{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["corporate scoring"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'corporate scoring' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=corporate+scoring","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"reclfin-000611","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/reclfin-000611","title":"Fifty Years of Climate Failure","publisher":{"name":"Reclaim Finance","organization":"reclaim-finance"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-11","source_url":"https://reclaimfinance.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Fifty-years-of-climate-failure.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2023 Scorecard on Insurance, Fossil Fuels and the Climate Emergency finds that while more insurers are adopting coal exit policies, the industry's overall response to the climate crisis remains inadequate. Most insurers continue to underwrite the expansion of oil and gas infrastructure, and many have abandoned net zero commitments due to political pressure in the United States. The report highlights a contradiction where insurers withdraw cover from climate-affected regions while continuing to fund the fossil fuel industry.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000611#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The global insurance industry's response to the climate emergency is deemed totally inadequate, with no assessed insurers fully aligned with the 1.5°C Paris target.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000611#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There has been a modest increase in fossil fuel restrictions: the number of insurance companies with coal exit policies rose from 41 to 45, and those with conventional oil and gas restrictions increased from 14 to 18 between November 2022 and 2023.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000611#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Lloyd's market is identified as the world's largest fossil fuel underwriter, generating an estimated $1.6-2.2 billion in premiums in 2022, representing approximately 9% of the non-captive fossil fuel insurance market.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000611#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Net Zero Insurance Alliance (NZIA) has largely failed, with 20 of its 31 members leaving by September 2023 following threats of anti-trust action from Attorneys General in 23 U.S. states.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000611#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Insurers are exhibiting a contradictory pattern of withdrawing coverage from climate-vulnerable areas while continuing to underwrite fossil fuel expansion; for example, several insurers left California's home insurance market while continuing to insure LNG facilities on the U.S. Gulf Coast.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000611#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gross direct premiums from the fossil fuel industry (excluding captive insurance) increased from $20 billion to $21.25 billion in 2022.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000611#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Coal restrictions are significantly more common and comprehensive than oil and gas restrictions, with the 30 assessed companies averaging 3.8/10 for coal policies compared to 1.4/10 for oil and gas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000611#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"SCOR is the only insurer among those assessed that refuses to invest in any companies with upstream oil and gas expansion plans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000611#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","fossil-fuel divestment","Scope 3","Free, Prior and Informed Consent"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Norway","Australia","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","corporate scoring","market analysis"]},{"id":"reclfin-000503","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/reclfin-000503","title":"2022 SCORECARD ON Insurance, Fossil Fuels and the Climate Emergency","publisher":{"name":"Reclaim Finance","organization":"reclaim-finance"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2022-10","source_url":"https://reclaimfinance.org/site/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/2022.10.19_IoF_Report_2022_Scorecard_Insurance.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2022 Scorecard finds that while insurance for new coal power plants outside China has largely dried up, the industry is only beginning to shift away from oil and gas. Most of the 30 assessed insurers scored poorly on oil and gas policies (1.1/10) compared to coal (3.3/10). The report identifies Allianz as a leader in underwriting policies and SCOR as a leader in divestment, while naming Berkshire Hathaway, Everest Re, PICC, Sinosure, and Starr as laggards. It also criticizes the Net-Zero Insurance Alliance (NZIA) for failing to comply with UN Race to Zero requirements to phase out unabated fossil fuels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000503#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Insurance for new coal power plants outside China has become nearly impossible to obtain, with 41 insurers now having coal exit policies. This represents 39.3% of the primary insurance market and 62.1% of the reinsurance market.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000503#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The transition away from oil and gas is significantly slower than the shift from coal. Only 13 insurers have adopted restrictions on conventional oil and gas, and the average score for oil and gas underwriting policies among the 30 assessed companies was only 1.1 out of 10, compared to 3.3 for coal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000503#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Allianz is ranked as the insurer with the strongest fossil fuel underwriting policies, while SCOR is ranked highest for its fossil fuel divestment policy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000503#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Several major insurers are identified as 'laggards' for taking no steps to restrict underwriting or investments in fossil fuels, specifically Berkshire Hathaway, Everest Re, PICC, Sinosure, and Starr.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000503#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Net-Zero Insurance Alliance (NZIA) has explicitly refused to comply with the UN Race to Zero mandate that members must phase down and out all unabated fossil fuels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000503#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report argues that CEOs have a direct personal influence on company policies, noting that younger CEOs (such as those at AXA, Swiss Re, and Allianz) have driven more progress than older veterans (such as those at Starr and Berkshire Hathaway).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000503#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"AXIS Capital is the first insurer to adopt an explicit policy refusing insurance coverage for projects on indigenous territories without Free Prior Informed Consent (FPIC).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000503#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report highlights specific high-risk projects still receiving or seeking insurance support, including the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) via broker Marsh, the Trans Mountain pipeline expansion in Canada, and oil exploration blocks in the Democratic Republic of Congo.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"reclfin-000503#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil-fuel divestment","carbon neutrality","Paris Agreement","1.5 degree Celsius climate target","climate finance","Free, Prior and Informed Consent","indigenous rights"],"geography_discussed":["People's Republic of China","Brazil","Uganda","Tanzania","Canada","Democratic Republic of the Congo","Australia","Pakistan"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","benchmarking","corporate scoring"]},{"id":"client-000603","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/client-000603","title":"INSURING COAL NO MORE","publisher":{"name":"ClientEarth","organization":"clientearth"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2019-12","source_url":"https://www.clientearth.org/media/mkjatrxk/insuring-coal-no-more-the-2019-scorecard-on-insurance-coal-and-climate-change-coll-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The 2019 Scorecard on Insurance, Coal and Climate Change reveals a growing trend of insurance companies exiting the coal sector. While 17 insurers have limited or ended cover for coal projects—controlling 9.5% of the primary insurance market and 46.4% of the reinsurance market—significant gaps remain. Most policies exclude new projects but continue to cover existing operations. Swiss Re and Zurich are identified as leaders in underwriting, while Legal & General leads in broader climate leadership. Conversely, many US and East Asian insurers are described as 'missing in action,' continuing to provide cover and investment for coal. The report argues that as insurance becomes harder to obtain, coal projects become less bankable, accelerating the industry's demise.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000603#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A significant number of insurance and reinsurance companies are restricting their support for coal, with 17 companies having ended or limited cover for coal projects as of December 2019. These companies represent 9.5% of the primary insurance market and 46.4% of the reinsurance market.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000603#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The retreat of insurers is creating tangible commercial disadvantages for the coal sector by reducing available capacity and increasing insurance rates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000603#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Divestment from coal is widespread among large insurers, with at least 35 companies possessing assets over $10 billion each adopting divestment policies, totaling approximately $8.9 trillion or 37% of global insurance assets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000603#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Swiss Re and Zurich are the top performers in ending coal insurance, as their policies cover both new and existing projects, as well as the companies operating within those sectors.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000603#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a stark geographic divide in climate action; while most European and Australian insurers have adopted exit policies, many major US and East Asian insurers have not taken public steps to end coal cover.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000603#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many existing coal policies contain loopholes, such as excluding new projects while continuing to insure existing operations or excluding stand-alone projects while ignoring insurance packages with high coal content.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000603#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Adani Group's Carmichael coal mine in Australia serves as a critical example of the financial sector's shift, with at least 16 international insurers ruling out the project, contributing to its failure to secure construction insurance by September 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000603#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil-fuel divestment","oil sands","climate finance","Paris Agreement","1.5 degree Celsius climate target","climate change litigation","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":["Europe","United States","Australia","People's Republic of China","Japan","South Korea","Bermuda","Poland","Vietnam"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","corporate scoring"]}]}