{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["consumer polling"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'consumer polling' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=consumer+polling","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"chanmar-000134","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/chanmar-000134","title":"Feeding Us Greenwash","publisher":{"name":"Changing Markets Foundation","organization":"changing-markets-foundation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-03","source_url":"https://changingmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/ES-English-Feeding-Us-Greenwash.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that greenwashing is rampant in the food sector, particularly among high-emission meat and dairy companies. It highlights the use of vague or misleading terms like 'carbon neutral' and 'climate positive' to influence consumer behavior, noting that a significant portion of consumers in the UK and Germany are more likely to purchase products with such labels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000134#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Greenwashing is widespread in the food industry, including on carbon-intensive products like beef. Common misleading claims include 'carbon neutral', 'climate positive', 'net zero', and specific assertions regarding low methane, as well as the use of imagery depicting grazing cows or small family farms.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000134#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major meat and dairy producers with high greenhouse gas emissions are using misleading marketing. JBS was reprimanded for a net zero claim that lacked a credible reduction plan; Nestlé used questionable carbon neutral claims for Nespresso and KitKat; and Danish Crown is facing a lawsuit over 'climate controlled' pork labels. Saputo and Arla are noted for using imagery of grazing cows as a subtle form of greenwashing.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000134#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Amazon's 'Climate Pledge Friendly' range was identified as containing misleading products, including beef jerky. Despite beef jerky being one of the most carbon-intensive foods, it was categorized as climate-friendly because of the removal of air from its packaging.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000134#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenwashing","carbon neutrality","Net-zero emissions","methane emissions","food system"],"geography_discussed":["European Union","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["market research","consumer polling"]},{"id":"chanmar-000152","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/chanmar-000152","title":"Feeding Us Greenwash","publisher":{"name":"Changing Markets Foundation","organization":"changing-markets-foundation"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2023-03","source_url":"https://changingmarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Feeding-us-Greenwash-final.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies widespread greenwashing in the food sector, particularly among major meat and dairy producers. It highlights the use of misleading labels like 'carbon neutral' and 'net zero', the reliance on carbon offsetting over absolute emissions reductions, and the use of idyllic imagery to mask intensive farming practices. Polling in the UK and Germany shows that while consumers are concerned about greenwashing, they are still influenced by these claims in their purchasing decisions. The document calls for stricter government regulation of green claims and a systemic transformation of the food system to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000152#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Greenwashing is pervasive in the food industry, with misleading claims applied even to high-emission products like beef. Common claims include 'carbon neutral', 'climate positive', and 'net zero', as well as the use of imagery depicting grazing cows or small family farms to suggest sustainability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000152#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major meat and dairy companies, including JBS, Marfrig, Nestlé, Danish Crown, Arla, Danone, Saputo, and Fonterra, have been identified as making misleading green claims. For example, JBS was reprimanded for a net-zero claim that lacked a credible emissions reduction plan, and Nestlé has made questionable carbon neutral claims for Nespresso and KitKat.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000152#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Amazon's 'Climate Pledge Friendly' range is cited as a significant example of greenwashing because it includes carbon-intensive products, such as beef jerky, based on minor packaging changes like removing air.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000152#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Many climate labels in the food sector rely on carbon offsetting rather than actual emissions reductions within supply chains. The report notes that these offsets are often poorly regulated and may not represent real climate benefits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000152#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Claims regarding 'low-methane beef' are often based on small-scale, short-term trials that do not reflect the lifetime emissions of the animals, making such marketing misleading.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000152#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of 'natural' or 'artisanal' branding and idyllic imagery of animals in green fields is used to mask the reality of intensive industrial farming, which is the dominant production method for most meat and dairy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000152#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Consumer polling in the UK and Germany indicates that environmental labels significantly influence purchasing behavior and willingness to pay more, despite a general lack of trust in sustainability claims for meat and dairy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"chanmar-000152#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenwashing","carbon neutrality","Net-zero emissions","carbon offset","methane emissions","food system","agroecology","Scope 3"],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom","Germany","European Union","United States","Spain","Italy","Brazil","Sweden"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["market analysis","consumer polling","policy review"]},{"id":"client-000581","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/client-000581","title":"The potential role of fiscal policy","publisher":{"name":"ClientEarth","organization":"clientearth"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2018-04","source_url":"https://www.clientearth.org/media/lmobrxoe/helping-people-and-business-to-move-towards-cleaner-forms-of-transport-the-potential-role-of-fiscal-policy-ext-en.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report argues that the UK's current vehicle taxation system is insufficient to meet legal air quality limits and the 2040 target for banning new internal combustion engine vehicles. It proposes a three-tiered strategy: mandating charging Clean Air Zones in the short term, replacing the plug-in grant with a time-limited VAT rebate for ULEVs in the medium term, and developing a road-user charging system in the long term to replace eroding fuel duty revenues.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000581#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Road transport is the primary source of roadside nitrogen dioxide (NO2), accounting for 80% of these emissions. Passenger cars and vans specifically contribute over 75% of total road transport NOx emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000581#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The UK is failing to meet legal NO2 concentration limits; of the 43 Zones in the UK, only six are compliant with average annual legal limits. Without further action, full compliance is not expected until 2028.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000581#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The current UK tax system is deemed unsustainable because a successful shift to zero-emission vehicles would significantly erode the tax base, particularly fuel duty, which provided close to 5% of government tax receipts in 2016/17.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000581#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To meet short-term NO2 legal limits, the report recommends that the Government mandate charging Clean Air Zones by 2020 in all areas exceeding legal limits, supported by targeted scrappage and retrofitting schemes for low-income users and small businesses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000581#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report proposes replacing the plug-in car grant with a time-limited VAT rebate: 100% for zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) and 50% for other ULEVs (such as PHEVs), as polling suggests the current grant is insufficiently generous and poorly understood.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000581#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To ensure the VAT rebate is revenue neutral, the report suggests a small annual levy (approximately £25) on all non-ULEVs in the UK or a 2.5% levy on the purchase price of new non-ULEV vehicles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000581#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In the long term, the report argues that a road-user charging system is inevitable to replace lost fuel duty revenue and suggests establishing a competitive prize fund for Combined Authorities to pilot such schemes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000581#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"International comparisons show Norway as the most successful in ULEV uptake, largely due to exempting fully-electric cars from vehicle purchase tax and VAT, which can represent up to 50% of a car's price.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"client-000581#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fiscal policy","zero-emissions vehicle","battery electric vehicle","particulates","carbon dioxide","electric vehicle charging network"],"geography_discussed":["Norway","Netherlands","Germany","India","Scotland"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","economic modelling","consumer polling"]}]}