{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["amicus curiae brief"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'amicus curiae brief' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=amicus+curiae+brief","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"ciel-000250","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ciel-000250","title":"Solicitud conjunta de autorización de la Sociedad Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera Puerto Chale S.C.L. y del Center for International Environmental Law para proceder como amicus curiae en el caso de arbitraje Odyssey Marine Exploration, Inc. c. los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (Caso CIADI No. UNCT/20/1)","publisher":{"name":"Center for International Environmental Law","organization":"center-for-international-environmental-law"},"document_type":"legal commentary","language":"es","date_published":"2021-10-12","source_url":"https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Amicus-Curiae-solicitud-de-autorización-y-escrito-de-CIEL-y-la-Cooperativa-Puerto-Chale.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The amicus curiae brief argues that the Mexican state was obligated to deny the environmental permit for the Don Diego project due to severe risks to the marine ecosystem of the Golfo de Ulloa and the human rights of local fishing communities. The authors contend that the project, which involves dredging 91,000 hectares of the seabed to extract 7 million tons of phosphate rock annually, would cause irreversible biodiversity loss and contaminate the area with radioactive elements like uranium and thorium. They assert that the precautionary principle and international treaties—including the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the American Convention on Human Rights—mandate the protection of the environment and the right to work and health for the 128 families of the Puerto Chale Cooperative and other regional residents.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The Don Diego project involves dredging 91,000 hectares of the seabed in the Golfo de Ulloa to extract 7 million tons of phosphate rock and sand annually over a 50-year period, operating 24 hours a day, seven days a week.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project area overlaps with a designated fishing refuge zone and the specific fishing concession of the Sociedad Cooperativa de Producción Pesquera Puerto Chale S.C.L., which is valid until 2035.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Seabed mining for phosphate poses a risk of radioactive contamination from elements such as uranium and thorium, which could enter the air and marine ecosystem, threatening human health through inhalation or consumption of contaminated fish.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project threatens critical marine biodiversity, including species under special protection or endangered, such as Humpback, Bryde's, and Gray whales, as well as the loggerhead sea turtle.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors argue that the precautionary principle requires states to take preventive measures when there is scientific uncertainty regarding grave or irreversible environmental damage, and that this principle justifies Mexico's denial of the permit.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project would violate the human rights of the Golfo de Ulloa residents, specifically the right to work, the right to participate in cultural life (as fishing is a traditional way of life), and the right to health and a healthy environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The brief highlights a global trend of caution regarding seabed mining, noting that countries like New Zealand and Australia have implemented moratoria or total prohibitions due to environmental uncertainty.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The IUCN World Conservation Congress approved a motion on September 8, 2021, calling for a moratorium on seabed mining, a move supported by 81 governments, including Mexico.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000250#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["human rights","food security"],"geography_discussed":["New Zealand","Australia","Namibia","Pacific Islands"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["legal commentary","amicus curiae brief"]},{"id":"ciel-000351","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/ciel-000351","title":"Amicus Curiae Brief","publisher":{"name":"Center for International Environmental Law","organization":"center-for-international-environmental-law"},"document_type":"legal commentary","language":"en","date_published":"2017-01-18","source_url":"https://www.ciel.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/CIEL-VLS-Amicus-brief-to-IACtHRs-18-JAN-2017.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The brief provides legal analysis to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights regarding Colombia's request for an advisory opinion on the impact of large-scale projects on the marine environment, specifically in the Greater Caribbean Region. It asserts that state jurisdiction extends to acts or omissions with foreseeable extraterritorial effects and advocates for the 'principle of systemic integration' to align human rights protections with international environmental standards.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000351#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"State Parties to the American Convention on Human Rights are obligated to exercise due diligence to ensure their acts and omissions do not cause environmental harm that violates the human rights of people outside their own borders.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000351#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extraterritorial human rights obligations are triggered in three specific situations: when a state exercises authority or effective control, when its acts or omissions have foreseeable effects on rights, or when the state can exercise decisive influence to realize rights extraterritorially.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000351#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'principle of systemic integration', codified in Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, allows for the interpretation of human rights obligations by referencing the broader normative environment of international environmental law.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000351#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Customary international law establishes a binding obligation for states to prevent significant transboundary environmental harm, a principle reinforced by the 1972 Stockholm Declaration and the 1992 Rio Declaration.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000351#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a customary international law requirement for states to conduct an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) when a proposed activity risks significant adverse transboundary impacts, particularly on shared resources.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000351#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A state's failure to perform an adequate EIA for an activity with significant adverse transboundary effects constitutes a breach of international environmental law; if this harm impairs human rights, it establishes state responsibility for those human rights violations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000351#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"International environmental standards and multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs) can serve as benchmarks to determine the normative content of the right to life and as indicators for the progressive realization of the right to a healthy environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"ciel-000351#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["environmental impact assessment","climate change"],"geography_discussed":["World"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["legal commentary","amicus curiae brief"]}]}