{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["Technical Standard Setting"]},"warnings":[{"code":"facet_value_not_in_vocabulary","message":"Value 'Technical Standard Setting' for facet 'analysis_type' is not in the controlled vocabulary."}]},"total":{"value":2,"relation":"eq"},"page":1,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=Technical+Standard+Setting","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"cer-000174","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-000174","title":"2014-05-30-fa23-sabs-co-ordinators-report-19-11-2008-3d78c2be955cdda8.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/2014-05-30-FA23-SABS-Co-Ordinators-Report-19-11-2008.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This coordinator's report documents a meeting held on 18 November 2008 at the Eskom Research Centre regarding the SABS SC 146 A Quality Standard for Source Emissions. The meeting involved discussions between the Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT), industry representatives (including Eskom, Sasol, and the RMEF), and the Legal Resources Centre (LRC) to negotiate minimum emission standards for various industrial installations, including solid/liquid fuel combustion, petroleum industry processes, and carbonisation/coking plants.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000174#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Industry representatives argued that the DEAT's proposed three-year timeframe for existing plants to meet emission standards is unrealistic due to capital expenditure (CAPEX) processes and engineering requirements. They requested that each sector provide typical project timeframes to DEAT, though this approach was opposed by CAIA.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000174#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"For solid and liquid fuels combustion installations, the group agreed to particulate matter (PM) standards of 50 mg/Nm³ for new installations and 75 mg/Nm³ for existing facilities. This followed discussions where Eskom noted that emissions are not visible below 50 mg/Nm³ and equipment suppliers generally do not guarantee levels below this threshold.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000174#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Regarding sulfur dioxide (SO₂) for combustion installations, a standard of 500 mg/Nm³ was accepted for new plants, while a standard of 4000 mg/Nm³ was accepted for existing plants. The group noted that SO₂ reduction via Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) is dependent on the availability of water, limestone, and space.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000174#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"For nitrogen oxides (NOx) in combustion installations, the group accepted a minimum standard of 1700 mg/Nm³ for existing plants and 750 mg/Nm³ for new plants. Eskom argued that the previously proposed 800 mg/Nm³ for existing plants was inconsistent with actual measured emissions and that retrofitting would exceed scheduled outage windows.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000174#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"In the petroleum industry sector, the RMEF proposed that particulate matter standards for existing plants be kept at 120 mg/Nm³, arguing that a lower limit of 100 mg/Nm³ suggested by the LRC is not economically justifiable. The RMEF also supported a 'bubble approach' for SO₂ emissions for existing plants, though the specific size and limits of this bubble remained subject to further submission.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000174#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["air quality","emission standards","industrial pollution","energy transition"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["Policy Negotiation","Technical Standard Setting"]},{"id":"cer-000178","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/cer-000178","title":"2014-05-30-fa27-unresolved-matters-for-wg2-b2f71f4b9934e3eb.pdf","publisher":{"name":"Centre for Environmental Rights","organization":"centre-for-environmental-rights"},"document_type":"briefing","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cer.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/2014-05-30-FA27-Unresolved-matters-for-WG2.pdf?x21779","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This briefing document details the proceedings of a technical working group meeting on April 28, 2009, regarding unresolved air quality emission standards for various industrial categories. It records disputes and agreements between government representatives (DEAT, DEADP), industry bodies (SAISI, RMEF, FAPA, ACMP), and NGOs (LRC, Groundwork) over specific pollutant limits for NOx, SO2, particulate matter (PM), and heavy metals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000178#summary","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is significant disagreement regarding NOx emission limits for existing plants across multiple categories. For category C4.2, the LRC proposed 1200 mg/Nm3 while SAISI proposed 2000 mg/Nm3. In category C1.2, SAISI suggested a limit of 500 mg/Nm3 for existing plants, with the LRC reserving comment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000178#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The RMEF and LRC disagree on the use of a 'bubble' approach for SO2 emissions in existing facilities. The RMEF proposed a bubble of 2.2 kg SO2/ton crude, whereas the LRC proposed 0.63 kg SO2/ton (monthly average) crude. DEAT expressed discomfort with the bubble approach, preferring to regulate each point source separately.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000178#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Eskom requested an increase in the particulate matter (PM) limit for existing plants in category C1.1 to 100 mg/Nm3, stating that electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) cannot meet a 75 mg/m3 limit. This request specifically concerns return-to-service plants in the Highveld priority area, namely Grootvlei and Komati.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000178#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"For the cement industry (C5.3), the ACMP proposed a PM (kiln) limit of 150 mg/Nm3, which was accepted except for urban plants. For urban plants, the LRC proposed a stricter limit of 50 mg/Nm3, later revised to 100 mg/Nm3 on January 13.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000178#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"The working group agreed on specific VOC emission limits for treatment processes: 40 g/Nm3 for non-thermal treatment and 150 mg/Nm3 for thermal treatment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000178#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"Monitoring and reporting requirements were established, including the agreement that continuous emission monitoring (CEM) systems must be maintained to provide at least 80% of valid hourly average values during the reporting period.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000178#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-08-17"},{"text":"A dispute exists regarding the use of waste as fuel in clamp kilns (C5.2). The CBA objects to the prohibition of waste as fuel, noting that typical wastes are natural biomass. The LRC argues that waste should be prohibited unless incinerator standards can be met.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"cer-000178#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-08-17"}],"climate_tags":["air quality","industrial emissions","energy transition","pollution control"],"geography_discussed":["Highveld","Johannesburg","Gqeberha"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["Policy Discussion","Technical Standard Setting"]}]}