{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"analysis_type":["Expert Interviews"]},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":24,"relation":"eq"},"page":2,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?analysis_type=Expert+Interviews&page=2","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"iisd-003432","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003432","title":"The Role of Sustainable Development Indicators in Corporate Decision-making","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":"2009-08","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/role_of_sustainability_indicators.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The research finds that while sustainable development indicators are widely reported in corporate documents, their actual integration into decision-making processes remains limited. At the Board level, indicators are primarily used for risk management, such as health and safety. In corporate strategic management, senior executives have access to indicators—sometimes via Balanced Scorecards—but concrete examples of their use in guiding decisions are scarce. Supply chain management is in an \"embryonic stage,\" relying more on codes of conduct and certifications than quantitative indicators. The author recommends further research into Board accountability, the development of context-specific supply chain metrics, and the integration of sustainability targets into individual performance appraisals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003432#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"At the Board level, corporations are increasingly establishing dedicated committees to manage sustainable development, but there is a lack of evidence showing how specific indicators inform Board-level decisions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003432#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Board-level use of sustainable development indicators is largely restricted to risk management, with health and safety metrics being the most regularly reviewed.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003432#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In corporate strategic management, senior management generally has access to sustainability indicators, often through the use of Balanced Scorecards or quarterly reviews, though their specific role in guiding decisions is not well-documented.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003432#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The use of sustainable development indicators in supply chain management is in its early stages, with companies relying more on qualitative tools like codes of conduct and green procurement policies than on quantitative indicators.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003432#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A review of 17 Canadian corporate reports showed that while most include performance measures, only 35% clearly report progress against explicit targets for the indicators highlighted in their tables or figures.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003432#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["risk management","greenhouse gas emissions"],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom","Australia","Sweden"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["literature review","document analysis","expert interviews"]},{"id":"iisd-003246","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iisd-003246","title":"INVENTORY OF ECOSYSTEM INDICATORS IN CANADA’S NORTH FOR THE NORTHERN ECOSYSTEM INITIATIVE","publisher":{"name":"International Institute for Sustainable Development","organization":"international-institute-for-sustainable-development"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":"2005-03","source_url":"https://www.iisd.org/system/files/publications/measure_nei.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies over 330 ecosystem indicators across 22 initiatives in Canada's North, highlighting a significant gap between the abundance of individual research projects and the lack of coherent, systemic indicator frameworks. It argues for a more holistic interpretation of ecosystems that includes human community health and external stressors like climate change, while emphasizing the need for data aggregation, international standardization, and meaningful community involvement to make monitoring scientifically and managerially relevant.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003246#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The inventory identified 22 ecosystem indicator initiatives and over 330 individual ecosystem indicators as of February 7, 2005.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003246#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a critical lack of coherence and systemic depth in northern monitoring; most projects are driven by specific issues or environmental media rather than broad indicator frameworks, making it difficult to aggregate data for reporting on the state of the environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003246#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report concludes that existing monitoring programs and institutional arrangements are only partially adequate to meet the Northern Ecosystem Initiative's goals of supporting ecosystem sustainability, mobilizing partners for sustainable development, and building community capacity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003246#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant gap exists in the form of a comprehensive 'state of the environment (SOE) report' for the North, which is necessary to identify critical driving forces, pressures, impacts, and responses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003246#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Experts suggest adopting a broader, holistic interpretation of ecosystems that includes human community health and external stressors—such as climate change, toxic pollution, and social stressors—rather than a narrow nature-focused definition.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003246#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Scientific monitoring in the North is hindered by patchy historical data, low measurement density due to high costs, and a lack of institutionalized structures, often relying on individual commitments rather than formal mandates.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003246#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a noted disconnect between scientific monitoring goals and policy-making needs; monitoring is often designed for scientific research rather than to answer specific policy questions (e.g., food safety), which limits its relevance to decision-makers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003246#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies a severe lack of data aggregation, describing current efforts as a \"shopping list\" of independent variables rather than integrated indices that can inform policy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003246#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Successful community-based monitoring, such as the Arctic Borderlands Ecological Knowledge Co-op, relies on involving aboriginal people as owners of the monitoring process and maintaining a slow, simple dialogue to build trust.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iisd-003246#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change","sustainable development","biodiversity"],"geography_discussed":["World","Alaska"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["inventory","literature review","expert interviews"]},{"id":"iai-001977","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/iai-001977","title":"Landscape mapping of software tools for climate- sensitive infectious disease modelling","publisher":{"name":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research","organization":"inter-american-institute-for-global-change-research"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"http://iai.int/admin/site/sites/default/files/Landscape_mapping_of_software_tools_for_climate_sensitvie_infectious_disease_modelling_0.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report identifies 37 unique software tools for climate-sensitive infectious disease modelling, finding a heavy bias toward vector-borne diseases, particularly malaria. It highlights significant gaps in operationalization, accessibility, and geographic representation, noting that most tools are developed by North American and European institutions despite being intended for use in the Global South. Expert interviews reveal critical barriers to implementation, including poor data sharing between climate and health sectors, lack of political mandates, and a mismatch between complex model outputs and the needs of public health decision-makers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001977#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"A literature review of approximately 9,500 papers identified only 37 unique software tools that meet the criteria of incorporating both climate and epidemiological data to predict disease risk, indicating that few studies progress from evidence of climate-health linkages to operational decision support tools.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001977#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a strong imbalance in disease focus; 81.1% of identified tools focus on vector-borne diseases, with 53.3% of those specifically targeting malaria. There is a notable shortage of tools for respiratory, foodborne, and waterborne diseases, and a total absence of tools for soilborne diseases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001977#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"While over half of the tools (n=20) were described as operationalized, only 25% were freely available online and only 25% featured interfaces legible to policy and regional decision-makers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001977#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Tool creation is disproportionately concentrated in the Global North, with 38% of tool-creators based in the USA and UK alone, despite many tools being designed for use in the Global South.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001977#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Most tools are implemented in regions where the target disease is already endemic, and few provide forecasts beyond a seasonal climate outlook. There is a lack of tools for 'zones of emergence' where climate change and demographic shifts may increase future transmission risk.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001977#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The R programming language is the most common development tool, used in 29.7% of the tools, followed by Python, C++, MatLab, and FORTRAN90.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001977#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Inter-sectoral data sharing is a major barrier; while climate datasets are generally available, health datasets are often politically and ethically sensitive, and many public health and climate sectors lack a formal mandate to focus on climate impacts on health.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001977#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Expert interviews identified key barriers to the use of models as decision-support tools, including poor data quality, miscommunication between researchers and decision-makers, lack of technical expertise, and insufficient long-term funding for maintenance.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"iai-001977#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["vector-borne disease","malaria","early warning system","climate data","climate justice"],"geography_discussed":["United States","United Kingdom","Africa","Americas","Europe","West Pacific Ocean","Southeast Asia","Eastern Mediterranean","Vietnam","Brazil","Barbados","Tanzania","Australia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["landscape mapping","literature review","expert interviews"]},{"id":"isdglo-000099","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/isdglo-000099","title":"Information Warfare and Wikipedia","publisher":{"name":"Institute for Strategic Dialogue","organization":"institute-for-strategic-dialogue"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://www.isdglobal.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Information-Warfare-and-Wikipedia.pdf","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report analyzes how Wikipedia is targeted by information warfare, including undisclosed paid editing, state-sponsored infiltration, and the use of biased sources. Through a case study of the English-language page on the Russo-Ukrainian war, researchers identified patterns where blocked editors used state-affiliated domains and split their edit histories across multiple accounts to evade detection. The document also highlights the risk of 'community capture' in non-English Wikipedias and the psychological toll on volunteer editors fighting these campaigns.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Wikipedia faces several specific threats from coordinated actors, including undisclosed paid editing for 'reputation management', the use of 'sock-puppets' (multiple deceptive identities), and 'entryism', where states attempt to infiltrate the community of administrators to change policies from within.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Non-English Wikipedias are susceptible to 'community capture', where a lack of editor diversity allows a specific ethno-linguistic or national group to distort content. An example is the Croatian-language Wikipedia, where editors promoted a 'fascist worldview' and whitewashed crimes of the Nazi-allied Ustashe regime.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In a case study of the English-language Russo-Ukrainian war page, researchers found that bad actors may use a strategy of dividing edits on similar pages across different accounts to avoid scrutiny.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Analysis of 86 blocked editors on the Russo-Ukrainian war page revealed that 16 of 22 edits containing state-sponsored domains exhibited narratives consistent with Kremlin-sponsored information warfare, focusing on casting doubt on objectivity, altering historical narratives, and adding Kremlin press releases.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Wikimedia Foundation took significant action in September 2021 by banning seven editors and removing administrator powers from 12 others linked to a mainland China group attempting to promote 'the aims of China'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Volunteer editors who defend key pages from systematic manipulation face burnout and targeted harassment, including aggressive messages on talk pages, reputation tarnishing, and the leaking of personal information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"isdglo-000099#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Ukraine","People's Republic of China","Croatia","Russia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["case study","literature review","expert interviews","network mapping"]}]}