{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["Systematic Review"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":69,"relation":"eq"},"page":4,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=Systematic+Review&page=4","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"sei-000232","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000232","title":"Effect of prescribed burning on temperate and boreal forest biodiversity: a systematic review","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2018-08-30","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/effect-prescribed-burning-temperate-boreal-forest-biodiversity-systematic-review/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A systematic review of 244 studies on prescribed burning in temperate and boreal forests found significant positive effects on vascular plant richness and herbaceous plant richness in broadleaf forests, though outcomes remain difficult to predict and may harm conservation-dependent taxa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000232#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The review's quantitative synthesis, based on 82 studies and 219 comparisons, found that prescribed burning significantly increased the richness of vascular plants, non-native vascular plants, and herbaceous plants specifically within broadleaf forests.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000232#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The effect of burning on herbaceous plant richness is significantly influenced by the climate zone, the type of forest, and the amount of time that has passed since the burn occurred.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000232#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors caution that prescribed burning can negatively impact taxa that depend on conservation and note that outcomes are hard to predict, necessitating careful planning and monitoring for restoration projects.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000232#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Canada","Europe","Australia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review","meta-analysis"]},{"id":"iisd-001311","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-001311","title":"Effective Public Investments to Improve Food Security","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"policy brief","language":"en","date_published":"2017-12","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/effective-public-investments-improve-food-security.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document reviews 87 cases of agricultural interventions, finding that nearly 70% had a positive impact on food security. It emphasizes that success depends more on local context and implementation—such as addressing wealth inequality and combining interventions—than on the specific type of investment. Key analyzed areas include input subsidies, value chain development, and extension services, with recommendations for using direct food security indicators and rigorous baseline assessments in future planning.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001311#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A systematic review of 87 agricultural interventions in low-income and lower-middle-income countries showed that approximately 69% had a positive impact on food security, 24% had no measurable impact, and 7% had a negative impact.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001311#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The effectiveness of agricultural interventions is driven more by the specific implementation context and local conditions than by the type of intervention used. Failures are often linked to a lack of consideration for gender inequality, wealth inequity, and broader community challenges.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001311#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Input subsidies are most effective when farmers already possess productive assets like land, machinery, and irrigation. While they can increase yields and income, they may have mixed effects on food security if farmers lack storage capacity or if equity effects offset overall yield gains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001311#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Combining input subsidies with other supports, such as cash transfers for the poorest households or extension services, improves outcomes. Extension services can provide long-term benefits by teaching farmers techniques that do not rely on external inputs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001311#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Value chain interventions generally increase food availability and quality, particularly when focusing on diverse locally consumed crops, but they primarily benefit those who already have access to productive assets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001311#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Extension services showed no negative impacts in the studied sample and were most successful when they employed collaborative approaches, directly addressed food security, and considered community challenges like credit access.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001311#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2) would require an average additional public spending of USD 11 billion per year between 2015 and 2030, with USD 4 billion from donors and USD 7 billion from poor countries.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-001311#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","agricultural subsidy","climate finance","poverty reduction"],"geography_discussed":["Malawi","India","Indonesia","Bangladesh","Zambia","Uganda","Kenya","Tanzania"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review","policy brief"]},{"id":"iisd-002719","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-002719","title":"COSTS OF POLLUTION IN CANADA","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2017-06","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/costs-of-pollution-in-canada.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report finds that pollution imposes very significant costs on Canadian families, businesses, and governments, with direct welfare costs alone estimated at $39 billion in 2015. It highlights substantial data gaps regarding persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and climate change, while detailing specific impacts such as urban smog, algal blooms in Lake Erie, and the long-term liabilities of contaminated sites and nuclear legacy wastes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The direct welfare costs of pollution in Canada were estimated at $39 billion in 2015, which equates to at least $4,300 for a family of four, or approximately 3 per cent of household income.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The largest known direct welfare cost is attributed to criteria air pollutants, specifically fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ground-level ozone, with an estimated cost of $36 billion in 2015 (range: $26 billion to $47.5 billion).","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Measurable income costs of pollution amounted to $3.3 billion in 2015, though full income costs are likely in the tens of billions of dollars, potentially reaching 3 per cent of the combined net income of households, businesses, and governments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Health care-related costs due to PM2.5 and ground-level ozone were estimated at at least $2 billion in 2015, while lost labour output for the same pollutants was at least $800 million.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Algal blooms in Lake Erie caused significant wealth losses, reducing the lake's value as an ecosystem asset by $3.8 billion and as a market asset by $4 billion, while reducing residential property values along the shoreline by $712 million.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The federal government recognized $5.8 billion in liabilities for contaminated site cleanup in 2015, with provincial governments recognizing an additional $6.4 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Average annual expenditures on federal contaminated sites were $283 million between 2005/06 and 2014/15, with costs expected to rise as sites move into the remediation stage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Atomic Energy of Canada Limited planned average annual spending of $121 million until the year 2164 for the management of low-level nuclear legacy wastes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The direct welfare cost of premature deaths from climate change-related heat waves was estimated at $1.6 billion in 2015.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Ground-level ozone caused an estimated $96 million in losses due to reduced agricultural yields in 2015.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-10","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The cost of reduced visibility in Canada due to particulate matter and ground-level ozone was estimated at $438 million in 2015.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-11","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies critical data gaps for several pollutants, noting that the costs of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) possibly run into tens of billions of dollars in Canada.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-12","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Road salt use in Canada is estimated to cause significant infrastructure damage; an upper estimate for increased road maintenance costs in 2015 was $11 billion, though the reliability of this figure is considered very low.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-13","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The value of Canada's fossil fuel assets dropped by 95 per cent from a peak of $1.1 trillion in 2008 to $56 billion in 2015, a loss of wealth that could be permanent if oil prices do not recover due to the global shift toward renewables.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-002719#insight-14","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["greenhouse gas emissions","climate change","extreme weather event","renewable energy","pesticide","water pollution"],"geography_discussed":["Lake Erie","Ontario","Quebec","British Columbia","Manitoba","Port Hope"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["economic assessment","systematic review","impact pathway analysis"]},{"id":"sei-000965","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000965","title":"Bioenergy production and sustainable development","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2016-01-14","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/bioenergy-production-sustainable-development/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A systematic review of scientific literature on bioenergy production and sustainable development reveals a limited evidence base for policy-making, with research concentrated in a few countries and focused primarily on agricultural biomass plantations. While economic and technological impacts are often reported as positive, social and environmental impacts tend to be negative, except for the direct substitution of greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000965#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The scientific evidence base for bioenergy policy-making is limited, as research is concentrated in a small number of countries, focuses mainly on environmental and economic impacts, and primarily examines dedicated agricultural biomass plantations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000965#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Research on bioenergy production shows divergent impact patterns: economic and technological effects are more frequently positive, whereas social and environmental effects are more frequently negative, although the latter excludes the positive impact of substituting fossil fuel GHG emissions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000965#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A general understanding of impact attribution is hindered by wide variations in study scope and methodology, as well as a lack of sufficient reporting on baseline conditions and context in most studies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000965#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["sustainable development","climate change mitigation","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review"]},{"id":"sei-000970","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-000970","title":"Solution scanning as a key policy tool: identifying management interventions to help maintain and enhance regulating ecosystem services","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2014-05-14","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/solution-scanning-as-a-key-policy-tool-identifying-management-interventions-to-help-maintain-and-enhance-regulating-ecosystem-services/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The authors propose 'solution scanning' to provide policy-makers with a comprehensive, verified list of environmental interventions. Through a systematic consultation, they identified 296 possible interventions across various regulating services, noting that those reducing soil loss and maintaining forest cover often provide multiple benefits.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000970#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The authors identified a candidate list of 296 possible interventions targeting nine main regulating services: air quality regulation, climate regulation, water flow regulation, erosion regulation, water purification and waste treatment, disease regulation, pest regulation, pollination, and natural hazard regulation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000970#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Certain interventions can provide benefits across multiple regulating services, with a particular emphasis on those that maintain forest cover and reduce soil loss.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000970#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Solution scanning is presented as a critical foundation for assessing cost effectiveness, guiding implementation strategies, and questioning existing knowledge, leading the authors to recommend its routine use in all environmental policy decision-making.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-000970#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["environmental policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["methodological proposal","systematic review"]},{"id":"sei-002032","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/sei-002032","title":"Community resilience to natural hazards and climate change impacts: a review of definitions and operational frameworks","publisher":{"name":"Stockholm Environment Institute","organization":"stockholm-environment-institute"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2011-11-30","source_url":"https://www.sei.org/publications/community-resilience-to-natural-hazards-and-climate-change-impacts-a-review-of-definitions-and-operational-frameworks/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The paper argues that effective disaster resilience frameworks must integrate sustainable development, disaster risk reduction, and community engagement, while treating resilience building as a process rather than just a set of outcomes to allow for monitoring and evaluation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002032#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The authors argue that for a disaster resilience framework to be comprehensive and effective, it must integrate three core components: community engagement, disaster risk reduction, and fundamental elements of sustainable development.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002032#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The paper asserts that resilience frameworks should move beyond defining specific outcomes to describing the actual process of identifying initial resilience status and establishing goals, which is necessary for the monitoring and evaluation of progress.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"sei-002032#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","disaster risk reduction","sustainable development","community engagement","natural disaster"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review"]},{"id":"commgmu-000087","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/commgmu-000087","title":"The Polls-Trends: Twenty Years of Public Opinion about Global Warming","publisher":{"name":"Center for Climate Change Communication","organization":"center-for-climate-change-communication"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2007-08-30","source_url":"https://climatecommunication.gmu.edu/all/twenty-years-of-public-opinion-about-global-warming/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"This research paper synthesizes data from hundreds of polling questions across more than 70 surveys to identify long-term trends in public opinion on global warming. The review focuses on six dimensions: public awareness, understanding of causes and policy, perceptions of scientific certainty and expert agreement, concern over impacts, support for policy action relative to economic costs, and support for the Kyoto climate treaty.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000087#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The authors conducted a systematic review of public opinion trends by analyzing hundreds of polling questions from more than 70 surveys administered over the previous 20 years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000087#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The analysis of public opinion is structured around six key dimensions: awareness of global warming, understanding of its causes and policy debates, perceptions of scientific certainty and expert consensus, concern regarding impacts, support for policy action versus economic costs, and support for the Kyoto climate treaty.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"commgmu-000087#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","Kyoto Protocol","climate policy"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review"]},{"id":"iisd-000311","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-000311","title":"Addressing Loss and Damage","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/publications/report/addressing-loss-and-damage-naps","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines how National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) are used by developing countries to identify, communicate, and minimize loss and damage, noting that nearly half of these plans explicitly reference the concept.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000311#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Nearly half of the National Adaptation Plans from developing countries explicitly mention the concept of loss and damage.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000311#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"NAPs frequently incorporate disaster risk management and reduction as concrete actions to minimize losses and damages, with 95% of plans mentioning these elements.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000311#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The NAP process is viewed as a fundamental tool for minimizing loss and damage because it provides country-specific analysis, clarifies the link between adaptation and disaster risk management, and outlines specific actions to reduce losses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-000311#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["loss and damage","national adaptation plan","disaster risk reduction","climate change adaptation"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review"]},{"id":"prio-001333","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/prio-001333","title":"Does Education Lead to Pacification?","publisher":{"name":"Peace Research Institute Oslo","organization":"peace-research-institute-oslo"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://cdn.cloud.prio.org/files/a0f47a15-035f-4348-8a43-b70b2139a2dd/Does Education Lead to Pacification A Systematic Review of Statistical Studies on Education and Political Violence.pdf?inline=true","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The review finds a general scholarly consensus that higher levels of education have a pacifying effect on civil conflict, though this relationship is complex and varies by the type of violence. While low education is often linked to recruitment in civil wars, higher education levels are frequently observed among terrorists and genocide perpetrators. The authors highlight that inter-group educational inequalities—particularly along ethnic and religious lines—significantly increase conflict risks, whereas rapid expansions in tertiary education do not appear to drive destabilization. The document concludes that while education generally promotes peace, its impact is mediated by factors such as regime type, gender equality, and the specific nature of the political violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001333#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"There is a broad empirical consensus that higher average levels of education in a population generally reduce the risk of armed conflict.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001333#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Secondary education, particularly for males, is identified as one of the most effective indicators for reducing conflict risk.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001333#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Systematic educational inequalities between identity groups, such as ethnic or religious groups, are strongly associated with increased risks of political violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001333#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Contrary to some theoretical concerns, the rapid expansion of tertiary (higher) education does not generally lead to increased civil conflict, riots, or urban violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001333#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Micro-level evidence suggests a divergence in recruitment patterns: low education is linked to civil war combatants, while higher education is often found among terrorists and genocide perpetrators.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001333#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Gender equality in education is linked to lower levels of intrastate armed conflict.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001333#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The pacifying effect of education may be mediated by the political regime, with some evidence suggesting it is more effective in democracies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001333#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a significant lack of quantitative data and research regarding the impact of educational quality and curricular content on political violence.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"prio-001333#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":[],"geography_discussed":["sub-Saharan Africa","Indonesia","Palestine","Pakistan","Colombia","Sierra Leone","Rwanda","India","Middle East","North Africa","Europe","Latin America","Nigeria","Liberia","Nepal"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["systematic review","quantitative analysis","meta-analysis"]}]}