{"query_echo":{"q":"","filters":{"organization":["Global Witness"],"added":"2026-10-23..2026-10-23"},"warnings":[]},"total":{"value":240,"relation":"eq"},"page":6,"page_size":20,"self":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?added=2026-10-23..2026-10-23&organization=global-witness&page=6","next":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/api/v1/search?added=2026-10-23..2026-10-23&organization=global-witness&page=7","stability":"beta","ai_marking":{"digital_source_type":{"uri":"http://cv.iptc.org/newscodes/digitalsourcetype/trainedAlgorithmicMedia","name":"Created using Generative AI"},"notice":"Summary and key insights are generated using artificial intelligence."},"results":[{"id":"glowit-000023","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000023","title":"Global Hating","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/digital-threats/global-hating/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A Global Witness investigation based on a survey of 468 climate scientists reveals that online abuse is common, particularly for those with high academic output and media visibility. The report highlights that women are disproportionately targeted with sexual violence and personal attacks. This harassment leads to mental health issues, productivity loss, and a 'chilling effect' where scientists become less likely to engage in public discourse. The document identifies Twitter and Facebook as primary venues for abuse and calls for reforms to social media business models and content moderation to protect scientists and ensure the flow of critical climate information.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000023#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Online harassment is prevalent among climate scientists, with 39% of all polled scientists (183 out of 468) reporting experience with abuse. The likelihood of abuse increases with academic productivity and media presence: 49% of those with more than 10 publications have faced abuse, and 73% of those appearing in the media at least once a month have experienced it.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000023#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Female climate scientists face distinct and more severe forms of harassment compared to men. Women are three times more likely than men to be targeted based on age, and 13% of affected women reported threats of sexual violence. Additionally, 34% of affected women reported their sex or gender was targeted 'a great deal or a fair amount', compared to only 3% of affected men.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000023#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Online abuse has significant negative impacts on the health and professional productivity of scientists. Reported effects include anxiety (51%), depression (21%), and sleep problems (32% of women). Furthermore, 48% of harassed scientists reported a loss of productivity, and 8% have received death threats.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000023#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Harassment creates a 'chilling effect' on public communication, with 41% of affected scientists stating they are now less likely to post about climate issues on social media. Some scientists report withdrawing from public spaces to 'safer' platforms like Mastodon, which may hinder the ability to explain climate science to the general public.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000023#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Social media platforms, specifically Twitter (cited by 44% of abused scientists) and Facebook (31%), are the most common venues for harassment. The report argues that the business models of these companies, which prioritize high-engagement content like anger and misinformation, contribute to the spread of abuse.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000023#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["obsidian","climate change communication","climate change disinformation"],"geography_discussed":["Denmark","Greenland","Norway"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["survey","case study"]},{"id":"glowit-000024","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000024","title":"Europe's Venezuelan oil imports could give leverage against US aggression","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/fossil-fuels/europes-venezuelan-oil-imports-could-give-leverage-against-us-aggression/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Global Witness reports that European countries, specifically the Netherlands and the UK, imported at least $565 million worth of diesel in 2025 from Valero's St. Charles refinery in Louisiana, which processes significant volumes of Venezuelan oil. The document asserts that this trade supports US 'imperialist' actions in Venezuela and urges the EU and UK to implement a ban on US-controlled Venezuelan oil and refined products until democratic reforms and transparency are established in Venezuela.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000024#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"In 2025, European countries imported diesel valued at a minimum of $565 million from Valero's St. Charles refinery in Louisiana. The Netherlands and the UK were the primary recipients, importing at least $256 million and $219 million respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000024#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The St. Charles refinery is a major destination for Venezuelan oil; in 2025, over 40% of the oil imported by ship to the facility came from Venezuela. Global Witness estimates that even under the most conservative capacity assumptions, at least 12% of the refinery's consumed oil would have come from Venezuela.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000024#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document argues that Europe's reliance on US-supplied fossil fuels is dangerous and that the EU and UK should ban imports of US-controlled Venezuelan oil and refined products from companies like Valero until Venezuela implements oil sector reforms, environmental protections, and sets a date for new elections.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000024#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel","renewable energy","oil refining","energy transition"],"geography_discussed":["Venezuela","United States","Netherlands","Louisiana","Belgium","Norway","Ireland","Wales"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation","trade analysis"]},{"id":"glowit-000025","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000025","title":"US gas can’t certify away its climate and environmental justice problems","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"research paper","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/fossil-fuels/us-gas-cant-certify-away-its-climate-and-environmental-justice-problems/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report examines the rise of \"responsibly sourced gas\" certification, specifically focusing on the certifier MiQ and its clients ExxonMobil and EQT. It contends that these certifications focus narrowly on methane emissions to create a \"responsible\" image for companies with poor environmental justice records, while the goal of certifying the entire global gas market by 2030 necessitates an increase in production that is incompatible with limiting global warming to 1.5°C.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000025#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Gas certification, or \"gas differentiation,\" is a voluntary, unregulated market where proprietary standards vary by company, allowing the industry to set low bars for compliance and avoid public scrutiny.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000025#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Certification focuses on reducing methane leakage but does not change the carbon content of the gas; burning certified gas still emits more than 50% of the carbon dioxide produced by burning coal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000025#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The certifier MiQ aims to certify 100% of the global gas market by 2030, a goal that implies an increase in global gas production and directly conflicts with the 1.5°C threshold of the 2015 Paris Agreement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000025#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"US LNG infrastructure is disproportionately located in environmentally overburdened communities; approximately 38% of people living within three miles of proposed LNG facilities are people of color and Hispanics or Latinos, and 39% are low-income.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000025#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Companies like ExxonMobil and EQT use MiQ's methane-only certifications to claim high ESG standards despite records of environmental racism and legal violations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000025#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The expansion of the US LNG industry, the world's largest exporter as of the first half of 2022, creates significant climate risks, with 25 construction or expansion projects potentially emitting over 90 million tons of greenhouse gases annually.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000025#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["liquefied natural gas","methane emissions","environmental justice","greenwashing","Paris Agreement","carbon dioxide emissions","fossil-fuel divestment","energy transition"],"geography_discussed":["Texas","Louisiana","New Mexico","Pennsylvania","West Virginia","Beaumont"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","corporate accountability"]},{"id":"glowit-000026","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000026","title":"Renewable energy at what cost? A closer look at DRC’s nascent lithium sector","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/transition-minerals/renewable-energy-at-what-cost-a-closer-look-at-drcs-nascent-lithium-sector/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"An investigation into the Democratic Republic of Congo's nascent lithium industry reveals significant risks related to governance, transparency, and environmental impact. The report highlights that mining concessions near Manono are controlled by a small group of individuals with close ties to government officials and former President Kabila. It warns that without urgent due diligence and adherence to international standards, the green energy transition could repeat the mistakes of fossil fuel extraction by undermining local communities and the environment.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000026#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The lithium sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo faces serious governance, environmental, and social risks that could undermine the industry if not addressed, particularly as global lithium demand is projected to increase up to 40-fold by 2040.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000026#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mining concessions near Manono are controlled by a small group of individuals with close business ties, including a current government official and people reportedly linked to former President Kabila, such as Mr Cong Maohuai.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000026#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a lack of transparency regarding beneficial ownership for a key company involved in lithium deals, and local communities have unclear or differing understandings of the projects' environmental and social risks.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000026#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Three specific companies—AVZ Minerals Limited, Critical Resources Limited, and Tantalex Resources Corporation—have announced plans for lithium exploration or production in the Manono area.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000026#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["battery","energy transition","mining","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Manono"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["investigation","risk assessment"]},{"id":"glowit-000027","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000027","title":"Open letter to the Responsible Jewellery Council","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/conflict-resources/open-letter-to-the-responsible-jewellery-council/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A coalition of NGOs and trade unions acknowledges improvements in the Responsible Jewellery Council's (RJC) 2019 Code of Practices, specifically the adoption of OECD Due Diligence Guidance and the Minamata Convention. However, the letter argues that significant gaps remain regarding indigenous rights, human rights instruments, and environmental standards. The authors express concern over a phase-in period that could delay full compliance until 2024 and call for greater transparency in the auditing and certification process.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000027#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 2019 Code of Practices (COP) includes several improvements over the 2013 version, most notably the requirement for all members in the gold, silver, PGM, diamonds, and colored gemstones supply chains to implement the five-step framework of the OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Supply Chains of Minerals from Conflict-Affected and High-Risk Areas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000027#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The authors identify critical gaps in the 2019 COP, including the use of language that weakens the requirement for free, prior and informed consent from indigenous peoples, the omission of key ILO conventions on forced labor, freedom of association, collective bargaining, and non-discrimination, and vague provisions regarding waste, emissions, and tailings.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000027#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The current implementation timeline is criticized because some members may not be fully assessed against the new Code, including strategies to respond to human rights risks, until 2024 due to a phase-in period and certification cycles.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000027#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The RJC's auditing and certification process is described as opaque because audit reports are not public, and companies can benefit from the RJC's reputation for two years after joining before they are required to comply with the standard.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000027#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["human rights","indigenous rights","waste management","greenhouse gas emissions","biodiversity","mining"],"geography_discussed":[],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment"]},{"id":"glowit-000029","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000029","title":"A vital step towards getting the EU off fossil gas","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/fossil-fuels/a-vital-step-towards-getting-the-eu-off-fossil-gas/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Global Witness argues that the updated EU Gas Market Package is a step toward phasing out fossil gas, specifically due to a requirement for local grid operators to create energy plans aligned with EU climate targets. However, the document warns that the fossil fuel lobby successfully influenced the law to maintain control over hydrogen networks, which could prolong gas use and increase household energy costs.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000029#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The updated Gas Market Package includes a requirement for local gas grid operators to create energy plans that align with EU climate goals, account for the decline in gas demand due to renewables and energy savings, and identify infrastructure for decommissioning.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000029#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The fossil fuel lobby influenced the law to allow gas companies to maintain control over existing pipelines or build new ones under the premise of using 'clean' hydrogen, which the author claims will increase energy bills and prolong fossil gas use through the blending of small amounts of hydrogen into pipeline gas.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000029#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"In Germany, failure by network operators to plan for the transition could result in up to €10 billion of gas infrastructure becoming redundant by 2045, potentially leading to a 16-fold increase in grid fees for bill payers.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000029#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["natural gas","energy transition","renewable energy","energy efficiency"],"geography_discussed":["Germany"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis"]},{"id":"glowit-000030","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000030","title":"Vietnam's Unjust Energy Transition","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/land-and-environmental-defenders/vietnams-unjust-energy-transition/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document highlights the imprisonment of environmental defenders Nguy Thi Khanh and Dang Dinh Bach in Vietnam on tax evasion charges, which Global Witness describes as an attempt to silence those calling for transparency in the energy transition. It argues that suppressing civil society threatens climate progress and urges G7 countries and the UN Human Rights Council to pressure Vietnam to release these defenders, particularly as the country considers a 'Just Energy Transition Partnership' (JET-P) involving billions of dollars in funding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000030#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Environmental defenders in Vietnam, including Goldman Prize winner Nguy Thi Khanh and lawyer Dang Dinh Bach, have been imprisoned on charges of tax evasion, which is viewed as an effort to criminalise and silence those advocating for climate leadership and transparency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000030#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The imprisonment of climate defenders is seen as a threat to the United Nations Sustainable Development Agenda and progress on climate change, creating a precedent that discourages questioning of government energy policies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000030#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Vietnam is potentially pursuing a 'Just Energy Transition Partnership' (JET-P) supported by G7 nations—including Canada, the EU, the United Kingdom, and the United States—which could involve billions of dollars in funding.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000030#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global Witness and other NGOs demand the immediate release of imprisoned environmental defenders and insist that any energy transition deals with Vietnam must guarantee the safety and ability of civil society to contribute to climate solutions.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000030#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["energy transition","Coal phase-out","wind power","solar energy","climate justice","Just Energy Transition Partnership","climate finance","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom","United States","Canada","European Union"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy critique","human rights advocacy"]},{"id":"glowit-000031","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000031","title":"Open letter to Meta, TikTok, Twitter and YouTube concerning the upcoming Brazilian election","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/digital-threats/open-letter-to-meta-tiktok-twitter-and-youtube-concerning-the-upcoming-brazilian-election/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed"],"summary":{"text":"A group of international digital rights organisations and researchers have called on major social media platforms to act against disinformation and violence surrounding the 2022 Brazilian election. The letter supports a report by over 110 Brazilian civil society organisations which outlines 38 policy recommendations. These recommendations focus on protecting marginalized groups, combating climate-related disinformation, ensuring transparent ad libraries, and safeguarding the electoral process from attempts to discredit it.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000031#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The signatories urge social media platforms to adopt 38 policy recommendations developed by over 110 Brazilian civil society organisations in the report 'The Role Of Digital Platforms In Protecting Electoral Integrity In The 2022 Brazilian Election'. These recommendations cover five categories: combating political violence against women, black people, Indigenous people, traditional populations, quilombolas and LGBTQIA+; addressing mis/disinformation regarding the Amazon, climate, and environment; guaranteeing user rights against platform errors; providing transparent and equal ad libraries; and general election integrity guidelines.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000031#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The letter highlights existing evidence of social media being used to discredit the electoral process and to issue threats of violence against candidates, with a particular emphasis on the targeting of women and Indigenous peoples.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000031#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["climate change disinformation","environmental protection"],"geography_discussed":["Amazon rainforest"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":[]},{"id":"glowit-000032","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000032","title":"Toxic Takeaways","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"executive summary","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/land-and-environmental-defenders/toxic-takeaways/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report documents a pattern of forced evictions, illegal chemical fumigations, and the criminalization of land defenders in eastern Paraguay, driven by the expansion of industrial soy production. It identifies US traders ADM, Cargill, and Bunge as primary conduits, linking these abuses to European meat processors 2 Sisters and Danish Crown. The document argues that voluntary sustainability initiatives and 'mass balance' certification schemes are insufficient to prevent the import of 'tainted' soy into the EU and UK, and calls for mandatory human rights due diligence legislation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000032#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Indigenous and campesino communities in eastern Paraguay face severe human rights violations, including forced evictions, armed attacks, and chemical poisoning, to secure land for soy export.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000032#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"US commodity traders ADM and Cargill dominate the Paraguayan soy market, handling approximately 40% of exports, and are linked to producers responsible for human rights abuses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000032#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Illegal soy fumigations in communities like Yerutí and Campo Agua’e have caused severe health issues and cultural loss, with the UN finding that the Paraguayan government failed to provide an effective remedy.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000032#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Paraguayan state is accused of complicity through the failure to enforce environmental laws and the active repression of land activists, including increasing prison sentences for 'property invasion'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000032#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Supply chain mapping links Paraguayan soy to 2 Sisters (UK's largest chicken company) and Danish Crown (Europe's largest meat processor) via traders ADM, Cargill, and Bunge.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000032#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The 'mass balance' certification system used by the industry is described as an 'accounting trick' that allows soy from non-compliant or abusive farms to be mixed with certified soy, effectively laundering tainted products into European markets.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000032#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Proposed EU legislation, including the Deforestation Regulation and the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), contains loopholes that may allow companies to avoid accountability through third-party verifications and limited supplier scopes.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000032#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major soy traders and feed industry associations (Fediol, Coceral, FEFAC) have lobbied the European Commission to weaken traceability and segregation requirements in deforestation laws to protect commercial confidentiality and keep prices low.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000032#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation","human rights","land tenure","pesticide","indigenous rights"],"geography_discussed":["European Union","United Kingdom","Alto Paraná Department","Candindeyú","San Pedro Department","Caaguazú Department","Denmark","Argentina"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["supply chain mapping","human rights impact assessment","policy analysis"]},{"id":"glowit-000034","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000034","title":"COP16: Aligning Biodiversity with Human Rights and Climate Action","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/cop16-aligning-biodiversity-with-human-rights-and-climate-action/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Global Witness calls for CBD COP16 to transition the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) into actionable plans. The organization advocates for the protection and participation of land and environmental defenders, the implementation of mandatory regulations to end harmful financial flows driving deforestation, and the establishment of responsible mining standards and 'no-go zones' in biodiversity hotspots to ensure the energy transition does not undermine nature.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000034#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Land and environmental defenders, particularly Indigenous peoples, are critical to biodiversity conservation, stewarding over one-third of protected land across 90 countries and helping preserve approximately 80% of remaining global biodiversity, yet they face extreme violence and exclusion from decision-making.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000034#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Voluntary commitments by agribusinesses and financial institutions to end deforestation have proven ineffective; therefore, mandatory trade and finance regulations are required to align financial systems with forest protection and meet the 2030 goal of halting deforestation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000034#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document warns that the European Commission's proposed 12-month delay to the EU deforestation-free product Regulation (EUDR) risks encouraging other jurisdictions to reduce their ambitions for deforestation-free supply chains.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000034#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The rising demand for transition minerals like lithium, cobalt, and nickel for renewable energy technologies threatens biodiversity, with mining potentially affecting up to one-third of the world's forests, particularly in the Amazon, Congo Basin, and Southeast Asia.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000034#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To mitigate the impact of the energy transition on nature, Global Witness recommends implementing legally binding ESG standards for mining, mandating Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) for affected communities, and designating biodiversity-rich areas as no-go zones for mining.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000034#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["biodiversity loss","deforestation","climate finance","critical minerals","indigenous people","energy transition","circular economy","environmental impact assessment","Nationally Determined Contributions","Paris Agreement"],"geography_discussed":["Amazon rainforest","Congo Basin","Southeast Asia","Cerrado"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy position"]},{"id":"glowit-000036","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000036","title":"Exposing the connections between Wintershall’s Siberian gas fields and Russia’s military supply chain","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/fossil-fuels/exposing-the-connections-between-wintershalls-siberian-gas-fields-and-russias-military-supply-chain/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"A joint investigation by Global Witness and Radio Free Europe (RFE) identifies a supply chain connecting Wintershall Dea's gas condensate production in Western Siberia to the Salavat refinery, which in turn supplies diesel to companies with Russian military contracts. While the report notes it is not possible to determine if a specific barrel of diesel contains Wintershall's condensate, it highlights that the refinery's output reaches suppliers for the Federal Guard Service (FSO) and other military units. The report criticizes Wintershall for its continued shareholding in these ventures and its pursuit of German government compensation despite these connections.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000036#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Wintershall Dea's joint ventures, including Achimgaz and Achim Development, extract gas condensate from the Achimov deposits in Western Siberia. This condensate is processed at plants in Novy Urengoy and Surgut, with the Achimov deposits providing between 4 and 6 million tonnes of feedstock annually to the Novy Urengoy plant.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000036#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Rail data from 2022 indicates that 66% of gas condensate leaving the Surgut plant—approximately 2 million tonnes—was sent to a station used by the Gazprom Neftekhim Salavat refinery. This volume represents nearly one-third of the refinery's total raw material consumption for that year.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000036#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Salavat refinery supplied diesel in 2022 to companies with histories of Russian military contracts. This includes the firm Kedr, which supplied military units 38953-K and 69793 (the latter part of the FSO responsible for Vladimir Putin's protection), and fuel wholesalers Agro-Snab and Promkhim, which had contracts with military units 2432 and 5559 respectively.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000036#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Despite claiming its Russian assets were 'economically expropriated' in January 2023, Wintershall's February annual report shows it still holds 50% and 25% shares in Achimgaz and Achim Development. The company is also considering applying for compensation from the German government for these investments.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000036#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["petroleum industry","diesel fuel","supply chain","energy transition"],"geography_discussed":["Ukraine","Western Siberia","Salavat","Novy Urengoy","Surgut","Crimea","Sochi","Stavropol Krai","Germany"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["investigative report","supply chain analysis"]},{"id":"glowit-000038","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000038","title":"In aid of who?","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/fossil-fuels/in-aid-of-who/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Global Witness reveals that the Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG), largely funded by UK aid, committed $749.8 million to fossil fuel projects between 2002 and 2018. The report highlights the use of highly polluting heavy fuel oil (HFO) in West Africa and the continued funding of gas plants in Togo and Cote D'Ivoire in 2019. It further criticizes PIDG's investments in diesel-powered telecommunications towers and high-carbon industrial projects, while noting that 43% of its renewable energy spending went to biomass and hydropower. The document calls for an immediate end to all UK overseas fossil fuel investments across all government departments and agencies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000038#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Between 2002 and 2018, the Private Infrastructure Development Group (PIDG) committed $749.8 million to fossil fuel projects, representing 51% of its total energy investment of $1.46 billion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000038#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The UK government is the primary funder of PIDG, providing over $1 billion in Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) from 2002 to 2018, which constitutes 70.7% of the total funding from members and owners.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000038#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"PIDG has funded highly polluting energy projects, including heavy fuel oil (HFO) power plants in Mali and Senegal in 2017, and gas power plants in Togo ($23.8 million) and Cote D'Ivoire ($31 million) in 2019.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000038#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Beyond the energy sector, PIDG has invested in high-carbon infrastructure, including $30 million in 2015 for an oil refinery improvement for ByCo in Pakistan and $128.5 million in Helios Towers, many of which rely on diesel generators in sub-Saharan Africa.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000038#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant portion of PIDG's renewable energy spending from 2002 to 2018—43%—was directed toward biomass and hydropower, which the document notes can have negative climate impacts such as methane emissions from dams.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000038#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"PIDG's public funding acts as a catalyst for private investment; the group claims to have mobilized $35.8 billion from the private sector and development finance institutions since 2002.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000038#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The UK government provides broader fossil fuel support through other agencies, such as UK Export Finance (UKEF), which gave 97% of its energy support to fossil fuel projects between 2010 and 2017.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000038#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel finance","natural gas","hydropower","biomass","renewable energy","Paris Agreement","climate finance","petrochemical product","air pollution"],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom","Mali","Senegal","Togo","Ivory Coast","Pakistan","Tanzania","People's Republic of China","West Africa","sub-Saharan Africa","Asia"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy critique","financial analysis"]},{"id":"glowit-000039","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000039","title":"Critical minerals: the one issue COP has forgotten about","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/transition-minerals/critical-minerals-the-one-issue-cop-has-forgotten-about/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Global Witness is calling for COP30 to address the climate and human rights impacts of the 'transition minerals' boom. The organization argues that the extraction of copper, cobalt, lithium, and rare earths is currently causing deforestation and destroying carbon sinks, which undermines net-zero goals. They propose that the UNFCCC formally endorse the UN Secretary-General’s High-Level Expert Advisory Group (HLEAG) to develop binding international guidelines for responsible sourcing, protect vital carbon-storage ecosystems as 'no-go zones', and ensure the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) of Indigenous peoples.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000039#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The demand for transition minerals—specifically copper, cobalt, lithium, and rare earths used in clean energy technologies—is projected to quadruple in the coming years.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000039#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Mineral extraction for the energy transition is causing significant climate harms, including the destruction of peatlands, wetlands, and carbon-rich rainforests, which may erode the carbon sequestration necessary for net zero.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000039#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A significant portion of transition mineral reserves are located on or near Indigenous lands, necessitating the application of Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) for any extraction activities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000039#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global Witness proposes that COP30 support the UN Secretary-General’s High-Level Expert Advisory Group (HLEAG) to create binding international guidelines for responsible sourcing, promote circular economy strategies, and establish climate-specific guidelines to stop mining-driven deforestation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000039#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["critical minerals","deforestation","carbon sequestration","indigenous rights","circular economy","Net-zero emissions","energy transition"],"geography_discussed":["Bonn"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation","advocacy"]},{"id":"glowit-000040","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000040","title":"Before the Flood: How an \"illegal\" dam project could destroy forests and biodiversity in one of Congo's oldest national parks","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/before-the-flood-the-dam-that-threatens-one-of-africas-oldest-national-parks/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The Sombwe Dam project in the Democratic Republic of the Congo threatens Upemba National Park, potentially violating national conservation law and risking the loss of rare species and critical forests. The project, intended to power the copper and cobalt mining belt, could release 1.3 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent by the end of the century due to forest submergence. Global Witness calls for the suspension of work by PowerChina and demands that international financiers and the DRC government seek alternative sites to avoid devastating biodiversity and climate impacts.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000040#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The 160-megawatt Sombwe Dam project may be illegal because it is located within Upemba National Park, which could put it in violation of Congolese conservation law.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000040#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project threatens critical biodiversity in Upemba National Park, including the DRC's last remaining zebras and savannah elephants, and risks the livelihoods of local fishing communities.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000040#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Submerging forests to create a reservoir of up to one billion cubic metres could result in emissions equivalent to 1.3 million tonnes of CO2 by the end of the century, exceeding the emissions from burning 3 million barrels of oil.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000040#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A leaked study commissioned by the EU described the initial environmental assessment for the Sombwe Dam as 'seriously flawed'.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000040#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The project involves PowerChina and Kipay Investments, with PowerChina having received financial backing from major international entities including BlackRock, Vanguard, Standard Chartered, Société Générale, and China Construction Bank.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000040#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["hydropower","deforestation","biodiversity loss","greenhouse gas emissions","methane","carbon capture and storage","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["United Kingdom","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["investigation","environmental impact assessment"]},{"id":"glowit-000042","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000042","title":"Our verdict on COP26: A compromise with catastrophe","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/land-and-environmental-defenders/our-verdict-on-cop26-a-compromise-with-catastrophe/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"Global Witness critiques COP26 as a failure that lacked urgency and accountability, noting that the summit allowed fossil fuel lobbyists significant access while excluding many affected communities. The organization highlights the inadequacy of voluntary pledges on deforestation and the failure to secure comprehensive agreements on phasing out oil, gas, and fossil fuel subsidies, concluding that the commitments made are insufficient to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000042#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"COP26 is characterized as a failure because it offered commitments with delivery dates decades in the future and lacked clear accountability or milestones, failing to reflect the urgency of an ongoing climate emergency.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000042#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There was a significant disparity in access at the summit; while over 500 fossil fuel lobbyists were welcomed as delegates with access to negotiating rooms, many Indigenous voices, youth activists, and defenders were excluded due to costs, travel restrictions, and vaccine inequity.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000042#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Progress on fossil fuels was insufficient, with coal agreements excluding many reliant countries and no substantive action taken on oil and gas, whose emissions exceed those of coal.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000042#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The pledge by over 100 world leaders to end deforestation by 2030 is viewed as unreliable because it is entirely voluntary and lacks accountability mechanisms, mirroring a failed 2014 promise.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000042#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The overall commitments from COP26 are insufficient to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000042#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["fossil fuel subsidy","deforestation","methane","coal","petroleum industry","climate finance","climate justice","indigenous rights","1.5 degree Celsius climate target"],"geography_discussed":["Glasgow"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy assessment","critique"]},{"id":"glowit-000043","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000043","title":"Pricey food, precious forests: The invasion of Ukraine, global food security and deforestation","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/pricey-food-precious-forests-the-invasion-of-ukraine-global-food-security-and-deforestation/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document warns that the global food price surge, driven by climate events and the invasion of Ukraine, is being used by industry actors and politicians to push for the deregulation of forests to increase agricultural production. It argues that deforestation actually undermines food security by disrupting weather cycles and increasing climate shocks, citing examples of crop losses in Brazil and Canada. The author urges the UK, EU, and forest-rich nations to maintain and strengthen due diligence requirements to prevent businesses from profiting from deforestation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000043#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The invasion of Ukraine has intensified a global food price surge already driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, soil degradation, and climate-related extreme weather. Russia and Ukraine together provide more than 25% of global wheat exports, and Russia is the world's leading producer of fertilizer.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000043#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"There is a risk that policymakers and industry actors in Europe and Brazil will use the Ukraine crisis to justify the destruction of climate-critical forests for industrial agriculture. The document notes that Brazilian President Bolsonaro has suggested that land rights and environmental laws hinder Brazilian food security in the context of the invasion.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000043#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Deforestation worsens food insecurity by disrupting local weather cycles and causing droughts. For example, clearing natural vegetation in Brazil is estimated to cost soybean farmers over $3 billion annually in lost productivity, and a severe 2021 drought in Brazil impacted soy and sugar beet yields.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000043#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document highlights the risk of investors turning to forest-risk commodities as substitutes for Ukrainian products, specifically mentioning palm oil from Indonesia or Papua New Guinea as a potential substitute for sunflower oil, which could increase deforestation and human rights abuses.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000043#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The author emphasizes the necessity of upcoming UK and EU regulations to prohibit the sale of products sourced from deforested land, urging governments to resist industry calls to halt environmental legislation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000043#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["food security","deforestation","carbon sink","extreme weather event","fossil fuel","renewable energy"],"geography_discussed":["Russia","Ukraine","Brazil","Europe","Canada","Amazon rainforest","Pantanal wetlands","United Kingdom","European Union","Indonesia","Papua New Guinea"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","advocacy"]},{"id":"glowit-000046","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000046","title":"To save the Amazon, Brazil needs China’s commitment","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/to-save-the-amazon-brazil-needs-chinas-commitment/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The statement asserts that China's influence as Brazil's largest trading partner is critical for saving the Amazon. It highlights that 52% of Brazil's exported beef and 7% of its exported soybeans go to China, making Chinese demand a primary driver of deforestation. The author calls for China to eliminate deforestation from its supply chains, stop financial institutions from funding deforestation-risk commodities, and establish a joint China-Brazil task force to coordinate climate and biodiversity efforts to meet the Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forest and Land Use goal of ending deforestation by 2030.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000046#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"China's role as a major importer of Brazilian commodities makes it a key influence on Amazonian deforestation, with China receiving 52% of Brazil's exported beef and 7% of its exported soybeans.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000046#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Amazon is approaching a tipping point where it may become unable to sustain its own water cycles and transform into savannah, with 17% of the forest already cleared and 38% of the remainder degraded.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000046#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Chinese financial institutions are linked to deforestation, having earned an estimated US$554 million from deals involving soy, beef, palm oil, and pulp and paper supply chains between 2015 and 2020.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000046#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"To end deforestation by 2030 as committed under the Glasgow Leaders’ Declaration on Forest and Land Use, the author proposes the creation of a joint task force chaired by key ministers from China and Brazil to coordinate trade, agriculture, and enforcement agencies.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000046#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation","greenhouse gas emissions","land-use change","biodiversity loss","climate finance"],"geography_discussed":["European Union","United States"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy recommendation"]},{"id":"glowit-000047","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000047","title":"Burger today, rainforest gone tomorrow","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/terrible-trade-burger-today-rainforest-gone-tomorrow/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The author describes the environmental destruction caused by cattle grazing in the Brazilian Amazon and calls for the US Senate to pass the FOREST Act to block beef from illegally deforested land. The text highlights a US Senate Committee on Finance hearing that examined the cattle supply chains of JBS, the world's largest meat supplier, and the company's lack of accountability for deforestation. The author emphasizes that while the Brazilian government under President Lula has introduced a deforestation action plan, international pressure and legislation are necessary to hold beef companies and their global financiers accountable.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000047#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"The US Senate Committee on Finance held a hearing to examine the role of cattle supply chains in Amazon deforestation, specifically questioning JBS, the world's largest meat supplier, regarding its poor deforestation monitoring and lack of accountability.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000047#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Evidence presented to the US Senate indicates that deforestation continues to occur to create space for cattle grazing, despite laws prohibiting grazing on deforested land, particularly on Indigenous lands.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000047#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Brazilian government under President Lula has implemented a deforestation action plan focused on protecting Indigenous lands and improving law enforcement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000047#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Global Witness urges the US Senate to support the FOREST Act to prevent beef produced on illegally deforested land from entering the US market.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000047#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation"],"geography_discussed":["United States","Brazil","London","New York City","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy advocacy","field observation"]},{"id":"glowit-000048","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000048","title":"Slash and sell","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"report","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/slash-and-sell/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The report alleges that Brookfield Asset Management oversaw the deforestation of approximately 9,000 hectares of the Brazilian Cerrado between 2012 and 2021 across eight farms, subsequently selling these assets in a 'slash and sell' strategy. It further details a case where a Brookfield-controlled firm was fined R$800,000 for slave labour offences at Fazenda Colorado and an attempt to evict the Kayabí Indigenous community from ancestral lands in the Amazon via the company Agropecuaria Vale do Ximari. The document highlights a contradiction between these actions and the public roles of Brookfield Chair Mark Carney, a co-founder of the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ), and the firm's ESG policies. It argues that voluntary initiatives like GFANZ are insufficient and calls for mandatory government legislation on environmental and human rights due diligence for the financial sector.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"Brookfield Asset Management is linked to the deforestation of approximately 9,000 hectares of tropical savannah in the Brazilian Cerrado between 2012 and 2021 across eight farms: Horizontina Norte, Horizontina Leste, Nebraska, San Diego, Nazare, Alvorada, Colorado, and Onça Branca.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report identifies a 'slash and sell' pattern where Brookfield cleared forest land for crops and then sold the properties in 2021, potentially profiting from commodity sales, financial instruments, and asset price fluctuations.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Deforestation on Brookfield's farms is estimated to have released 600,000 tonnes of CO2 over a nine-year period ending in June 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"A firm controlled by Brookfield, Brookfield Brasil Participacoes (BBP), was fined R$800,000 ($163,000) in December 2021 for slave labour offences occurring at Fazenda Colorado in 2014.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Brookfield Brazil owned Agropecuaria Vale do Ximari, which sought to evict the Kayabí Indigenous community from ancestral lands in the Amazon to facilitate cattle farming, mining, and timber logging.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-5","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The report alleges that Brookfield may have breached the rules of the Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS), which prohibits clearing natural land for soy in Brazil after 2016, as 1,900 hectares were cleared on eight Brookfield farms between 2016 and June 2021.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-6","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Major financial institutions, including HSBC, Deutsche Bank, and Bank of America, provided significant funding to Brookfield through loans, bond underwriting, and shareholdings, despite their own commitments to stop financing deforestation.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-7","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ) removed the mandatory requirement for members to adhere to UN Race to Zero targets in October 2022, shortly before the introduction of independent monitoring controls.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-8","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"Brookfield utilized complex ownership structures, including investment funds and Certificates of Agribusiness Receivables (CRAs), to manage land holdings and potentially circumvent Brazilian laws restricting foreign land ownership.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000048#insight-9","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation","carbon sink","sustainable finance","Net-zero emissions","climate finance","Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero","land-use change","biodiversity","human rights"],"geography_discussed":["Canada","United Kingdom","United States","European Union","Q43695","Maranhão","Mato Grosso do Sul","Mato Grosso","Pará","Minas Gerais"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["investigative report","corporate accountability analysis"]},{"id":"glowit-000049","url":"https://climateinsightsdirectory.org/document/glowit-000049","title":"Biden’s Executive Order on Forests can help stop Wall Street from financing deforestation","publisher":{"name":"Global Witness","organization":"global-witness"},"document_type":"statement","language":"en","date_published":null,"source_url":"https://globalwitness.org/en/campaigns/forests/bidens-executive-order-on-forests-can-help-stop-wall-street-from-financing-deforestation/","generator":"Climate Insights Directory","generated_fields":["summary","key_insights","climate_tags","geography_discussed","analysis_type"],"summary":{"text":"The document calls for the US to move beyond funding conservation and instead regulate the financial sector to stop the flow of capital to companies driving deforestation. It highlights that US financial institutions provided $58 billion to agribusiness firms linked to tropical deforestation in the five years following the Paris Agreement, with JPMorgan identified as the largest single financier. The author advocates for the adoption of the FOREST Act to clean up supply chains and the Fossil Free Finance Act to mandate the elimination of financing for activities contributing to deforestation by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000049#summary","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},"key_insights":[{"text":"US financial institutions provided $58 billion to agribusiness firms linked to tropical deforestation and associated human rights abuses in the five years since the Paris Climate Agreement, generating an estimated $538 million from these deals.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000049#insight-1","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"JPMorgan is identified as the largest financier of companies destroying forests globally, with $9.38 billion in deals with such firms in the five years following the Paris Climate Agreement.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000049#insight-2","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"President Biden's Executive Order initiates a one-year process to create a \"whole-of-government\" strategy to reduce or eliminate US purchases of products from illegally or recently deforested lands.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000049#insight-3","date_modified":"2026-10-23"},{"text":"The document proposes two legislative paths: the FOREST Act, which would block agricultural commodities from illegally deforested land from entering the US market, and the Fossil Free Finance Act, which would require bank holding companies with over $50 billion in assets to eliminate financing for deforestation and greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.","ai_generated":true,"unit":"glowit-000049#insight-4","date_modified":"2026-10-23"}],"climate_tags":["deforestation","climate finance","greenhouse gas emissions","biodiversity loss"],"geography_discussed":["Amazon rainforest","India","Norway","United Kingdom","European Union","People's Republic of China"],"frame_perspective":[],"analysis_type":["policy analysis","advocacy"]}]}