{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["climate impact evaluation"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'climate impact evaluation' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":1,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=climate+impact+evaluation","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iisd-003338","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003338","title":"Pipelines or Progress: Government support for oil and gas pipelines in Canada","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2021-07","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/2021-07/oil-gas-pipelines-green-recovery-canada.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that Canadian governments provided over CAD 23 billion in support for oil and gas pipelines between 2018 and 2020, with over CAD 10 billion provided after the onset of COVID-19. This support, which includes loans, loan guarantees, and equity investments, is argued to undermine Canada's climate commitments and expose taxpayers to significant financial risk due to cost overruns, legal challenges, and declining private sector interest in fossil fuel infrastructure.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003338#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between 2018 and 2020, the federal and provincial governments of Canada provided at least CAD 23.377 billion in quantifiable support for three pipeline projects. Of this total, over CAD 11 billion consists of loans and at least CAD 10 billion consists of loan guarantees or liabilities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003338#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant portion of pipeline support was deployed as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, totaling over CAD 10 billion. This includes CAD 7.5 billion from the Government of Alberta for Keystone XL and a CAD 500 million federal loan for Coastal GasLink.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003338#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Trans Mountain Pipeline and Expansion represents the largest example of government support. The federal government purchased the project for CAD 4.5 billion in 2018, despite an internal estimate of CAD 3.85 billion, and has provided at least CAD 11.3 billion in loans through Export Development Canada (EDC).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003338#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Government support for pipelines is often used to de-risk projects that the private sector avoids. For example, the Government of Alberta provided CAD 1.5 billion in equity and CAD 6 billion in loan guarantees for Keystone XL, which the report suggests was necessary to induce a final investment decision before the U.S. presidential election.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003338#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report argues that government support for pipelines undermines Canada's international commitments to the G7 and G20 to phase out inefficient fossil fuel subsidies. Many of the identified measures contain subsidy elements under World Trade Organization (WTO) definitions, though precise quantification is hindered by low government transparency, particularly regarding EDC.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003338#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Pipeline projects in Canada face high financial risks, including construction cost overruns and legal delays. Trans Mountain's construction costs rose from an estimate of CAD 7.4 billion to CAD 12.6 billion, and the project has faced numerous legal challenges from First Nations and the Government of British Columbia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003338#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a risk that the federal government will not recoup its investment in Trans Mountain because current toll rates are based on a valuation of assets (CAD 967.8 million) that is significantly lower than the purchase price paid by the government.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003338#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Government support for fossil fuel infrastructure is viewed as incongruent with Canada's climate targets, including the goal to reach net-zero by 2050 and a 2030 emissions reduction target of 40%–45%. The report notes that the IEA states new government investments in fossil fuel production are incompatible with a net-zero economy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003338#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel subsidy","public finance","climate finance","green recovery","carbon dioxide emissions","just transition"],"geography_discussed":["Alberta","British Columbia","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["financial analysis","policy assessment","climate impact evaluation"]}]}