while those in democratic contexts are most concerned with misinformation about climate science and the environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000048#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is significant concern regarding the design and accountability of online content moderation. 66% of experts believe a primary issue is the inability to hold social media companies accountable, and 55% cited poorly designed AI-based content moderation systems as a major concern.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000048#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of the surveyed experts hold a negative outlook for the near future, with 54% predicting that the information environment in their area of expertise will deteriorate by 2024, while only 12% expect improvement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000048#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The international research community identifies a lack of access to platform data as the primary obstacle to improving the understanding of the global information environment, a sentiment shared by 72% of respondents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000048#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","obsidian"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","cross-national analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000032","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000032","title":"Encuesta de 2023 a expertos sobre el entorno global de la información","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"es","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aabd4112006d552e5f07_SFP2023.2%20-%20ES.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 expert survey by the International Panel on the Information Environment (IPIE) highlights a global consensus on the necessity of accurate information and diversity of voices for a healthy information environment. Experts identify social media platforms and politicians as primary threats, with specific concerns regarding the lack of accountability for platform owners and the inadequacy of AI-driven content moderation. The report notes a divergence in perceived threats based on regime type: experts in autocracies emphasize threats from national governments and state-supported media, while those studying democracies are more concerned with foreign interference and climate science misinformation. A significant majority of researchers (72%) cite the lack of access to platform data as the primary barrier to improving the understanding of the global information environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information and a diversity of voices as the most critical characteristics of a healthy information environment, with 66% prioritizing accuracy and 50% valuing diversity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and politicians are perceived as the most significant threats to a healthy global information environment across all regime types, cited by 33% and 31% of experts respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a distinct difference in perceived threats based on the political regime: experts studying autocracies highlight national governments and state-supported media, whereas those studying democracies focus on foreign interference.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Specific types of misinformation are prioritized differently by regime: experts in autocracies are concerned with gender-related misinformation, while those in democracies are most concerned with misinformation regarding climate science.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Content moderation is viewed as problematic, specifically regarding the inability to hold social media companies accountable (66%) and the failure of AI-designed moderation systems (55%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The primary obstacle to advancing the understanding of the global information environment is the lack of access to data from platforms, as stated by 72% of the international research community.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A majority of experts (54%) predict that the information environment in their specific countries of expertise will worsen in 2024, with only 12% expecting improvement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000032#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","digital divide"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","cross-national analysis"]},{"id":"ipie-000036","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ipie-000036","title":"Inquérito de especialistas sobre o ambiente global da informação 2023","publisher":{"name":"International Panel on the Information Environment","organization":"international-panel-on-the-information-environment"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"pt","date_published":"2023","source_url":"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/643ecb10be528d2c1da863cb/6563aae4134c5c08c079bd4b_SFP2023.2%20-%20PT.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 IPIE expert survey identifies the availability of accurate information and diversity of voices as critical for a healthy information environment. Social media platforms and politicians are cited as the primary threats globally, with specific divergences between autocracies (focused on government control) and democracies (concerned with foreign interference). A majority of experts believe the information environment will worsen in 2024, citing a lack of platform data access as a major research barrier.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Experts identify the availability of accurate information and a diversity of voices as the most critical components of a healthy information environment. Specifically, 66% of experts view correct information as the most important characteristic, and 50% consider the diversity of voices to be fundamental.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms and politicians are regarded as the most significant threats to a healthy global information environment. One-third (33%) of experts across all regime types identified social media platforms as a top threat, while 31% of those studying democracies highlighted politicians.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a distinct difference in perceived threats based on the political regime of the studied country. Experts focusing on autocracies emphasize threats from national governments, state-supported media, and local newspapers, whereas those studying democracies are more concerned with foreign interference.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Concerns regarding misinformation vary by regime: experts studying autocracies are concerned with misinformation regarding gender issues, while those studying democracies are more concerned with misinformation related to the environment and climate science.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Experts identify significant failures in content moderation, primarily attributing these to a lack of accountability for social media companies (66%) and the use of poorly developed AI-driven moderation systems (55%).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The international research community faces a major obstacle in understanding the global information environment due to a lack of access to platform data, a concern shared by 72% of respondents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The outlook for the global information environment is generally pessimistic, with 54% of experts believing the situation in their countries of specialization will deteriorate in 2024, while only 12% expect improvement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ipie-000036#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Switzerland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["expert survey","cross-national analysis"]},{"id":"prio-001425","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001425","title":"Globalization, Women’s Economic Rights and Forced Labor","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2007-02","source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/91c50824-fcc1-4188-8e85-4a40ae41db77/Globalisation Womens Economic Rights and Forced Labour.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The research finds that increased trade openness is associated with better economic rights for women and a lower incidence of forced labor, both in global and developing country samples. In contrast, the level of foreign direct investment (FDI) penetration generally shows no statistically significant impact on these specific labor rights.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001425#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Countries with higher levels of trade openness tend to provide better economic rights to women and exhibit a lower incidence of forced labor. This relationship remains consistent when analyzing a sub-sample of developing countries and when using instrumental variable regression to control for feedback effects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001425#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The extent of an economy's penetration by foreign direct investment (FDI), measured as the ratio of accumulated FDI stocks to GDP, generally has no statistically significant impact on women's economic rights or the incidence of forced labor.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001425#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Women's economic rights are found to be better in countries that are more developed, more democratic, and those where the chief executive belongs to a left-wing party. Conversely, rights are lower in countries with a higher percentage of Muslims.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001425#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The ratification of ILO Conventions 100 and 111 (regarding economic discrimination) generally does not significantly impact actual women's economic rights, although ratification of Convention 111 showed an association with better rights when regional dummy variables were included.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001425#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Regarding forced labor, the results for political regimes were inconsistent across different measures; one measure suggested more democratic countries had a higher incidence of forced labor, but this was not supported by the alternative measure used in the study.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001425#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The study suggests that trade openness may promote the realization of core ILO labor rights, specifically the elimination of forced labor and economic discrimination, even if globalization might otherwise weaken the general bargaining position of labor.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001425#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["Western Europe","Northern America","South Asia","North Africa","Middle East"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["empirical study","cross-national analysis","econometric modeling"]}]}