{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["conceptual guide"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'conceptual guide' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":3,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=conceptual+guide","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"wri-000119","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/wri-000119","title":"How to De-risk Low-carbon Investments","publisher":{"name":"World Resources Institute","organization":"world-resources-institute"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":"2022-07-22","source_url":"https://www.wri.org/insights/de-risking-low-carbon-investments","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document addresses the investment gap for climate-smart infrastructure in developing countries, where high perceived risks lead to high risk premiums and non-bankable projects. It defines de-risking as the reallocation or reduction of risk through policy measures (establishing rules and mandates) and financial measures (using public capital to bear risk). Three examples illustrate these mechanisms: the Green Climate Fund's anchor equity in Chile's Espejo de Tarapacá project, the Africa Energy Guarantee Facility's multi-layered insurance chain, and Climate Investor Two's tiered tranche structure. The guide concludes that while not applicable to all projects, strategic de-risking leverages small amounts of public capital to mobilize large-scale private investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000119#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a significant gap between the demand for and supply of investment for clean energy in developing countries; annual investment needs to increase more than sevenfold, from under $150 billion in 2020 to $1 trillion by 2030, excluding adaptation costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000119#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Private investors often avoid climate-smart infrastructure in developing countries due to high risk premiums driven by perceived risks, including political instability, contradictory regulatory frameworks, fragmented capital markets with currency fluctuations, and technology-specific risks such as underperformance or lack of local expertise.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000119#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"De-risking is categorized into policy de-risking, which uses laws and mandates to establish stable rules, and financial de-risking, where public entities use debt, equity, or guarantees to share or transfer risk to encourage private investment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000119#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Espejo de Tarapacá project in Chile, combining a 300-megawatt pumped-storage hydroelectric plant and a 561-megawatt photovoltaic solar plant, used $60 million in direct equity from the Green Climate Fund as 'anchor' investment to signal quality and attract an expected $1 billion in private sector funding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000119#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Africa Energy Guarantee Facility (AEGF) employs a chain of risk-sharing involving primary insurers (like ATI), a reinsurer (Munich RE), and guarantees from the European Investment Bank and KfW to facilitate approximately $1.4 billion in private investment for energy projects in Africa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000119#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate Investor Two (CI2) utilizes a tiered tranche structure for its Construction Equity Fund to attract different investor types: Tier 1 (public donors) provides a first-loss buffer, Tier 2 (commercial/DFIs) is de-risked by Tier 1, and Tier 3 (institutional investors) receives guaranteed returns as senior equity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"wri-000119#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate finance","renewable energy","photovoltaics","energy efficiency","climate change adaptation","climate resilience","multilateral development bank"],"geography_discussed":["Chile","Africa","Thailand","Kenya","Latin America"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["conceptual guide","case study analysis"]},{"id":"ucs-000112","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ucs-000112","title":"Understanding Scientific Terms About Climate Change","publisher":{"name":"Union of Concerned Scientists","organization":"union-of-concerned-scientists"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":"2010-03-19","source_url":"https://www.ucs.org/resources/understanding-scientific-terms-about-climate-change","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document clarifies that in science, uncertainty refers to the degree to which something is known rather than a complete lack of knowledge. It explains that climate scientists use specific probabilistic language—such as 'very likely' to denote a greater than 90 percent chance—to inform public policy and decision-making. While certain facts are established without uncertainty, such as the role of fossil fuels and the greenhouse effect in warming the Earth, uncertainties remain regarding the exact magnitude of future warming and the timing of specific ecological losses, often depending on future human actions to reduce emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000112#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In a scientific context, uncertainty is not defined as 'not knowing' but rather as a measure of 'how well something is known.' Scientists explicitly state levels of uncertainty to maintain transparency and prevent decision-makers from making critical errors, such as underestimating the height of a levee.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000112#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Climate scientists use standardized language to communicate probability: a 'very likely' outcome indicates a probability greater than 90 percent, and 'very high confidence' indicates at least a 9 out of 10 chance of being correct.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000112#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is no scientific uncertainty regarding the fact that burning fossil fuels and clearing forests release carbon dioxide, that greenhouse gases trap heat via the greenhouse effect, and that the Earth is warming because these gases are released faster than natural processes can absorb them.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000112#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Scientists have very high confidence that human-induced warming is affecting biological and physical systems globally, causing sea levels to rise, glaciers and permafrost to shrink, oceans to acidify, and plant and animal ranges to shift.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000112#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Significant uncertainties remain regarding the exact amount of future global warming—estimated between 2.1 and 11 degrees Fahrenheit by 2100—and the timing of the disappearance of the ringed seal's summer sea ice habitat, with much of this uncertainty depending on human choices regarding emissions in the coming decade.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ucs-000112#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","carbon dioxide","fossil fuel","deforestation","sea level rise","glacier retreat","ocean acidification","climate modeling","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["conceptual guide"]},{"id":"iisd-001079","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001079","title":"Fisheries Subsidies Negotiations: Basic Concepts","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"guide","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/Basic%20concepts.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document defines key maritime zones under UNCLOS, the roles of different states in fisheries management, and technical terms related to overcapacity, overfishing, and Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY). It also highlights the impact of different types of fisheries subsidies on stock sustainability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001079#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Maritime jurisdictions are divided into three primary zones: the territorial sea (up to 12 nautical miles from the baseline), the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ, up to 200 nautical miles), and areas beyond national jurisdiction, also known as the High Seas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001079#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Fisheries management involves multiple state roles: the coastal state (jurisdiction of the EEZ), the flag state (vessel registration and administration), the port state (control of port access), and the subsidising state (provider of financial support).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001079#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document distinguishes between overcapacity (where fishing capacity exceeds the level needed to sustainably capture the desired catch), overfishing (where the amount of fish caught is higher than the sustainable level), and overfished stocks (where biomass is too low).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001079#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is the standard for determining if overfishing is occurring (via Fmsy) or if a stock is overfished (via Bmsy), though some WTO members suggest alternative reference points due to the high data requirements of MSY.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001079#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"According to OECD data, subsidies designed to reduce the cost of fuel and other variable inputs, such as gear or bait, are the most likely to lead to overfishing and are the least effective at supporting fishers' income.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001079#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biomass"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["conceptual guide"]}]}